विजय नगर साम्राज्य
vijay nagar samrajy / Vijay Nagar Samrajya
sthapana
vijay nagar dakshini bharat ka mahan bhagnavesh shahar aur samrajy bhi tha. jisaki nianv dakshini bharat mean tuangabhadra nadi ke par lagabhag 1336 ee0 mean sangam ke putr harihar aur bukk ne rakhi. is nagar ka nirman 1343 ee0 mean poora hua aur das varsh mean hi rajy ka vistar dakshin bharat ke poorvi samudr se pashchimi samudr tak ho gaya.
itihas
harihar pratham ne apani mrityu paryant 1354-55 ee0 tak shasan kiya. isake bad usake bhaee bukk pratham ne 22 varsh (1355-77 ee0) tak shasan-sanchalan kiya. in shasakoan mean se kisi ne bhi rajapadavi dharan nahian ki. bukk pratham ke putr aur uttaradhikari harihar dvitiy ne 1377 ee0 se maharajadhiraj ki padavi ke sath 1404 ee0 tak shasan kiya.
vijay nagar ke raja
vijay nagar ke raja 'ray' kahalate the, jinhoanne kee kshetroan mean saphalata aur gaurav ke sath 1565 ee0 tak shasan kiya. vijay nagar mean tin rajavanshoan ke raja hue, yatha, sangam rajavansh ke aantargat harihar dvitiy (1377-1404 ee0), usaka putr bukk dvitiy (1404-06 ee0), ramachandr (1422 ee0), vir vijay (1422-25 ee0), devaraj dvitiy (1425-47 ee0), mallikarjun (1447-65 ee0), viroopaksh (1465-85 ee0) aur praudhadev ray (1485 ee0) rajaoan ne rajy kiya.
antim raja
saluv rajavansh ki sthapana saluv narasianh dvara sangam vansh ke vidhvans ke bad ki gayi. yah sangam rajavansh ke antim rajaoan ka mantri tha. narasianh ne 1486-1492 ee0 tak shasan kiya aur usaka putr immadi narasianh (1492-1503 ee0) uttaradhikari bana, jo saluv ya dvitiy rajavansh ka doosara aur antim raja tha.
tuluv rajavansh
immadi narasianh ko tatkalin mantri narasianh nayak ne padchyut kar ek naye rajavansh ki sthapana ki, jo tuluv rajavansh kaha jata hai. isake aantargat chhah raja hue, yatha naresh nayak (1503 ee0), usaka putr vir narasianh (1503-1509 ee0), krishna dev ray (1509-29 ee0), achyut (1529-42 ee0), vyankat (1542 ee0) aur sadashiv (1542-65 ee0).
talikot ka yuddh
talikot ke yuddh ke uparant is vansh ka bhi uchchhed ho gaya. is vansh ke vinash ke sath hi vijay nagar rajadhini bhi vinasht ho gayi aur sadashiv venugoanda bhag gaya, jahaan 1570 ee0 mean tirumall dvara vah padchyut kar diya gaya.
chautha rajavansh
tirumall se chautha rajavansh ka arambh hua. isane 1570 se 1642 ee0 tak shasan kiya. pahale in logoan ki rajadhani penugonda thi, usake bad chandragiri ho gayi.
rajy ka patan
vyavaharik roop se 'vijayanagar' rajy ka itihas vijay nagar ke vinash ke sath hi samapt ho jata hai. rajy ke patan ka karan, sima ke musalaman bahamani rajy se nirantar yuddh tha. dharmik virodh ke karan utpann dvaishabhav ke atirikt rayachoor doav bhi donoan rajyoan ke bich sangharsh ka karan bana raha aur sadharanataya bahamani sultan hi isaka labh uthate rahe. keval krishnadev ray ke shasanakal (1509-29 ee0) mean, jo sabase pratapi raja tha, vijayanagar rajy mean raha. usane musalaman p dosiyoan se rayachoor chhinakar bidar tatha bijapur ke sultan ko bhi parast kiya. usane apane prabhutv ka vistar madras rajy tak hi nahian, apitu maisoor tak kar liya. kintu ye upalabdhiyaan sthayi n rah sakian. bijapur, golakunda, ahamad nagar aur bidar ke sultanoan ke sanyukt prayas se vijayanagar 1565 ee0 mean talikot ke yuddh ke pashchath vinasht ho gaya. sadashiv ko doorasth rajy penoogonda bhag kar apane pran bachane p de. apane utkarsh kal mean vijay nagar samriddh aur dhan-dhany sanpoorn nagar tha. usaki kilebandi atyant majaboot thi. nikolo kanti (1420 ee0), abdurajjak (1443 ee0), pais (1522 ee0) aur noonij jaise videshi yatriyoan ne usaki bhoori-bhoori prashansa ki hai. abdurajjak ne yahaan tak likha hai ki ‘yah nagar aisa hai, jisake saman dharati par doosara nagar n to aankhoan se dekha gaya hai aur n kanoan se suna gaya hai. yah ek ek-doosare ke bhitar sat parakotoan se ghira tha.‘ nagar ki abadi atyant dhani thi aur yah sab prakar ke dhan-dhany se poorn tha. phir bhi yah durdev hi kaha jayaga ki jab musalaman akramanakariyoan ne talikot ki vijay ke bad nagar ko dhvast karana shuroo kiya, tab yahaan ke nagarikoan ne n to kisi prakar ka pratirodh kiya aur n sangathit hokar usaka samana hi kiya. isase sanket milata hai ki rajy ke dhan-vaibhav sanpann hone ke bavajood janata mean shasak varg ke prati kisi prakar ka prem ya apanatv nahian tha.
sahity aur kala
vijay nagar ke raja sanskrit sahity aur vidya ke poshak the. vedoan ke suprasiddh bhashyakar sayan aur unake bhaee madhavachary vijay nagar ke rajaoan ke mantri the. vijay nagar ke shasak lalit kalaoan ke bhi mahan poshak the aur unhoanne anek bhavy mandiroan tatha bhavanoan ka nirman karaya. unake rajy kal mean vijay nagar mean vastukala, chitrakala tatha takshan kala ki vishisht shaili ka vikas hua. (ar0, e sevel krit pharagatan impayar tatha bi0 e0 saletor krit soshal end politikal laiph in vijayanagar impayar)