रासो काव्य

hindi sahity mean 'ras' ya 'rasak' ka arth lasy se liya gaya hai jo nrity ka ek bhed hai. at: isi arth ke adhar par git nrity parak rachanaean 'ras' ke nam se jani jati haian. 'raso' ya 'raus' mean vibhinn prakar ke adill, dhoosa, chhappay, kundaliyaan, paddhatika adi chhand prayukt hote haian. is karan aisi rachanaean 'raso' ke nam se jani jati haian.

vidvanoan ke mat

kuchh vidvanoan ne 'rasoan' ki vyutpatti 'rahasy' shabd ke 'rasah' ya 'rahasy' ke prakrit roop se mani hai.

• shri ramanarayan doogad likhate haian - 'raso shabd 'rahas' ya rahasy ka prakrit roop maloom padata hai. isaka arth gupt bat ya bhed hai, jaise ki shiv rahasy, devi rahasy adi granthoan ke nam haian, vaise shuddh nam prithviraj rahasy hai jo ki prakrit mean prithviraj ras, rasa ya raso ho gaya.
• d aau. kashi prasad jayasaval aur kaviraj shyamadas ke anusar 'rahasy' pad ka prakrit roop 'rahasso' banata hai, jisaka kalantar mean uchcharan bhed se bigadata hua roopaantar raso ban gaya hai. rahasy, rahasso, rasso, raso isaka vikas kram hai.
• achary ramachandr shukl 'raso' ki vyutpatti 'rasayan' se manate haian. d aau. udayanarayan tivari 'rasak shabd se raso' ka udbhav manate haian.

visaladev mean 'ras' aur 'rasayan' shabd ka prayog kavy ke lie hua hai. 'nalh rasayan aranbhee' evan 'ras rasayan sunai sab koee' adi. ras ko utpann karane vala kavy rasayan hai. visaladev raso mean prayukt 'rasayan' evan 'rasiy' shabdoan se 'raso' shabd ban hai.

• pro. lalita prasad sukul rasayan ko ras ki nishpatti ka adhar manate haian.
• mahamahopadhyay d aau. haraprasad shastri 'rajasthan ke bhat charan adi rasa (krida ya jhagada) shabd se raso ka vikas batate haian.'
• d aau. griyarsan 'raso ka roop rasa athava raso manate haian tatha usaki nishpatti 'rajadesh' se huee batate haian. inake anusar - ' is raso shabd ki nishpatti 'rajadesh' se huee hai, kyoanki adesh ka roopantar ayasu hai.'
• mahamahopadhyay d aau. gaurishankar hirachand ojha hindi ke rasa shabd ko sanskrit ke ras shabd se anusyoot kahate haian. unake matanusar - 'maian rasa shabd ki utpatti sanskrit ke ras shabd se manata hooan. ras shabd ka arth vilas bhi hota hai ( shabd kalpadum chaturth kand) aur vilas shabd charit, itihas adi ke arth mean prachalit hai.'
• d aau. dasharath sharma evan d aau. hazariprasad dvivedi ka kathan hai ki "ras' parampara ki git nrity parak rachanayean hi age chalakar vir ras ke padyatmak iti vrittoan mean parinat ho gee. 'raso pradhanatah ganayukt nrity vishesh se kramashah vikasit hote-hote uparupak aur kianphar uparupak se vir ras ke padyatmak prabandhoan mean parinat ho gaya. is gey natyoan ka git bhag kalantar mean kramashah svatantr shravy athava pathy kavy ho gaya aur inake charit nayakoan ke anusar isamean yuddh varnan ka samavesh hua.
• pan. vindhyeshvari prasad dvivedi raso shabd ko "rajayash' shabd se vinishrat hua manate haian.
• sahityachary mathura prasad dikshit raso pad ka janm raj se batalate haian.

in abhimatoan ke vishleshan ka nishkarsh raso shabd "ras' ka vikas hai.

ukti v kahavatoan mean

bundelakhand mean kuchh aisi uktiyaan bhi paee jati hai, jinase raso shabd ke svaroop par bahut kuchh prakash p data hai, jaise - hon lage sas bahoo ke rachhare. yah 'rachhara' shabd raso se hi sambandhit hai. sas bahoo ke bich hone vale vakyuddh ko prakat karane vala yah 'rachhara' shabd b di svabhavikata se rayasa ya raso ke shabdik mahatv ko pragat karata hai. vir kavy parampara mean yah raso shabd yuddh sambandhi kavita ke lie hi prayukt hua hai. isaka hi bundelakhandi sanskaran "rachharau' hai. uparyukt sabhi matoan ke nishkarshasvaroop yah ek aisa kavy hai jisamean rajaoan ka yash varnan kiya jata hai aur yash varnan mean yuddh varnan svatah samahit hota hai.

raso kavy parampara

raso kavy parampara hindi sahity ki ek vishisht kavyadhara rahi hai, jo viragatha kal mean utpann hokar madhy yug tak chali aee. kahana yoan chahie ki adi kal mean janm lene vali is vidha ko madhyakal mean vishesh poshan mila. prithviraj raso se prarambh hone vali yah kavy vidha deshi rajyoan mean bhi milati hai. tatkalin kavigan apane ashrayadataoan ko yuddh ki prerana dene ke lie unake bal paurush adi ka atiranjit varnan in raso kavyoan mean karate rahe haian.

• raso kavy parampara mean sarvapratham granth 'prithviraj raso' mana jata hai.
• sanskrit, bauddh aur jain sahity mean "ras', "rasak' nam ki anek rachanayean likhi geean. gurjar evan rajasthani sahity mean to isaki ek lambi parampara paee jati hai. yah nirvivad saty hai ki sanskrit kavy granthoan ka hindi sahity par bahut prabhav p da. sanskrit kavy granthoan mean vir ras poorn varnanoan ki kami nahian hai.
• rrigved mean tatha shatapath brahman mean yuddh evan virata sambandhi sookt haian.
• mahabharat to vir kavy hi hai. yahian se soot, magadh adi dvara rajaoan ki prashansa ka sootrapat hua jo age chalakar bhat, charan, dhuliyoan adi dvara atiranjit rup ko prapt kar saka.
• vir kavy ki drishti se 'ramayan' mean bhi yuddh ke atishayokti poorn varnan haian.
• 'kiratarjuniy, mean viroktiyoan dvara vir ras ki srishti b di svabhavik hai.
• 'uttar ramacharit' mean jahaan 'eko rasah karun ev' ka pratipadan hai vahian chandraketu aur lav ke vir ras se bhare vad vivad bhi haian.
• narayan krit "veni sanhar' mean vir ras ka atyant sundar paripak hua hai. isase spasht hai ki hindi ki vir kavy pravritti sanskrit se hi vinishrit huee hai.
• d aau. uday narayan tivadi ne "vir kavy' mean hindi ki vir kavyadhara ka udgam sanskrit ki vari ras rachanaoan se mana hai.

raso kavy ka svaroop

raso parampara do rupoan mean milati hai -

1. prabandh kavy
2. viragit kavy.

• prabandh kavy mean 'prithviraj raso' tatha vir git ke rup mean 'visaladev raso' jaisi rachanayean haian. jaganik ka raso apane mool rup mean to aprapt hai kintu, 'alha khand' nam ki vir ras rachana usi ka parivartit rup hai. alha, oodal evan prithviraj ki l daiyoan se sambandhit vir gitoan ki yah rachana hindi bhasha kshetr ke janamanas mean gooanj rahi hai.

adi kal ki pramukh rachanayean prithviraj raso, khamman raso evan visaladev raso haian. hindi sahity ke prarambh kal ki ye rachanayean vir ras evan shrriangar ras ka mila-jula rup prastut karati haian.

jain sahity mean raso

jain sahity mean "ras' evan "rasak' nam se abhihit anek rachanayean haian jinamean sandesh rasak, bharateshvar bahubali ras, kachchhooliras adi pratinidhi haian.

raso ka samay

• prithviraj raso evan visaladev raso ko kuchh vidvanh solahavian evan satrahavian shatabdi ki rachana manate haian.
• d aau. mataprasad gupt inhean terahavian, chaudahavian shatabdi ka manate haian. yah raso parampara hindi ke janm se poorv apabhransh mean vartaman thi tatha hindi ki utpatti ke sath sath gurjar sahity mean bhi vidyaman thi.
• pan. mohanalal vishnulal pandaya ne raso ke paksh samarthan mean is bat ki or dhyan dilaya ki raso ke sab sanvatoan mean, yatharth sanvatoan se 90-91 varsh ka aantar ek niyam se p data hai. unhoanne yah vichar upasthit kiya ki yah aantar bhool nahian hai, balki kisi karan se rakha gaya hai. isi dharana ko lie hue unhoanne raso ke is dohe ko pak da -

ekadas sai panchadah vikram sak anand.
tihi ripujay puraharan ko bhe prithiraj nariand
aur 'vikram sak anand' ka arth kiya a = shoony aur nand = 9 arthath 90 rahit vikram sanvath. ab kyoan ye 90 varsh ghatae ge, isaka ve koee upayukt karan nahian bata sake.

rachanaean

• apabhransh mean "muanjaras' tatha 'sandesh rasak' do rachanayean haian. inamean se 'muanjaras' anupalabdh hai. keval 'hemachandr' ke 'siddh hem' vyakaran granth mean tatha 'meru tuang' ke 'prabandh chintamani' mean isake kuchh chhand uddhrit kie gaye haian.
• d aau. mata prasad gupt 'muanjaras' ki rachana kal 1054 vi. aur 1197 vi. ke bich manate haian, kyoanki muanj ka samay 1007 vi. se 1054 vi. ka hai.
• 'sandesh rasak' ko vidvanoan ne 1207 vi. ki rachana mana hai. prithviraj raso ki tarah 'muanjaras' evan 'sandesh ras' bhi prabandh rachanayean haian. prithviraj raso dukhant rachana hai. visaladev raso sukhant rachana hai evan isi tarah 'sandesh ras' sukhant evan 'muanjaras' dukhant rachanayean haian.
• apabhransh kal ki ek aur rachana jindatt soori ka 'upadesh rasayan ras' hai. yah bhakti parak dharmik rachana hai. d aau. mata prasad gupt jinadatt soori ka svargavas san. 1295 vi. mean manate haian. atah rachana san. 1295 vi. ke kuchh poorv ki hi honi chahie. apabhrashan ki uparyukt rachanayean raso kavy ki mukhy pravrittiyoan ki poorn abhivyakti nahian karati.
• gurjar sahity mean likhi raso rachanayean akar mean chhoti haian. inake rachayita jain kavi the aur unhoanne inaki rachana jain dharm siddhantoan ke anusar ki.
• sarvapratham 'shalibhrad soori' ki 'bharateshvar bahubali ras' evan 'vaddhi ras' rachanayean upalabdh hoti hai. 'bharateshvar bahubali ras' rajasatta ke lie hua bharateshvar evan bahubali ka sangharsh hai jo jain tirthankar svami rrishabhadev ke putr the. isaki rachana vir ras mean huee hai. 'buddhi ras' shant ras mean likha gaya upadesh parak granth hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

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