हास्य रस

hasy ras ka sthayi bhav has hai. ‘sahityadarpan’ mean kaha gaya hai - "bagadivaikritaishchetovikaso has ishyate", arthat vani, roop adi ke vikaroan ko dekhakar chitt ka vikasit hona ‘has’ kaha jata hai.

• panditaraj ka kathan hai - 'jisaki, vani evan aangoan ke vikaroan ko dekhane adi se, utpatti hoti hai aur jisaka nam khil jana hai, use ‘has’ kahate haian."
• bharatamuni ne kaha hai ki doosaroan ki cheshta se anukaran se ‘has’ utpann hota hai, tatha yah smit, has evan atihasit ke dvara vyanjit hota hai "smitahasatihasitairabhiney:." bharat ne trividh has ka jo ullekh kiya hai, use ‘has’ sthayi ke bhed nahian samajhana chahie.
• keshavadas ne char prakar ke has ka ullekh kiya hai -

1. mandahas,
2. kalahas,
3. atihas evan
4. parihas

• any sahityashastriyoan ne chh: prakar ka has bataye hai -

1. smit
2. hasit,
3. vihasit
4. upahasit,
5. apahasit
6. atihasit.

• ‘hariaudh’ ke anusar -

1. jab netroan tatha kapoloan par kuchh vikas ho tatha adhar aranjit hoan, tab smit hota hai.
2. yadi netroan evan kapoloan ke vikas ke sath daant bhi dikh p dean to hasit hota hai.
3. netroan aur kapoloan ke vikas ke sath daant dikhate hue jab aranjit mukh se kuchh madhur shabd bhi nikalean, tab vihasit hota hai,
4. vihasit ke lakshanoan ke sath jab sir aur kandhe kanpane lagean, nak phool jae tatha chitavan tirachhi ho jae, tab upahasit hota hai.
5. aansoo tapakate hue uddhat has ko upahasit tatha aansoo bahate hue tali dekar ooanche svar se thahaka marakar hansane ko 'atihasit’ kahate haian. *vastav mean inhean has sthayi ke bhed manana yuktisangat nahian hai. jaisa ‘hariodh’ ne kaha hai, sabhi sthayi bhav vasana svaroop haian. atev ant:karan mean unaka sthan hai, sharir mean nahian. smitahasitadi sharir se sambaddh vyapar hai. atev ye hasan kriya ke hi bhed haian. ashru, harsh, kamp, sved, chapalata ityadi ‘has’ sthayi ke sath sahachar karane vale vyabhichari bhav haian. udaharan -

"maian yah tohian mai lakhi bhagati apoorab bal. lahi prasad mala ju bhau tanu kadamb ki mal." premi dvara sparsh ki huee mal ke dharan karane se nayika ke romaanchit ho jane par nayikaoan ke prati sakhi ke is vinod mean ‘has’ bhav ki vyanjana hai, has sthayi prasphutit nahian hai.

rasoan mean hasy ras

hasy ras nav rasoan ke antargat svabhavat: sabase adhik sukhatmak ras pratit hota hai, par bharatamuni ke ‘natyashastr’ ke anusar yah char uparasoan ki koti mean ata hai. isaki utpatti shrriangar ras se mani gee hai. isako spasht karate hue bharat ne age likha hai ki vah shrriangar ki anukriti hai - "shrriangaranukritiyaan tu s hasy iti sanshit:." yadyapi hasy shrriangar se utpann kaha gaya hai, par usaka varn shrriangar ras ke ‘shyam’ varn ke viparit ‘sit’ bataya gaya hai - "sito hasy: prakirtit:." isi prakar hasy ke devata bhi shrriangar ke devata vishnu se bhinn shaiv ‘pratham’ arthath shivagan hai. yatha - "hasy prathamadevat:."

hasy ras ka sthayi bhav

• hasy ras ka sthayi bhav has aur vibhav achar, vyavahar, keshavinyas, nam tatha arth adi ki vikriti hai, jisamean vikritadevalankar ‘dhashtary’ laulh, kalah, asatpralap, vyangyadarshan, doshodaharan adi ki ganana ki gayi hai. oshth-danshan, nasa-kapol spandan, aankhoan ke siku dane, sved, parshvagrahan adi anubhavoan ke dvara isake abhinay ka nirdesh kiya gaya hai, tatha vyabhichari bhav alasy, avahity (apana bhav chhipana), tandra, nindra, svapn, prabodh, asooya (eershya, ninda-mishrit) adi mane gaye haian.
• sahachary bhav se hasy ras shrriangar, vir aur adbhut ras ka poshak hai. shant ke bhi anukool nahian hai. adhunik sahity mean hasy ke jo roop vikasit hue haian, un par bahut kuchh yooropiy chintan aur sahity ka prabhav hai. ve sab n to shrriangar se udbhoot mane ja sakate haian, aur n ‘natyashastr’ ki vyavastha ke anusar sahachar rasoan ke poshak hi kahe ja sakate haian.
• hasy ki utpatti ke mool karan ke sambandh mean bhi paryapt matabhed milata hai. prachin bharatiy acharyoan ne use ‘rag’ se utpann mana hai. par frayad adi adhunik manovaijnanik usake mool mean ‘dvesh’ ki bhavana ka pradhany manate haian. yooropiy darshanikoan ne any svatantr mat vyakt kie haian.
• sharadatanay ne rajogun ke abhav aur sattv gun ke avirbhav se hasy ki sambhavana batayi hai, aur use priti par adharit ek chitt vikar ke roop mean prastut kiya hai. ".....s shrriangar itirit:. tasmadev rajohinatsamatvaddhasyasambhav:."
• abhinavagupt ne sabhi rasoan ke abhas (rasabhas) se hasy ki utpatti mani hai - "ten karunadyavaseshvapi hasyatvan sarveshu mantavyamh." is prakar karun, bibhats adi rasoan se bhi vishesh paristhiti mean hasy ki srishti ho sakati hai. ‘karunoapi hasy eveti’ kahakar achary ne ise manyata bhi di hai. vikriti ke sath-sath anauchity ko bhi isilie utpadak karan bataya gaya hai. anauchity anek prakar ka ho sakata hai. ashishtata aur vaiparitv bhi unaki sima mean ate haian.

hasy ras ke bhed

hasy ras ke bhed kee adharoan se kiye gaye haian. ek adhar hai hasy ka ashray. jab koee svayan hase to vah ‘atmasy’ hasy hoga, par jab vah doosare ko hansaye to use ‘parasth’ hasy kaha jayega. kadachith ‘atmasamutth’ aur ‘parasamutth’ bhi inhian ko kaha jayega. ‘natyashastr’ mean gadyabhag mean pahale shabd yugm ka prayog hua hai aur shlok mean doosare ka.

• jagannath ne in bhedoan ko svikar to kiya hai, par vyakhya svatantr riti se ki hai. unake anusar atmasy hasy sidhe vibhavoan se utpann hota hai aur parasy hasy hansate hue vyakti ya vyaktiyoan ko dekhane se upajata hai. inake atirikt bhav ke vikas ka kram athava usak taratamy ko bhi adhar manakar hasy ke chh: bhed kiye gay haian, jo adhik vikhyat haian. inako prakriti ki drishti se uttam, madhyam aur adham in tin kotiyoan mean nimnalikhit kram se rakha gaya hai -

1. uttam
   1. smit,
   2. hasit.
2. madhyam
   1. vihasit,
   2. upahasit
3. adham
   1. apahasit,
   2. atahasit.

"smitamath hasitan vihasitamupahasitan chapahasit-matihasitamh. dvau-dvau bhedau syatamuttamadhyamadhamaprakritau."

• bharat ne n keval yah vibhajan hi prastut kiya hai, varanh usaki samyak vyakhya bhi ki hai, jisase pratyek bhed ki visheshataean tatha bhedoan ka parasparik antar spasht ho jata hai.
• ‘natyashastr’ tak ke anusar smit hasy mean kapoloan ke nichale bhag par hansi ki halaki chhaya rahati hai. kataksh-saushthav samanvit rahate haian tatha daant nahian jhalakate. hasit mean mukh-netr adhik utphul ho jate haian, kapoloan par hasy prakat rahata hai tatha daant bhi kuchh-kuchh dikh jate haian. aankhoan aur kapoloan ka akuanchit hona, madhur svar ke sath samayanusar mukh par lalima ka jhalak jana vihasit ka lakshan hai. upahasit mean nak phool jana, drishti mean kutilata a jana tatha kandhe aur sir ka sankuchit ho jana avashyak mana gaya hai. asamay par hansana, hansate hue aankhoan mean aansuoan ka a jana tatha kandhe aur sir ka hilane lagana apahasit ki visheshata hai. netroan mean tivrata se aansoo a jana, uddhat chillahat ka svar hona tatha hathoan se bagal ko daba lena antim bhed atihasit ka lakshan bataya gaya hai. in bhedoan ko mukhyataya anubhavoan ke adhar par kalpit kiya gaya hai. at: inhean sharirik hi mana gaya hai, manasik kam. yah avashy hai ki anubhav manobhavoan ke anuroop hi prakat hote haian aur unase antarik manasik dasha parilakshit hoti hai.
• kuchh sanskrit acharyoan ne in chh: bhedoan mean ‘atm’ aur ‘par’ ka bhed dikhate hue pahale tin bhedoan ko ‘atmasamutth’ aur antim tinoan ko ‘parasamutth’ bataya hai, par is taratamy-moolak vibhajan ka adhar uttarottar vikas hi hai. at: isamean atm aur par ka antar karana anupayukt pratit hota hai.
• bhanudatt ne karun aur vibhats ki tarah hasy ke bhi ‘atmanishth’ aur ‘paranishth’ bhed kiye haian, jo spashtataya bharat ke atmasth aur parasth ke samanantar haian.
• hindi ke svatantr acharyoan mean keshavadas ne hasy ke madahas, kalahas adi keval char svatantr bhedoan ka ullekh kiya hai, jin par natyashastraukt bhedoan ki gahari chhaya hai, par kuchh antar bhi dikhaee deta hai. atev keshav ka vibhajan lakshan sahit ullekhaniy hai -

"vikasahian nayan kapol kachhu dasan-dasan ke vas. ‘madahas’ tasoan kahai kobid kesavadas. jahan sunie kal dhvani kachhoo komal bimal vilas. kesav tan-man mohiye varanat kavi ‘kalahas’. jahaan hansahian nirasank hai pragatahi sukh mukh vas. adhe-adhe baran par upaji parat ‘atihas’. jahan parijan sav hansi uthean taji dampati ki kani. kesav kaunahuan buddhibal so ‘parihas’ bakhani." keshav ke pahale tin bhed to bharat ke bhedoan ke samanantar aur bhav ke vikas kram par adharit hai, jisamean nayak-nayika ki priti parijanoan ke parihas ka karan ban jae. keshav ke atirikt any ritikalin kavyacharyoan mean hasy ras ka chintamani ne sabase adhik saangopaang vivaran prastut kiya hai, jo ‘sahityadarpan’ mean diye gaye vivaran ka padyanuvadamatr hai. ‘rasanivas’ ke rachayita ram sianh ne hasy ras ka sthayi bhav ‘hansana’ mana hai.

• smit, hasit adi natyashastr mean prapt poorvokt chh: bhed nahian ho sakate, par kuchh logoan ne unhean sthayi bhav ka bhed bhi mana hai, jisaka khandan karate hue adhunik vivechak ‘hariaudh’ ne likha hai - ‘kisi-kisi ne sthayi bhav has ke chh: bhed mane haian. yah yuktisangat nahian. sabhi sthayi bhav vasanaroop haian. atev ant:karan mean unaka sthan hai, sharir mean nahian. smit, hasit, vihasit, avahasit, upahasit aur atihasit ke nam aur lakshan batate haian ki unaka nivas sthan deh hai. atev ye hasanakriya ke bhed haian.
• apane rimajhim namak hasy ekaanki sangrah ki bhoomika mean ramakumar varma ne in chh: bhedoan ke sath ‘atmasth’ - ‘parasth’ ka gunan karake barah bhed man lie haian, jisaka adhar ‘natyashastr’ mean hi mil jata hai.
• ramakumar varma ne pashchaty sahity mean upalabdh hasy ke paanch mukhy roop manate hue unaki paribhasha is prakar se ki hai -

saitayar (vikriti) -

akraman karane ki drishti se vastusthiti ko vikrit kar usase hasy utpann karana,

kairikechar (viroop ka atiranjana) -

kisi bhi jnat vastu ya paristhiti ko anupat rahit badhakar ya girakar hasy utpann karana.

pairodi (parihas) -

udatt manobhavoan ko anudatt sandarbh se jo dakar hasy utpann karana.

airani (vyangy) -

kisi vaky ko kahakar usaka doosara hi arth nikalana.

vit (vachan vaidagdhy) -

shabdoan tatha vicharoan ka chamatkarapoorn prayog.

• frayad ne ise do prakar ka mana hai - sahaj chamatkar aur pravritti chamatkar. sahaj chamatkar mean vinodamatr rahata hai. sahity ki adhunik pravrittiyoan ko drishti mean rakhakar unhoanne apani or se paanch svatantr bhedoan ki sthapana ki, jinamean se pratyek mean do-do upabhed karake kuchh das prakaroan mean hasy ras ke pray: samast prachalit svaroopoan ko samavisht karane ka prayas kiya hai-
• is vibhajan vargikaran ke sambandh mean lekhak ki apani dharana hai ki - "is bhaanti hasy sahaj vinod se chalakar kramash: drishti, bhav, dhvani aur buddhi mean nana roop grahan karata hua vikriti mean samapt hota hai."
• hasy ras ko lekar usako vibhajit aur vargikrit karane ka oohapoh svatantr vivechan ki apeksha rakhata hai. kuchh batoan par saralata se apatti ki ja sakati hai, jaise vinod aur byajokti jo ‘vit’ ke roop mane gaye haian, unhean buddhi vikar se alag manana aur ‘sahaj’ tatha ‘dhvani-vikar’ namak vargoan mean rakhana.
• vakrokti bhi kavyashastr mean do prakar ki mani gee hai -

1. shlesh
2. kaku.

dhvanivikar ke antargat keval kakuvakrokti hi a sakati hai, shleshavakrokti nahian. shlesh ya shleshavakrokti par adharit hasy ko bhi kisi n kisi varg mean samavisht kiya jana chahie tha. isi prakar ‘byajokti’, jo vachyarth ka hi ek roop hai, ‘dhvanivikar’ ke antargt nahian rakhi ja sakati, kyoanki dhvanigat vikar usaka adhar nahian hai, n usake lie anivary hi haian.

pradhan ras

hasy ras un pradhan rasoan mean hai, jinake adhar par natyasahity mean svatantr natyaroopoan ki kalpana huee. roopak ke das bhedoan mean bhan aur prahasan nyoonadhik hasy ras se sambaddh haian. prahasan mean to hasy ras hi pradhan hai. bharatendu ke ‘vedi ki hiansa hiansa n bhavati’ tatha ‘vishasy vishamaushadhamh’ namak prahasan sanskrit natyashastr ke adarsh par hi rache gaye. sanskrit natakoan mean hasy ras ki, srishti karane ke lie vidooshak ki alag se yojana milati hai, jis parampara ka nirvah ‘prasad’ ke ‘skandagupt’ jaise anek hindi natakoan tak vyapt milata hai. sheksapiyar ke sukhant natakoan mean bhi vidooshak ki yojana ki gayi hai. vastut: vidooshak ki kalpana madhyakalin samanti jivan aur sanskaroan ki upaj hai. adhunik natyasahity mean hasy aur vyangy ke lie aise kisi svatantr bhav ki srishti avashyak nahian hai. jivan ke svabhavik kram mean any manobhavoan ke sath hi hasy ka bhi sahaj roop mean samavesh apekshit mana jata hai.

hasy ras ka niroopan

hindi kavy sahity mean bhi hasy ras ka niroopan bahut samay tak sanskrit sahity ke adarsh par hota raha. ritikalin kavita mean bahudha ashrayadataoan athava danadataoan ke prati katu vyangyoktiyaan ki gee haian. jinhean hasy ras ke antargat mana jata hai. beni kavi ke ‘bh daua’ is kshetr mean vishesh prasiddh haian. aise ‘bh daua’ ka ek sangrah ‘vichitropradesh’ nam se prakashit karaya gaya tha. is prakar ki rachanaean hasy ka udaharan hi prastut karati haian. idhar aangrezi ‘pairodi’ ya vidambana kavy ki ek svatantr dhara ka vikas pashchaty sahity ke prabhav se hua hai. urdoo kavi akabar ka prabhav hindi ke arvachin kavy par vishesh p da hai. ‘bedhab’ banarasi adi ki rachanaean isaka udaharan haian.

gadyasahity mean hasy ras

gadyasahity mean bharatendu kal se hi hasy ras ki rachanaean hone lagian, par unaka kshetr adhikatar natak hi raha. dvivedi kal mean vyangyapoorn lekhoan ki bharatendu yugin parampara vishesh vikasit huee. ‘doobeji ka chittha’ adi isi ke udaharan haian. upanyasoan ke kshetr mean ji. pi. shrivastav ko vishesh khyati prapt huee, par ‘latakhorilal’ ‘lambi dadhi’ adi anek upanyasoan mean kutrimata ki matra bahut adhik hai. amritalal nagar, ‘shiksharthi, keshavachandr varma tatha any anek naye lekhak shisht hasy ke vikas mean vishesh tatpar hai. aise lekhakoan mean svargiy annapoornachandr ka bhi nam vishesh ullekhaniy hai. mukhyataya hasy ras ko lekar ‘nauank-jhauank’, ‘muskan’ aur ‘tuang-shrriang’ adi kee patrikaean prakashit hoti rahi haian. par yah saty hai ki hindi ka adhikatar hasy sahity ab tak aparipakv hai.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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