काव्य

chitr:Disamb2.jpg kavy

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- kavy (bahuvikalpi)

kavy
'ramacharitamanas' (prabandh kavy)|200px|center
vivaran	'kavy' vah vaky rachana hai, jisase chitt kisi ras ya manoveg se poorn ho. arthath vah kala jisamean chune hue shabdoan ke dvara kalpana aur manovegoan ka prabhav dala jata hai.
shabdik arth	kavy ya kavita ka shabdik arth hai- "kavyatmak rachana ya kavi ki kriti, jo chhandoan ki shrriankhalaoan mean vidhivat baandhi jati hai."
prakar	kavy tin prakar ke kahe ge haian, 'dhvani', 'gunibhoot vyangy' aur 'chitr'.
sanbandhit lekh	khand kavy, kavita, mahakavy, prabodhak kavy, prabandh kavy
any janakari	hiandi kavy ya pady sahity ka itihas lagabhag 800 sal purana hai aur isaka praranbh terahavian shatabdi se samajha jata hai. har bhasha ki tarah hiandi kavita bhi pahale itivrittatmak thi, yani kisi kahani ko lay ke sath chhand mean baandh kar alankaroan se saja kar prastut kiya jata tha.

kavy athava kavita ya pady sahity ki vah vidha hai jisamean kisi kahani ya manobhav ko kalatmak roop se kisi bhasha ke dvara abhivyakt kiya jata hai. bharat mean kavita ka itihas aur kavita ka darshan bahut purana hai. isaka praranbh bharat muni se samajha ja sakata hai.

shabdik arth

kavy ya kavita ka shabdik arth hai kavyatmak rachana ya kavi ki kriti, jo chhandoan ki shrriankhalaoan mean vidhivat baandhi jati hai. kavy vah vaky rachana hai jisase chitt kisi ras ya manoveg se poorn ho. arthath vah kala jisamean chune hue shabdoan ke dvara kalpana aur manovegoan ka prabhav dala jata hai. 'rasagangadhar' mean 'ramaniy' arth ke pratipadak shabd ko 'kavy' kaha hai. 'arth ki ramaniyata' ke aantargat shabd ki ramaniyata (shabdalankar) bhi samajhakar log is lakshan ko svikar karate haian. par 'arth' ki 'ramaniyata' kee prakar ki ho sakati hai. isase yah lakshan bahut spasht nahian hai. 'sahity darpanakar' vishvanath ka lakshan hi sabase thik mana gaya hai. unake anusar 'rasatmak vaky hi kavy hai.' ras arthath manovegoan ka sukhad sanchar ki kavy ki atma hai.

itihas

hiandi kavy ya pady sahity ka itihas lagabhag 800 sal purana hai aur isaka praranbh terahavian shatabdi se samajha jata hai. har bhasha ki tarah hiandi kavita bhi pahale itivrittatmak thi, yani kisi kahani ko lay ke sath chhand mean baandh kar alankaroan se saja kar prastut kiya jata tha. bharatiy sahity ke sabhi prachin granth kavita mean hi likhe ge haian. isaka vishesh karan yah tha ki lay aur chhand ke karan kavita ko yad kar lena asan tha. jis samay chhapekhane ka avishkar nahian hua tha aur dastavezoan ki anek pratiyaan banana asan nahian tha us samay mahattvapoorn batoan ko yad rakh lene ka yah sarvottam sadhan tha. yahi karan hai ki us samay sahity ke sath sath rajaniti, vijnan aur ayurved ko bhi pady (kavita) mean hi likha gaya. bharat ki prachinatam kavitaean sanskrit bhasha mean rrigved mean haian jinamean prakriti ki prashasti mean likhe ge chhandoan ka suandar sankalan haian. jivan ke anek any vishayoan ko bhi in kavitaoan mean sthan mila hai.

kavy ke prakar

kavy tin prakar ke kahe ge haian, dhvani, gunibhoot vyangy aur chitr.

• dhvani vah hai jisamean shabdoan se nikale hue arth (vachy) ki apeksha chhipa hua abhipray (vyangy) pradhan ho.
• gunibhoot vyangy vah hai jisamean vyangy arth agoodh ban jae to dhvanikavy nahian rahata, gunobhoot vyangy ya madhyam kavy vah ho jata hai.
• chitr ya alankar vah hai jisamean bina vyangy ke chamatkar ho. in tinoan ko kramashah uttam, madhyam, aur adham bhi kahate haian.
  

kavyaprakashakar ka jor chhipe hue bhav par adhik jan p data hai, ras ke udrek par nahian. kavy do prakar ka mana gaya hai, drishy aur shravy. drishy kavy vah hai jo abhinay dvara dikhalaya jay, jaise, natak, prahasan adi. jo padhane aur sunane yogy ho, vah shravy hai. shravy kavy do prakar ka hota hai, gady aur pady. pady kavy ke mahakavy aur khandakavy do bhed kahe ja chuke haian. gady kavy ke bhi do bhed kie ge haian. katha aur akhyayika. chanpoo, virud aur karanbhak tin prakar ke kavy aur mane ge hai.

pady kavy ke bhed

kavy ke do bhed kie ge haian-

1. mahakavy
2. khand kavy

mahakavy

[[chitr:Kamayani.jpg|thumb|kamayani (pady kavy)]]

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

mahakavy sargabaddh aur usaka nayak koee devata, raja ya dhirodatt guann sanpann kshatriy hona chahie. usamean shrriangar, vir ya shaant rasoan mean se koee ras pradhan hona chahie. bich bich mean karuna; hasy ityadi aur ras tatha aur aur logoan ke prasang bhi ane chahie. kam se kam ath sarg hone chahie. mahakavy mean sandhya, soory, chandr, ratri, prabhat, mrigaya, parvat, van, rritu sagar, sanyog, vipralanbh, muni, pur, yajn, ranaprayan, vivah adi ka yathasthan sannivesh hona chahie.

khand kavy

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

khand kavy mean mukhy charitr ki kisi ek pramukh visheshata ka chitran hone ke karan adhik vividhata aur vistar nahian hota. muktak kavy mean katha-sootr avashyak nahian hai. isalie usamean ghatana aur charitr ke anivary prasang mean bhav-yojana nahian hoti. vah kisi bhav-vishesh ko adhar bana kar ki gee svatantr rachana hai. hiandi sahity mean khandakavy prabandh kavy ka ek roop hai.

shaili ke anusar kavy ke bhed

shaili ke anusar kavy ke tin bhed haian-

1. pady kavy- isamean kisi katha ka varnan kavy mean kiya jata hai, jaise jayashankar prasad ka kamayani .
2. gady kavy- isamean kisi katha ka varnan gady mean kiya jata hai, jaise raviandranath taigor ki gitaanjali. gady mean kavy rachana karane ke lie kavi ko chhand shastr ke niyamoan se svachchhandata prapt hoti hai.
3. chanpoo kavy- isamean gady aur pady donoan ka samavesh hota hai. maithilisharan gupt ki 'yashodhara' chanpoo kavy hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• bharatiy kavy shastr ki bhoomika (googal buks)
• kavyashastr ke manadand (googal buks)