भयानक रस

bhayanak ras hindi kavy mean many nau rasoan mean se ek hai. bhanudatt ke anusar, ‘bhay ka pariposh’ athava ‘sampoorn indriyoan ka vikshobh’ bhayanak ras hai. arthath bhayotpadak vastuoan ke darshan ya shravan se athava shatru ityadi ke vidrohapoorn acharan se hai, tab vahaan bhayanak ras hota hai. hindi ke achary somanath ne ‘rasapiyooshanidhi’ mean bhayanak ras ki nimn paribhasha di hai-

‘suni kavitt mean vyangi bhay jab hi paragat hoy. tahian bhayanak ras barani kahai sabai kavi loy’.

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varn tatha devata

bharatamuni ne isaka rang kala tatha devata kaladev ko bataya hai. bhanudatt ke anusar isaka varn shyam aur devata yam haian. ‘natyashastr’ mean bhayanak ras ko pradhan rasoan mean n pariganit kar, bibhats ras se utpann bataya hai. bibhats ras ka sthayi bhav 'jugutsa' hai. apriy vastu ke darshan, sparshan athava smaran se utpann ghrina ka bhav jugutsa kahalata hai. aparadh, vikrit rav athava vikrit prani se utpann manovikar bhay kaha gaya hai.

utpatti

bharat ne bibhats ke darshan se bhayanak ki utpatti mani hai. lekin adhunik manovijnan ne bhay evan jugutsa, donoan ko pravritti prerit pradhan bhavoan mean ginaya hai. vastav mean bhayanak ko bibhats se utpann utpann batane ka koee samichin manovaijnanik adhar pratit nahian hota. apitu bhay ghrina ki tulana mean adhik adim manovritti pratit hota hai. nritattvavidoan ne manav vikas ka adhyayan karate hue bhay ko manavi sanskriti ke ek bahut b de bhag ka pradhan karan siddh kiya hai.

bharat ne bhayanak ke karanoan mean vikrit shabd vale praniyoan ka darshan, gid d, ulook, vyakulata, khali ghar, van pradesh, maran, sambandhiyoan ki mrityu ya bandhan ka darshan, shravan ya kathan ityadi ko nirdisht kiya hai. jabaki bibhats ke vibhavoan mean amanohar tatha apriy ka darshan, anishta ka shravan, darshan ya kathan ityadi ko pariganit kiya hai. is ullekh se hi spasht hota hai ki bhay ke udrek ke lie, jugutsa ki apeksha, adhik avasar tatha paristhitiyaan upalabdh haian. arthath bhay ka kshetr jugutsa ki tulana mean adhik vyapak hai, aur isilie bhay jugutsa ki apeksha adhik shaktishali manovikar siddh hota hai. pun: bhay ke mool mean sanrakshan ki pravritti karyashil hoti hai. pranimatr mean yah vartaman rahata hai tatha man par isaka sarvadhik prabhav p data hai. atev bhayanak ras ko bibhats se utpann batana yuktisangat pratit nahian hota.

‘sahityadarpan’ mean bhayanak ras ko ‘strinichaprakriti:’ kaha gaya hai. isaka abhipray yah hai ki is ras ke ashray stri, nich prakriti vale vyakti, balak tatha koee bhi katar prani hote haian-‘bhayanako bhavenneta bal: strikatar: pun:’. aparadh karane vala vyakti bhi apane aparadh ke jnan se bhayabhit hota hai. bhayanak ke alamban vyaghr ityadi hiansak jiv, shatru, nirjan pradesh, svayan kiya gaya aparadh ityadi haian. shatru ki cheshtaean, asahayata uddipan haian tatha sved, vivarnata, kamp, ashru, romaanch ityadi anubhav haian. tras, moh, jugutsa, dainy, sankat, apasmar, chinta, aveg ityadi usake vyabhichari bhav haian.

kulapati ka varnan

hindi ke achary kulapati ne in sabhi upadanoan ko ekatr sametakar bhayanak ras ka is prakar varnan kiya hai-

'bagh byal vikaral ran, soono ban grih dekh.
je ravar aparadh puni, bhay vibhav yah lekh.
kamp rom prasved puni, yah anubhav bakhani.
moh moorachha dinata, yah sanchari jani.'

bhed

bhanudatt ne ‘rasatarangini’ mean bhayanak ras ke do bhed kiye haian-

1. svanishth
2. paranishth

svanishth bhayanak vahaan hota hai, jahaan bhay ka alamban svayan ashray mean rahata hai aur paranishth bhayanak vahaan hota hai, jahaan bhay ka alamban ashray mean vartaman n hokar usase bahar, prithakh hota hai, arthath ashray svayan apane kiye aparadh se hi darata hai. udaharan-

'kartavy apana is samay hota n mujhako jnat hai. kururaj chintagrast mera jal raha sab gat hai.'

atev mujhako abhay dekar ap rakshit kijie. ya parth-pran karane viphal anyatr jane dijie’.

apane vadh ke lie arjun ki pratijna sunakar jayadrath ne yah vachan duryodhan se kahe haian. abhimanyu ka aparadh alamban hai, arjun ka pran uddipan hai, tras ityadi sanchari haian tatha jayadrath ka chintit hona anubhav hai. in upadanoan se pusht hokar bhay sthayi bhayanak ras ki nishpatti mean samarth hua hai. paranishth bhayanak ras ka udaharan-

'ek or ajagarahi lakhi, ek or mrigaray. bikal batohi bich hi, parayau moorachha khay.'

yahaan ajagar aur sianh alamban haian. un donoan jivoan ki bhayanak akriti tatha cheshtaean uddipan haian, sved, kamp, romaanch adi sanchari haian aur moorchchha, vikalata adi anubhav haian. in sabase bhay sthayi pusht hokar bhayanak ras ki pratiti karata hai.

kahian-kahian bhay sthayi hone par bhi bhayanak ras nahian hota hai. kyoanki vahaan kavi ka abhisht kuchh aur bhi hota hai, yatha-

'soovani saji padhavatu hai nij phauj lakhe marahatthan keri.
aurang apuni dugg jamati bilokat terie phauj dareri.
sahi-tanai sivasahi bhee bhani bhooshan yoan tuv dhak ghaneri.
ratahu dyos dilis takai tuv sen ki soorati soorati gheri'.

yahaan shivaji alamban, unake parakram ka smaran uddipan, aurangazeb ko apani hi sena mean shivaji ki sena ka bhram hona anubhav tatha chinta, tras ityadi sanchari haian. in sabhi avayavoan se bhay sthayi ki abhivyakti hoti hai. parantu kavi ka abhisht yahaan shivaji ki prashansa karana hai. atev yahaan bhay ‘rajavishayak ratibhav’ mean mil gaya hai aur gaun ban gaya hai. isilie yahaan bhayanak ras ki nishpatti nahian mani jayegi.

varnan

bhayanak ras ka shrriangar, vir, raudr, hasy evan shant ras ke sath virodh bataya gaya hai. viragathatmak rasoan granthoan mean yuddh, ran, prayan, vijay adi avasaroan par bhayanak ras ka sundar varnan milata hai. ‘ramacharitamanas’ mean lankakand mean bhayanak ke prabhavashil chitr aankit haian. hanuman dvara lankadahan ka prasang bhayanak ras ki pratiti ke lie pathaniy hai. riti kalin vir kavyoan mean bhi bhay ka sanchar karane vale anek prasang haian. bhooshan ki rachanaean is sambandh mean vishesh mahattvapoorn haian.

lekhakoan dvara prayog

bharatendu dvara pranit ‘saty harishchandr’ natak mean shmashan varnan ke prasang mean bhayanak ras ka sajiv pratiphalan hua hai. is sambandh mean "rurua chahuan disi rarat darat sunikai nar-nari" se prarambh hone vala pady-khand drashtavy hai. vartaman kal mean maithilisharan gupt, shyamanarayan paandey, ‘dinakar’ ityadi ki vividh rachanaoan mean bhayanak ras ka ullekhy prayog hua hai. chhayavadi kavy ki prakriti ke yah ras pratikool hai, parantu navin kavy mean vaichitry ke sath yatr-tatr isaki bhi jhalak milati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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