विप्रलम्भ श्रृंगार

vipralambh shrriangar aur sanyog shrriangar donoan shrriangar ras ke prakar haian.

paribhasha

bhojaraj ne viprarlabh-shrriangar ki yah paribhasha di hai-‘jahaan rati namak bhav prakarsh ko prapt kare, lekin abhisht ko n pa sake, vahaan viprarlabh-shrriangar kaha jata hai’^[1]. bhanudatt ka kathan hai-‘yuva aur yuvati ki paraspar mudit panchendriyoan ke parasparik sambandh ka abhav athava abhisht aprapti vipralambh hai’^[2]. ‘sahityadarpan’ mean bhojaraj ki paribhasha duharaee gee hai-‘yatr tu rati: prakrishta nabhishtamupaiti vipralambhoasau’^[3]. in kathanoan mean abhisht ka abhipray nayak ya nayika se hai. ukt acharyoan ne abhisht ki aprapti hi vipralambh ki nishpatti ke lie avashyak mani hai. lekin panditaraj ne prem ki vartamanata ko pradhanata di hai. unake anusar yadi nayak-nayika mean viyogadasha mean prem ho to, vahaan vipralambh shrriangar hota hai. unaka kathan hai ki viyog ka arth hai yah jnan ki ‘maian bichhu da hooan’, arthath is tarkana se viyog mean bhi manasik sanyog sampann hone par vipralambh nahian mana jayega. svapn-samagam hone par viyogi bhi sanyog mana jata hai.

vibhinn kaviyoan ke vichar

hindi ke acharyoan mean keshav tatha somanath ne ‘rasagangadhar’ ki paribhasha apanayi hai tatha chintamani aur bhikharidas ‘sahityadarpan’ se prabhavit haian.

keshav-

‘bichhurat pritam ki pritima, hot ju ras tihian thaur.
vipralambh tasoan kahai, kesav kavi siramaur’.

somanath-

‘pritam ke bichhurani vishai jo ras upajat ai.
vipralambh siangar so kahat sakal kavirai’.

chintamani-

‘jahaan milai nahian nari aru purush su varanh viyog’.

bhikhari-

‘jahan dampatti ke milan bin, hot bitha vistar.
upajat antar bhav bahu, so viyog shrriangar’.

vipralambh ke prakar

vipralambh ke kee prakar se bhed kiye ge haian. bhoj ne ‘sarasvatikanthabharan’ mean poorvanurag, man, pravas evan karun, ye char bhed kahe haian. paravarti acharyoan mean vishvanath ne inhian bhedoan ka kathan kiya hai. lekin mammat ne vipralambh ke paanch prakar bataye haian-abhilashahetuk, virasahetuk, eershyahetuk, pravasahetuk tatha shapahetuk. bhanudatt aur panditaraj ne mammat ke bhedoan ko hi svikar kiya hai. hindi ke acharyoan mean keshav, dev, bhikhari ityadi ne ‘sahityadarpan’ ka hi anusaran kiya hai. navin vidvanoan mean kanhaiyalal poddar ne ‘kavyaprakash’ ka tatha ramadahin mishr ne ‘sahityadarpan’ ka vargikaran svikar kiya hai. ‘hariaudh’ poorvanurag, man aur pravas, tin hi bhed svikar karate haian. matiram ne bhi ‘rasaraj’ mean ye hi tin bhed mane haian.

tin bhed

dhananjay ne shrriangar ke tin bhed batae haian-ayog, viprayog tatha sambhog. inamean ayog aur viprayog vipralambh ke antargat ate haian. ayog ka arth hai, nahian mil pana aur viprayog ka arth hai, milakar alag ho jana. lakshan ke anusar ayog poorvanugrah ke samakaksh hai. kabhi-kabhi viprayog aur vipralambh paryay jaise bhi samajhe jate haian. milan athava samagam se poorv hriday mean jo anurag ka avirbhav hota hai, use poorvarag ya poorvanurag kaha jata hai. isake char marg ya vidhiyaan haian-pratyaksh darshan, chitr darshan, shravan darshan evan svapn darshan. inamean priyamoorti ke bhinn-bhinn prakar se darshan hone ka vidhan hai. poorvanurag ko niyog bhi kahate haian. kaviraj vishvanath ke anusar poorvanurag tin prakar ka hota hai-nilirag, jo bahari chamak-damak to adhik n dikhaye, kintu hriday se kabhi door n ho; kusumbharag, jo shobhit adhik ho, kintu jata rahe aur manjishtharag, jo shobhit bhi ho aur sath hi kabhi nasht bhi n ho.

pranayaman aur eershyaman

priyaparadhajanit kop ko man kahate haian. isake bhi do bhed hote haian-pranayaman aur eershyaman. donoan ke hriday mean bharapoor prem hone par bhi jab priy-priya ek-doosare se kupit hoan, tab pranayaman hota hai. isaka samadhan yah kahakar kiya gaya hai ki prem ki gati kutil hoti hai, yadyapi manovaijnanik drishti se aisa man nayak-nayika parasparik anuran ki pushti hetu karate haian. yadi yah man anunay-vinay samay tak n thahar sake, to ise vipralambh shrriangar n samajhakar ‘sambhogasanchari’ namak bhav manana chahie. pati ki any nari mean asakti dekhane, anuman karane ya kisi se sun lene par striyoan dvara kiya gaya man ‘eershyaman’ kahalata hai. nivritti ke anusar eershyaman ke bhi tin bhed kahe gaye haian-laghu man, madhyam man aur guru man.

pravas

nayak-nayika mean se ek ka paradesh mean hona pravas kahalata hai. yah pravas karyavash, shapavash athava bhayavash, tin karanoan se hota hai. pravas-viyog mean nayika ke sharir aur vastr mean malinata, sir mean ek sadharan veni evan ni:shvas-uchchhavas, rodan, bhoomipatan ityadi hote haian. shapaj (shapahetuk) viyog ka prasiddh udaharan kalidas ka meghadoot hai, jisamean kuber ke shap ke karan yaksh apani patni se viyukt ho gaya hai tatha megh ko doot banakar apana marmadravak pranay sandesh priya ke pas bhejata hai.

karun vipralambh

nayak-nayika mean se ek ke mar jane par doosara jo dukhi hota hai, use karun-vipralambh kahate haian. lekin vipralambh tabhi mana jayega, jab paralokagat vyakti ke isi janm mean isi deh se pun: milane ki asha bani rahe. yadi priyamilan ki asha sarvatha nasht ho jae, to vahaan sthayi bhav shok hone se karun ras hoga, karun-vipralambh-shrriangar nahian. ‘raghuvansh’ mean indumati ke mar jane par maharaj aj ka prasiddh vilap karun ras hi hai, karun-vipralambh-shrriangar nahian. kadambari mean purandarik ke mar jane par mahashveta ko karun ras ki hi anubhooti huee, lekin akashavani sunane par priyamilan ki asha aankurit hone ke bad se ‘karun-vipralambh’ mana jata hai. vaisi dasha mean bhi, jahaan priy se milane ki asha nasht ho gee hai, lekin priy jivit hai tatha milan ki bhautik sambhavana sarvatha vilupt nahian huee hai, karun-vipralambh mana jayega. ‘soorasagar’ mean krishna ke braj se chale jane ke uparant gopiyoan ki viyoganubhooti karun-vipralambh hi hai.
mammat ke panchavidh vipralambh aur vishvanath ke chaturvidh vipralambh mean koee maulik bhed nahian hai. mammat ka abhilashahetuk viyog ‘sahityadarpan’ ka poorvanurag hi hai, yadyapi samany kavyanuragiyoan mean ‘poorvarag’ ya ‘poorvanurag’ shabd adhik lokapriy haian. ‘eershyahetuk’ ka sambandh man se hai. pravas evan shap, donoan vargikaranoan mean saman hai. karun-vipralambh pravasahetuk viyog ke bhitar sannivisht kiya ja sakata hai. mammat ka virahahetuk vipralambh avashy ek sundar soojh hai. samip rahane par bhi gurujanoan ki lajja adi ke karan samagam n ho, to vah virahahetuk viyog mana jayega. isake atyant marmasparshi udaharan haian-

‘dekhai banai n dekhatai anadekhai akulahian.
in dukhiya aankhiyanukau sukhu sirajyauee nahian’.

kam dashaean

viyog se sambandhit das kam-dashaean bhi mani gee haian-abhilash, chinta, smriti, gunakathan, udveg, pralap, unmad vyadhi, j data aur mriti ya maran. kitane hi log nau kam-dashaean manate haian, maran ki nahian. kitane moorchchha ko bhi milakar ekadash kam-dashaean svikar karate haian. priy se tan se milan ki ichchha abhilash hai; prapti ke upayoan ki khoj chinta hai; sukhadayi vastuean jab du:khadayi ban jaean, to udveg hai; chitt ke vyakul hone se atapati batean karana pralap hai; j de-chetan ka vichar n rahana unmad hai; dirgh ni:shvas, panduta, durbalata ityadi vyadhi haian; aangoan tatha man ka cheshtashoony hona j data hai. any dashaoan ke abhipray svat: spasht haian. inamean chinta, smaran, unmad, vyadhi, j data aur maran sanchariyoan mean bhi vaise hi grihit haian. ras ka vichchhed hone se maran ka varnan pray: nishiddh thaharaya jata hai, lekin vishvanath kahate haian ki maranatuly dasha tatha chitt se akaankshit maran ka varnan grahy hai aur shighr punarjivit hone ki asha ho, to bhi maran ka ullekh many hai. dev ki salah atyant mahattvapoorn hai-‘maranau ya vidhi baraniye jate ras n nasai’. bharatendu ki nimnalikhit panktiyaan drashtavy haian-

‘eho pran pyare bin daras tihare bhaye,
muye hooan pai aankhean haian khuli hi rah jaeangi’.

‘maran’ ke grihit ho jane se sampoorn vyabhichari bhav vipralambh ya viyog-shrriangar mean chale ate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ sarasvati kanthabharan, 5:45
↑ rasatarangini, 6
↑ (3:187)

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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[1] sarasvati kanthabharan, 5:45

[2] rasatarangini, 6

[3] (3:187)

[1]

[2]

[3]