नायिका
nayika ya abhinetri us vyakti ko kahate hai jo kisi natak, film (chalachitr) ya any kala ki prastuti mean apane kiradar ko nibhae. nayika aisa kary karane vali mada shakhs ko kahate haian. aisa hi kary karane vale purush ko nayak ya abhineta kahate haian.
rasakhan ki drishti mean 'nayika'
hindi sahity mean krishna bhakt tatha ritikalin kaviyoan mean rasakhan ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai. 'rasakhan' ko ras ki khan kaha jata hai. rasakhan ke anusar nayika se abhipray us stri se hai jo yauvan, roop, kul, prem, shil, gun, vaibhav aur bhooshan se sampann ho. rasakhan premonmatt bhakt kavi the. unhoanne apani svachchhand bhavana ke anukool krishna prem ka chitran apane kavy mean kiya. isilie rasakhan ka nayika-bhed varnan n to shastriy vidhi ke anuroop hi hai aur n hi kisi kram ka usamean dhyan rakha gaya hai. krishna ke prati gopiyoan ke prem-varnan mean nayika-bhed ka chitran svabhavik roop se ho gaya hai.
nayika bhed
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
nayika bhed ki paranpara ke darshan sanskrit-sahity tatha sanskrit-kavy-shastr mean hote haian. nayikaean tin prakar ki bataee haian-
- svakiya
- parakiya evan
- samany.
isake atirikt bhi nayika ke jati, dharm, dasha evan avasthanusar anek bhed kie ge haian.[1] premomang ke kavi se nayika bhed ke sagar mean gote lagakar samast bhedopabhed niroopan ki asha karana nirarthak hi hoga, kyoanki inhoanne gopiyoan ke svaroop ko adhik mahattv n dekar unaki bhavanaoan ko hi adhik mahattv diya hai. phir bhi gopiyoan ke niroopan mean kahian-kahian nayika bhed ke darshan ho jate haian.
parakiya nayika
jo nayika par purush se priti kare, use parakiya kahate haian. rasakhan ke kavy mean niroopit gopiyaan par stri haian. par purush krishna prem ke karan ve parakiya nayika kahalaeangi. rasakhan ne anek padoan mean[2] unaka suandar niroopan kiya hai. unhoanne parakiya nayika ke chitran mean nayikaoan ki lok laj tatha apane kutuanbiyoan ke bhay se unaki vedanamayi sthiti aur premonmad ka b da hi marmasparshi chitran kiya hai-
kalhi bhath murali-dhuni mean rasakhani liyo kahuan nam hamarau.
ta chhin taian bhee bairini sas kitau kiyau jhaankat deti n dvarau.
hot chavav balai soan ali ri jau bhari aankhin bheantiyai pyaro.
bat pari abahian thithakyau hiyare atakyau piyare patavari॥[3]
- parakiya nayika ke bhed
parakiya nayika ke do bhed mane ge hai[4]-
- anootha aur
- oodha.
rasakhan ne oodha nayika ka varnan kiya hai. parakiya ke avasthanusar chh: bhed hote haian-
- mudita,
- vidagdha,
- anushayana,
- gupta,
- lakshita,
- kulata.
inamean se rasakhan ne oodha mudita aur vidagdha ka hi chitran kiya hai.
- oodha
oodha vah nayika hai jo apane pati ke atirikt any kisi purush se prem kare rasakhan ne is pad mean oodha ka varnan kiya hai-
'auchak drishti pare kahooan kanh joo tasoan kahai nanadi anuragi.
sau suni sas rahi mukh mori, jithani phirai jiy maian ris pagi.
nike nihari kai dekhai n aankhin, hoan kabahooan bhari nain n jagi.
ma pachhitavo yahai ju sakhi ki kalank lagyau par aank n 'lagi.[5]
- mudita
yah parakiya ke avasthanusar bhedoan mean se ek hai. par-purush-milan-vishayak manobhilasha ki akasmat poorti hote dekhakar jo nayika mudit hoti hai use mudita kahate haian. rasakhan ne bhi nayika ki modavastha ka suandar chitran kiya hai-
'jat huti jamana jal kauan manamohan gheri layau mag ai kai.
mod bharayau lapatai layau, pat ghooanghat tari dayau chit chai kai.
aur kaha rasakhani kahauan mukh choomat ghatan bat banai kai.
kaisean nibhai kulakani rahi hiye saanvari moorati ki chhabi chhai.[6]
- vidagdha
chaturatapoorvak par purushanurag ka sanket karane vali nayika ko vidagdha kahate haian. vidagdha ke do bhed hote haian-
- vachanavidagdha
- kriyavidagdha.
- vachanavidagdha nayika
jo nayika vachanaan ki chaturata se par purushanurag vishayak kary ko sanpann karana chahe use 'vachanavidagdha' kahate haian. rasakhan ki gopiyaan anek sthanoan par vachan chatury se kam leti haian-
chhir jau chahat chir gahean ajoo leu n ketik chhir achaihau.
chakhan ke mis makhan maangat khau n makhan ketik khaihau.
janati hauan jiy ki rasakhani su kahe kauan etik bat badhaihau.
goras ke mis jo ras chahat so ras kanhajoo neku n paihau.[7]
yahaan gopiyoan ne vachanavidagdhata dvara apani ichchha ka spashtikaran kar diya hai.
- kriyavidagdha
jo nayika kriya ki chaturata se par-purushanurag vishayak kary ko sampann karana chahe, use kriyavidagdha kahate haian. rasakhan ne nimnalikhit pad mean kriya vidagdha nayika ka suandar chitran kiya hai-
khelai alijan ke gan maian ut pritam pyare sauan neh navino.
bainani bodh karai it kauan, ut sainani mohan ko man lino.
nainani ki chalibi kachhu jani sakhi rasakhani chitaive koan kino.
ja lakhi pai janbhaee gee chutaki chatakai bida kari dino.[8]
- dashanusar nayikaean
nayika ke dashanusar tin bhed hote haian-
- garvita
- any sanbhog du:khita
- manavati mean se rasakhan ke kavy mean any sanbhog du:khita tatha manavati nayika ka chitran milata hai.
- any sanbhog dukhita
any stri ke tan par apane priyatam ke priti-chihn dekh kar du:khit hone vali nayika ko 'any sanbhog du:khit' kahate haian rasakhan ne bhi any sanbhog du:khita nari ka chitran kiya hai.
kah kahooan sajani sang ki rajani nit bitai mukuand koan heri.
avan roz kahaian manabhavan avan ki n kabauan kari pheri.
sautin-bhag badhyau braj maian jin lootat haian nisi rang ghaneri.
mo rasakhani likhi bidhana man mari kai apu bani hauan aanheri॥[9]
- manavati
apane priyatam ko any stri ki or akarshit janakar eershyapoorvak man karane vali nayika manavati kahalati hai. rasakhan ne manini nayika ka chitran tin padoan mean kiya hai. dooti nayika ko samajha rahi hai ki mere kahane se too man ko tyag de. tujhe basant mean man karana kisane sikha diya.[10] agale pady mean vah krishna ki suandarata evan gunoan ka bakhan karake aant mean kahati hai ki tujhe kuchh nahian lagata. n jane kisane teri mati chhini hai.[11] pun: nayika ko samajhati huee kahati hai ki man ki avadhi to adhi gh di hai, too man tyag de-
man ki audhi hai adhi ghari ari jau rasakhani darai hit ke dar,
kai hit chho diyai pariyai paini aise katachhanahian hiyara-har.
mohanalal koan hal bilokiyai neku kachhoo kini chhoobekar sauan kar,
naan karibe par vare haian pran kaha karihaian ab haan karibe par.[12]
rasakhan ne manini nayika ke man ka svabhavik chitran kiya hai. nayika ko samajhaya ja raha hai ki too kisi prakar man tyag de.
- avasthanusar nayikaean
avasthanusar nayika ke das bhed mane ge haian jinamean se do ki charcha rasakhan ne ki hai-
- agatapatika
- proshitapatika.
- agatapatika
apane priyatam ke agaman par prasann hone vali nayika 'agatapatika' kahalati hai. rasakhan ne agatapatika nayika ka chitran bahut hi suandar tatha bhavapoorn dhang se kiya hai-
nah-biyog badhyau rasakhani malin maha duti deh tiya ki.
pankaj soan mukh gau murajhaee lagian lapataian bari svaans hiya ki.
aise mean avat kanh sune hulasaian tarakian ju tani aangiya ki.
yau jagajoti uthi aang ki usakai dee manau bati diya ki.[13]
nayika virah-pi dit hai kintu krishna ke agaman se usaki pi da samapt ho jati hai aur usaki prasannata ka thikana nahian rahata. jaise dipak ki batti badhane se prakash badh jata hai vaise hi priy ke agaman se nayika ka sharir praphullit ho uthata hai.
- proshitapatika
priyatam ke viyog se du:khit virahini nayika ko proshitapatika kahate haian. rasakhan ke kavy mean proshitapatika nayika ke anek udaharan milate haian-
unahian ke sanehan sani rahaian unahian ke ju neh divani rahaian.
unahian ki sunaian n au bain tyauan sain soan chain anekan thani rahaian.
unahian sang dolan maian rasakhani sabai sukh siandhu aghani rahaian.
unahian bin jyauan jalahin hvai min si aankhi meri aansuvani rahaian.[14]
nimn pad mean parakiya madhya proshitapatika ka chitran kiya gaya hai-
auchak drishti pare kahooan kanh joo tasoan kahai nanadi anuragi.
so suni sas rahi mukh mori, jithani phirai jiy maian ris pagi.
nikean nihari kai dekhe n aankhin, hoan kabahooan bhari nain n jagi.
mo pachhitavo yahai ju sakhi ki kalank lagyau par aank n lagi॥[15]
rasakhan ke kavy mean proshitapatika nayika ka niroopan kee sthanoan par milata hai.
- vay
- kram se nayika
vay:kram se nayika ke tin bhed mane ge haian-
- mugdha,
- madhya,
- praudha.
rasakhan ne mugdha nayika ka varnan kiya hai.
- mugdha
jisake sharir par nav yauvan ka sanchar ho raha ho, aisi lajjashila kishori ko 'mugdha nayika' kahate haian. rasakhan ne mugdha nayika ki vay:sandhi avastha ka suandar chitr khiancha hai-
baanki maror gahi bhrikutin lagian aankhiyaan tirachhani tiya ki.
taank si laank bhee rasakhani sudamini te duti dooni hiya ki.
sohaian tarang anang ki aangani op uroj uthi chhatiya ki.
joban-joti su yauan damakai usakaee dee mano bati diya ki.[16]
jis prakar krishna kavy mean parakiya nayikaoan ko vishesh gaurav diya gaya hai, usi prakar rasakhan ne bhi parakiya varnan ko mahattv diya. isake tin pradhan ki saphalata ke lie bhavoan ka marmik chitran avashyak hai.
- rati bhav ki jitani adhik marmikata aur tallinata parakiya prem mean sanbhav hai utani svakiya prem mean nahian.
- doosara karan yah hai ki parakiya prem ka kshetr bahut vistrit hai. usamean prem ke vibhinn roopoan aur paristhitiyoan ke varnan ka avakash rahata hai. is prakar kavi ko apani pratibha ke pradarshan ka asim avasar milata hai.
- tisara karan hai lilavatari krishna ka madhur roop. krishna parabrahm parameshvar hai aur gopiyaan jivatmaean haian. anant jivatmaoan ke pratik roop mean anant gopiyoan ka chitran anivary tha. atev krishna bhakt shrriangari kaviyoan ne sabhi gopiyoan ke prati krishna (bhagavan) ke sneh ki aur krishna ke prati sabhi gopiyoan ke utkat anurag ki vyanjana ke lie parakiya-prem ka vidhan kiya. yahaan tak ki unake kavy mean svakiya ka kahian bhi chitran nahian hua. parakiya nayika niroopan ke aantargat rasakhan ne oodha mudita, kriyavidagdha, vachanavidagdha anyasanbhogadu:khita, manavati, agatapatika, proshitapatika evan mugdha adi nayikaoan ka chitran kiya hai. rasakhan ka uddeshy nayika-bhed niroopan karana nahian tha atev unhoanne gopiyoan ke sanbandh se krishna ka varnan karate hue prasanganusar nayikaoan ke bahy roop evan unaki aantarvrittiyoan ka chitran kiya hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑
jati ke anusar nayika ke char bhed kie ge haian-
- padamini,
- chitrini,
- shankhini,
- hastini.
- dharm ke anusar tin prakar ki nayikaean mani gee haian-
- garvita,
- any sanbhog du:khita,
- manavati.
- avastha ke anusar nayika ke das bhed kie ge haian-
- svadhinapatika,
- vasakasajja,
- utkanthita,
- abhisarika,
- vipralabdha,
- khandita,
- kalahaantarita,
- pravatsyatpreyasi,
- proshitapatika,
- agatapatika. - brajabhasha sahity mean nayika bhed, pri0 219
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 203, 139, 178, 74, 81, 126
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 99
- ↑ sahity-darpan pri0 166
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 138
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 36
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 42
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 116
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 106
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 113
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 114
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 115
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 117
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 74
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 138
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 51
sanbandhit lekh