क़सीदा

qasida kavy ya shayari ka ek svaroop hai, jo poorv islami arab mean vikasit hua tha, tab se yah aj tak prachalit hai. qaside ka prarambh pray: 'nasib' kahi jane vali chhoti pankti se hota hai. shayaroan me qafiya ki rachana kaushal pradashirt karane aur isamean sahayogi vishayoan ko adhik se adhik gooanthane ki ho d lagi hoti hai. apani shaili aur bhasha ke karan ye shabdakosh nirmataoan ke lie vishesh dilachaspi ke vishay hote haian.

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sanrachana

shastriy qasida 60 se 100 panktiyoan ka ek vistrit sanrachana vala udbodhan hota hai, jisamean pratyek pankti ko ek-si tuk ya qafiye me rakhate hue sampoorn git ki rachana ki jati hai. yahi qafiya pahale chhand ki pahali arddhali mean rakha jata hai. vastut: qaside ke lie koee bhi chhand (sivay rajaz ke) grahaniy haian. qasida ki shuruat pray: 'nasib' kahi jane vali ek sankshipt prastavana se shuroo hoti hai. nasib shok git ka bhav lie hota hai aur usaka ashay shrotaoan ka dhyan apani or khianchana hota hai. nasib mean is bat ka chitran hota hai, ki kaise shayar ek purane kabilaee dere mean ruka apani preyasi ke sath kaisa anandamay samay bitaya aur jab ve alag hue, to virah mean kaisi vedana huee.

pratham prayog

manyata hai ki arabi shayar imarool-qayas ne pahali bar is yukti ka prayog kiya tha. isake bad lagabhag sabhi qasidakaroan nean unaka anukaran kiya. is paranparagat praranbh ke bad ata hai 'rahil', jisamean shayar ke gho de ya ooant, registani pashuoan, registani ghatanaoan aur vahaan ke 'badduoan' ke jivan evan yuddhoan ke vivaran aur upaman hote hai. rahil ka upasanhar 'fakh' ya atm-prashansa kiya ja sakata hai. mukhy vishay 'madih' ya 'prashasti', jo aksar 'hij' se ju da hota hai, aant me ata hai aur yah svany shayar ki' usake qabile ya apane sanrakshak ki prashansa hoti hai.

qaside ka mahattv

qasida shayari lekhakoan ke lie prarambh se hi mahattvapoorn raha. qaside ko hamesha se shayari ka sarvotkrisht roop aur islam-poorv shasakoan ki dharohar mana mata raha hai. shastriy rujhan vale shayaroan ne is vidha ko banae rakha aur niyamoan ya bandhanoan ka palan kiya, lekin araboan ki badali huee paristhatiyoan ne use ek kritrim paripati bana diya. is prakar athavian shatabdi ke aant tak qaside ka mahatv kam hone laga. 10vian shatabdi mean tho de samay ke lie al-mutanabbi, jo arabi bhasha ke mahanatam shayaroan mean se ek the, unhoanne use saphalatapoorvak punarjivit kiya aur badduoan ne use aj tak banae rakha hai. 19 vian shatabdi tak farasi, turki aur urdoo bhashaoan mean bhi qaside likhe ge.

uddeshy

qasida sodrishy likhi gee shayari hai. isaka uddeshy saansarik labh prapt karana, jaisa ki shahoan ya navaboan ki tarif mean likhi gee rachanaoan ka lakshy hota hai, ya sansar ke uparaant paralaukik labh prapt karana, jaisa ki eeshvar ki pranshasa mean ya paiganbar muhammad sahab athava pavitr vyaktitvoan ti tarif mean rachit shayari ka uddeshy hota hai. ye prashastiyaan samanyat bahut lanbi hoti hai aur atyant aanlakarik v atishayoktipurn shaili mean likhi jati haian. shayaroan me qafiya ki rachana aur isake kaushal ko pradashirt karane aur sath hi isamean sahayogi vishayoan ko adhik se adhik gooanthane ki ho d lagi rahati hai. apani shaili aur bhasha ke karan hi ye shabdakosh nirmataoan ke lie vishesh roop se dilachaspi ke vishay hote hai. dakshin bharat mean likhe ge qasidoan par bahut adhik shodhakary nahian hua hai. uttari bharat mean anek shayaroan ko is vidha mean vishishtata ke karan bahut samman prapt hai. 18vian shatabdi ke sauda, iansha aur 19vian shatabdi ke zauq v mirza galib inhian sammanit shayaroan mean se ek hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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