वाक्य

sarthak shabdoan ka vyavasthit samooh jisase apekshit arth prakat ho, vaky kahalata hai. ek vichar ko poornata se prakat karane vala shabd-samooh vaky kahalata hai. jaise-

• shyam doodh pi raha hai.
• yah kitana suandar upavan hai.
• oh ! aj to garami ke karan pran nikale ja rahe haian.

ye sabhi mukh se nikalane vali sarthak dhvaniyoan ke samooh haian. atah ye vaky haian. vaky bhasha ka charam avayav hai.

vaky ke aang

vaky ke do aang hai:-

uddeshy

jisake bare mean kuchh bataya jata hai, use uddeshy kahate haian; jaise- anurag khelata hai. sachin dau data hai. in vakyoan mean 'anurag' aur 'sachin' ke vishay mean bataya gaya hai. at: ye uddeshy haian. isake aantargat karta aur karta ka vistar ata hai jaise- 'parishram karane vala vyakti sada saphal hota hai.' is vaky mean karta (vyakti) ka vistar 'parishram karane vala' hai.

vidhey

vaky ke jis bhag mean uddeshy ke bare mean jo kuchh kaha jata hai, use vidhey kahate haian; jaise- anurag khelata hai. is vaky mean 'khelata hai' vidhey hai. vidhey ke vistar ke aantargat vaky ke karta (uddeshy) ko alag karane ke bad vaky mean jo kuchh bhi shesh rah jata hai, vah vidhey kahalata hai, jaise- lanbe-lanbe baloan vali l daki abhi-abhi ek bachche ke sath dau date hue udhar gee'. is vaky mean 'abhi-abhi ek bachche ke sath dau date hue udhar gee' vidhey ka vistar hai tatha 'lanbe-lanbe baloan vali l daki' uddeshy ka vistar hai.

uddeshy ka vistar-

kee bar vaky mean usaka parichay dene vale any shabd bhi sath ae hote haian. ye any shabd uddeshy ka vistar kahalate haian. jaise-

• suandar pakshi dal par baitha hai.
• kala saanp pe d ke niche baitha hai.

inamean suandar aur kala shabd uddeshy ka vistar haian. uddeshy mean nimnalikhit shabd-bhedoan ka prayog hota hai-

• sanjna- gho da bhagata hai.
• sarvanam- vah jata hai.
• visheshan- vidvan ki sarvatr pooja hoti hai.
• kriya-visheshan- (jisaka) bhitar-bahar ek-sa ho.
• vakyaansh- jhooth bolana pap hai.

vaky ke sadharan uddeshy mean visheshanadi jo dakar usaka vistar karate haian. uddeshy ka vistar niche likhe shabdoan ke dvara prakat hota hai-

1. visheshan se- achchha balak ajna ka palan karata hai.
2. sanbandh karak se- darshakoan ki bhi d ne use gher liya.
3. vakyaansh se- kam sikha hua karigar kathinaee se milata hai.

vidhey ka vistar- mool vidhey ko poorn karane ke lie jin shabdoan ka prayog kiya jata hai ve vidhey ka vistar kahalate haian. jaise-vah apane pain se likhata hai. isamean apane vidhey ka vistar hai. karm ka vistar- isi tarah karm ka vistar ho sakata hai. jaise-mitr, achchhi pustakean padho. isamean achchhi karm ka vistar hai. kriya ka vistar- isi tarah kriya ka bhi vistar ho sakata hai. jaise-shrey man lagakar padhata hai. man lagakar kriya ka vistar hai.

vaky mean anivary tatv

vaky mean nimnalikhit chh: tattv anivary haian-

1. sarthakata
2. yogyata
3. akaanksha
4. nikatata
5. padakram
6. anvay

sarthakata

vaky ka kuchh n kuchh arth avashy hota hai. at: isamean sarthak shabdoan ka hi prayog hota hai.

yogyata

vaky mean prayukt shabdoan mean prasang ke anusar apekshit arth prakat karane ki yogyata hoti hai; jaise- 'chay khaee', yah vaky nahian hai kyoanki chay khaee nahian jati balki pi jati hai.

akaanksha

'akaanksha' ka arth hai 'ichchha', vaky apane ap mean poora hona chahie. usamean kisi aise shabd ki kami nahian honi chahie jisake karan arth ki abhivyakti mean adhoorapan lage. jaise patr likhata hai, is vaky mean kriya ke karta ko janane ki ichchha hogi. at: poorn vaky is prakar hoga- ram patr likhata hai.

nikatata

bolate tatha likhate samay vaky ke shabdoan mean paraspar nikatata ka hona bahut avashyak hai, rook-rook kar bole ya likhe ge shabd vaky nahian banate. at: vaky ke pad nirantar pravah mean pas-pas bole ya likhe jane chahie.

padakram

vaky mean padoan ka ek nishchit kram hona chahie. 'suhavani hai rat hoti chaandani' isamean padoan ka kram vyavasthit n hone se ise vaky nahian maneangean. ise is prakar hona chahie- 'chaandani rat suhavani hoti hai'.

anvay

anvay ka arth hai- mel. vaky mean liang, vachan, purush, kal, karak adi ka kriya ke sath thik-thik mel hona chahie; jaise- 'balak aur balikaean geean', isamean karta kriya anvay thik nahian hai. at: shuddh vaky hoga 'balak aur balikaean ge'.

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