मुहम्मद

chitr:Disamb2.jpg muhammad

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- muhammad (bahuvikalpi)

muhammad
|200px|center
poora nam	aboo alh‌-qasim muhammad ibn abd allah ibn abd alh‌-muttalib ibn hashim ibn abd manaf ibn qusi ibn kilab
any nam	hazarat muhammad
janm	570 ee.
janm bhoomi	makka, arab
mrityu	632 ee.
mrityu sthan	madina, arab
abhibhavak	abd alh ibn abd al mutallib (abdullah) aur amana (amina bin bahab)
pati/patni	khadija, ayasha, hafasa, sauda, 'umm salma, zainab, umm habibi, juveriya, ramalah, rihana, mariya, maimoona, safiya (13 patniyaan)
santan	putr: al-qasim, abd allah, ibrahim putri: fatima, zainab bin muhammad, umm bin muhammad, ruqaya bin muhammad
prasiddhi	islam dharm ke sabase mahanh nabi aur akhiri paigambar mane jate haian.

hazarat muhammad sahab (janm- 570 ee., makka, arab; mrityu- 632 ee., madina) arab ke ek prasiddh dharmachary aur islam ke pravartak the. quran ne kahian bhi hazarat muhammad (sall.) ko ‘islam dharm ka pravartak’ nahian kaha hai. quran mean hazarat muhammad (sall.) ka parichay nabi (eeshvariy jnan ki khabar dene vala), rasool (manavajati ki or bheja gaya), rahamatulh-lil-alamin (sare sansaroan ke lie rahamat v sakshath anukanpa, daya), hadi (satyapath-pradarshak) adi shabdoan se karaya hai. svayan paigambar muhammad (sall.) ne islam dharm ke ‘pravartak’ hone ka n dava kiya, n is roop mean apana parichay karaya.

inaka poora nam 'aboo alh‌-qasim muhammad ibn abd allah ibn abd alh‌-muttalib ibn hashim ibn abd manaf ibn qusi ibn kilab' tha.

hazarat muhammad (sall.) ke ek kathan ke anusar ‘islam ke bhavy bhavan mean ek eeant ki kami rah gee thi, eeshadootattv dvara vah kami poori ho gee aur islam apane antim roop mean sampoorn ho gaya’ (apake kathan ka bhavarth.) isase siddh hua ki hazarat muhammad (sall.) islam dharm ke pravartak nahian haian. (isaka pravartak svayan allah hai, n ki koee bhi paigambar, rasool, nabi adi). aur hazarat muhammad (sall.) ne usi islam ka ahvan kiya jisaka, itihas ke har charan mean doosare rasooloan ne kiya tha. is prakar islam ka itihas utana hi prachin hai jitana manavajati aur usake bich niyukt hone vale asankhy rasooloan ke silasile (shrriankhala) ka itihas.

jivan parichay

hazarat muhammad ka janm makka mean 570 ee. mean hua aur mrityu 632 ee. mean madina nam ke nagar mean huee. vah amina ke garbh se utpann abdulla ke putr the. janm ke poorv hi pita ki aur paanch varsh ki ayu mean mata ki mrityu ho jane ke phalasvaroop mohammad sahab ka palan-poshan unake dada mutallib aur chacha aboo talib ne kiya tha. 25 varsh ki ayu mean unhoanne khadija namak ek vidhava se vivah kiya. mohammad sahab ke janm ke samay arabavasi atyant pichhadi, qabilaee aur charavahoan ki zindagi bita rahe the. atah muhammad sahab ne un qabiloan ko sangathit karake ek svatantr rashtr banane ka prayas kiya. 15 varsh tak vyapar mean lage rahane ke pashchath ve karobar chho dakar chintan-manan mean lin ho gaye. makka ke samip hira ki choti par kee din tak chintanashil rahane ke uparant unhean devadoot jibaril ka sandesh prapt hua ki ve jakar quran sharif ke roop mean prapt eeshvariy sandesh ka prachar karean. tatpashchath unhoanne islam dharm ka prachar shuroo kiya. unhoanne moorti pooja ka virodh kiya, jisase makka ka purohit varg bh dak utha aur antatah muhammad sahab ne 622 ee. ko makka chho dakar vahaan se 300 kilomitar yasarib (madina) ki or kooch kar diya. unaki yah yatra islam mean 'hizarat' kahalati hai. isi din se 'hijari sanvat' ka prarambh mana jata hai. kalantar mean 630 ee. mean apane lagabhag 10 hazar anuyayiyoan ke sath muhammad sahab ne makka par chadhaee karake use jit liya aur vahaan islam ko lokapriy banaya. do varsh pashchath 632 ee. ko unaka nidhan ho gaya.

janm

islam dharm ke pravartak hazarat muhammad sahab the, jinaka janm 570 ee. ko sudi arab ke makka namak sthan mean kuraish qabile ke abdulla namak vyapari ke ghar hua tha. aise andhakar ke samay arab ke pradhan nagar bakka (makka) mean abdulmatallab ke putr ki bharya 'amana' ke garbh se svanamadhany mahatma muhammad 617 vikram sanvat mean utpann hue. inaka vansh ‘hashim’ vansh ke nam se prasiddh tha. jab yah garbh mean the tabhi inake pita svargavasi hue. mata aur pitamah ka balak par asadharan sneh tha. ek sthan se doosare sthan par ghoomane vale baddoo logoan ki striyoan ko palane ke lie apane bachchoan ko de dena makka ke nagarikoan ki pratha thi. ek samay ‘sad’ vansh ki ek baddoo stri ‘halima’ makka mean aee. unako koee aur bachcha nahian mila tha jisase jab dhanahin ‘amana’ ne apane putr ko saupane ko kaha, to usane yah samajh kar svikar kar liya ki khali hath jane se jo hi kuchh palle p d jay, vahi achchha. halima ne ek mas ke shishu muhammad ko lekar apane dere ko prasthan kiya. is prakar balak muhammad 4 varsh tak baddoo-grih mean palata raha. isake bad vah phir apani snehamayi mata ki god mean aya. ek samay sati ‘amana’ ne kutumbiyoan se bheant karane ke lie balak muhammad ke sath apane mayake ‘madina’ ko prasthan kiya.

mauhatarama amana ka svargarohan

madina se lautane par marg mean ‘avba’ namak sthan par pitrichhaya-vihin balak muhammad ko amritatuly matri-karasparsh se bhi vanchit kar devi ‘amana’ ne svargarohan kiya. bahoo aur putr ke viyog se khinn pitamah ‘abdulmatallab’ ne vatsalyapoorn hriday se pautr ke palan-poshan ka bhar apane oopar liya, kintu bhagy ko yah bhi svikrit nahian tha aur muhammad ko 8 varsh ka chho dakar vah bhi kal ke gal mean chale gaye. marate samay unhoanne apane putr ‘abootalib’ ko bula kar karun svar mean adesh diya ki matri-pitri-vihin vats muhammad ko putr saman janana.

mahatma muhammad ne ‘abootalib’ ko premapoorn abhibhavakata mean kabhi van mean ooant-bakari charate tatha kabhi sathiyoan ke sath khelate-koodate apane l dakapan ko sanand bitaya. jab vah 12 varsh ke the aur unake chacha vyapar ke lie bahar jane vale the, tab unhoanne sath chalane ke lie bahut agrah kiya. chacha ne marg ke kasht ka khyal kar ise svikar n kiya. jab chacha ooant lekar ghar se nikalane lage, to bhatije ne ooant ki nakel pak d kar rote hue kaha- “chachaji, n mere pita haian, n maan. mujhe akele chho d kar kahaan jate ho. mujhe bhi sath le chalo." is bat se abootalib ka chitt itana dravit hua ki vah asvikar n kar sake aur sath hi muhammad ko bhi lekar ‘sham’ ki or prasthit hue. isi yatra mean balak ne khishth-tapodhan ‘bahera’ ka pratham darshan paya.

mahatma muhammad ke vivah

jan-pravad hai ki asadharan pratibhashali mahatma muhammad ajivan akshar-jnan se rahit rahe. vyavahar-chaturata, eemanadari adi anek sadgunoan ke karan kuraish-vansh ki ek samriddhishalini stri ‘khadija’ ne apana gumashta banakar 25 varsh ki avastha mean navayuvak muhammad se ‘sham’ jane ke lie kaha. unhoanne ise svikar kar b di yogyatapoorvak apane kartavy ka nirvah kiya. isake kuchh dinoan bad ‘khadija’ ne unake sath byah karane ki ichchha prakat ki. yadyapi ‘khadija’ ki avastha 40 varsh ki thi, usake do pati pahale bhi mar chuke the, kintu usake anek sadgunoan ke karan mahatma muhammad ne is prarthana ko svikar kar liya.

kitane hi ne musalaman mahatma par apane musalaman ho jane ka abhar (ihasan) rakhate the. jis par kaha gaya hai— "tujh par ihasan rakhate haian ki musalaman ho ge, kah-mujh par ihasan mat rakho, yah parameshvar ne tumhare oopar upakar kiya hai ki tumako sachcha rasta diya.

mahatma muhammad ka pratham vivah shrimati khadija ke sath 25 varsh ki avastha mean hua. vivah ke anantar vah 25 varsh tak jivit rahian. madina pravas se 3 varsh poorv, jabaki mahatma 50 varsh ke ho ge the, unaka svargavas hua. islam ki shiksha sarvapratham inhoanne svikar ki. kee charanoan se majaboor hokar mahatma ko (prayah) das vivah aur karane p de, kintu yah sab 53 varsh ki avastha ke bad hue. par mahatma ke pas ek 'jaid' nam ka das rahata tha. usake musalaman ho jane par unhoanne itana hi nahian ki use dasata se mukt kar diya, pratyut apana poshy putr banakar usaka vivah apani phoophi, 'umaiya' ki l daki 'jainab' se kara diya. jainab ki b di–b di ichchhaoan aur uchch–vansh ke abhiman ne dasata se mukt jaid ke sath patari n jamane di. donoan mean barabar jhag da hone laga. anek bar jaid ne sambandh vichchhed (=talaq) karana chaha, kintu bar–bar mahatma 'apani stri ko apane pas rahane de aur allah se dar'- kahakar use rok diya karate the, yadyapi bar–bar pariksha ne unhean nishchit kar diya tha ki in donoan ka man milana kathin hai. kintu sambandh–vichchhed se utpann hone vali kathin samasya ko dekhakar vah isi tarah talate jate the. 'jainab' aur usake bhaee musalaman hone ke karan 'quraishiyoan' ke kop–bhajan bane hue the aur unhoanne bhi ghar–bar chho dakar 'madina' mean pravas kiya tha. talaq dene par 'jainab' ka vivah hona kathin tha. musalaman hone se musalaman bhinn ke sath sambandh nahian ho sakata tha aur musalaman mean bhi quraish ke vansh ki pratishtha ke khyal se kisi aquraishi se vivah ayukt tha, yadyapi isase bahut pahale hi adesh mil chuka tha—

"bhagavan ne poshy putroan ko tumhara putr nahian banaya, yah tumhari kapol- kalpana hai."

isase jainab ke sath vivah karane mean islam dharm ke anusar koee badha n thi, parantu mahatma lokapavad se darate the. log kaheange- muhammad ne apani patohoo ghar mean rakh li, kintu islam ke pravarttak ki yah nirbalata bahut hanikar hoti yadi vah us shiksha ko lokapavad se darakar chho d dete jisake ki vah svayan pracharak the. phir to unake anuyayi kyoan n barhirmukh ho jate. isilie quran ne adesh diya.

mahatma muhammad ki patniyaan

'bhagavan se dar, too jo kuchh apane bhitar chhipana chahata tha, bhagavan use prakashit karana chahata hai. too manushyoan se darata hai, kintu parameshvar se darana hi sarvottam hai.

jab 'jaid' ki usase ichchha poorn ho gee to ham (eeshvar) ne jainab ko tujhe byah diya. yah isalie ki musalamanoan par apane maukhik putroan ki striyoan se byah karane mean haraj n ho.'

madina pravas se pahale mahatma ne ek hi byah kiya tha. yah tha shrimati 'khadija' ke sath. vah pravas se 3 varsh poorv hi svargavasini ho gee thian. baki vivah, jo madina mean ane par 53 varsh ke bad hue, unaki sankhya 9 se adhik batalayi jati hai. pradhan striyoan ke nam haian—

• shrimati 'ayasha' dvitiy khalifa 'aboobakar ki putri'.
• shrimati 'hafasa' tritiy khalifa 'umar' ki putri.
• shrimati 'sauda'.
• shrimati 'umm salma'.
• shrimati 'jainab'.
• shrimati 'umm habibi'.
• shrimati 'javeriya'.
• shrimati 'maimoona'.
• shrimati 'safiya'.

inamean se pahali chhah quraish vansh ki thian. atmaraksha ke lie sab tarah se harakar musalamanoan ne talavar ki sharan li. unhean islam ke shatruoan- quraish aur unake sathi yahoodiyoan se anek l daiyaan l dani p dian. jinamean anek musalaman viragati ko prapt hue. unaki striyaan vidhava ho geean. ab unake palan-poshan ka saval utha. musalamanoan ki sankhya kam thi aur utane hi mean prabandh karana tha. is chhoti-si biradari ke sath sambandh ki anivaryata ne mahatma muhammad ko aur bhi mazaboot kiya ki vah un vidhavaoan aur unake sambandhiyoan ko santusht karane ke lie aur bhi shadiyaan karean. aisi hi kathinaiyoan mean 'khunais' ki vidhava 'hafasa', 'abdulla' ki vidhava 'jainab' aur 'aboosalma' ki vidhava 'umm salma' se vivah karana, 'ubaidulla' ki vidhava 'umm habiba', se bhi uparyukt karanoan se byah hua. jo tin vivah quraish- bhinn vanshoan mean hue, vah bhi l dakoo saradaroan ko byah- sambandh se shant rakhane ke lie hue the. shri 'aboobakar' ke agrah ne 'ayasha' se byah karane par majaboor kiya. in sab batoan se yah bhali prakar pata chal sakata hai ki mahatma ne yah anek byah vishay-bhog ke lie nahian, kintu any hi kinhian sadichchhaoan se prerit hokar kiya. prerit muhammad ke apane byah ke vishay mean quran ki nimn prakar ki ajna hai.

tatkalin moortiyaan

‘hubl’, ‘lath’, ‘manath’ ‘ujj’ adi bhinn-bhinn anek dev-pratimaean us samay arab ke pratyek qabile mean logoan ki isht thian. bahut purane samay mean vahaan moortipooja n thi. ‘amaroo’ namak kaba ke ek pradhan pujari ne ‘sham’ desh mean suna ki isaki aradhana se dushkal se raksha aur shatru par vijay prapt hoti hai. usi ne pahale-pahal ‘sham’ se lakar kuchh moortiyaan kaba ke mandir mean sthapit kian. dekha-dekhi isaka prachar itana badha ki sara desh moortipooja mean nimagn ho gaya. akele ‘kaba’ mandir mean 360 devamoortiyaan thian, jinamean hubl-jo chhat par sthapit tha- kuresh-vanshiyoan ka isht tha. ‘jay hubl’ unaka jatiy ghosh tha. log manate the ki ye moortiyaan eeshvar ko prapt karati haian, isilie ve unhean poojate the. arabi mean ‘ilah’ shabd devata aur unaki moortiyoan ke lie prayukt hota hai; kintu ‘alah’ shabd ‘islam’ kal se pahale us samay bhi ek hi eeshvar ke lie prayukt hota tha.

shrimati ‘khadija’ aur unake bhaee ‘naufal’ moortipooja- virodhi yahoodi dharm ke anuyayi the. anek shisht mahatmaoan ke satsang evan logoan ke pakhand ne unhean moortipooja se vimukh bana diya. vah eesaee bhikshuoan ki bhaanti bahudha ‘hira’ ki gufa mean ekant-sevan aur eeshvar- pranidhan ke lie jaya karate the. ‘ikra bi-ismi rabbik’ (padh apane prabhu ke nam ke sath) yah pratham quran vaky pahale vahian par devadoot ‘jibrail’ dvara mahatma muhammad ke hriday mean utara gaya. us samay devadoot ke bhayankar sharir ko dekhakar kshan bhar ke lie vah moorchchhit ho gaye the. jab unhoanne is vrittant ko shrimati ‘khadija’ aur ‘naufal’ ko sunaya to unhoanne kaha- avashy vah devadoot tha jo is bhagavatvaky ko lekar tumhare pas aya tha. is samay mahatma muhammad ki ayu 40 varsh ki thi. yahian se unaki paigambari (bhagavatata) ka samay prarambh hota hai.

islam ka prachar aur kasht

eeshvar ke divy adesh ko prapt kar unhoanne makka ke dambhik aur samagat yatriyoan ko quran ka upadesh sunana arambh kiya. mela ke khas dinoan (‘ihram’ ke mahinoan) mean door se ayean hue tirth-yatriyoan ke samooh ko chhal-pakhandayukt lokachar aur anek devataoan ki upasana ka khandan karake, vah ek eeshvar (allah) ki upasana aur shuddh tatha saral dharm ke anushthan ka upadesh karate the. ‘quraishi’ log apane isht, achar aur amadani ki is prakar ninda aur us par is prakar ka kutharaghat dekhakar bhi ‘hashim’- parivar ki chirashatruta ke bhay se unhean marane ki himman n kar sakate the. kintu is navin dharm-anuyayi, das-dasiyoan ko tapt baloo par litate, ko de marate tatha bahut kasht dete the; to bhi dharm ke matavale pranapan se apane dharm ko n chho dane ke lie taiyar the. is amanushik asahy atyachar ko din par din badhate dekh kar ant mean mahatma ne anuyaniyoan ko ‘aphrika’ khand ke ‘habs’ namak rajy mean- jahaan ka raja b da nyayaparayan tha- chale jane ki anumati de di. jaise-jaise musalamanoan ki sankhya badhati jati thi, ‘quraishi’ ka dvesh bhi vaise-vaise badhata jata tha, kintu ‘abootalib’ ke jivan-paryant khulakar upadrav karane ki unaki himmat n hoti thi. jab ‘abootalib’ ka dehant ho gaya to unhoanne khule taur par virodh karane par kamar baandhi.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif mahatma muhammad shantipriy the, eeshvar bhakt the. unamean aur bahut se sadagun the; yoan to manushy hone ke karan yah nahian kaha ja sakata ki vah sarvatha nirdosh the. unhoanne manushy jati par b da upakar kiya. aganit atmaoan ko unake prakash ne marg dikhalaya. aganit praniyoan ne unake upadesh se shanti payi. is chhote nibandh mean quran ka sar nicho dane ka prayatn kiya gaya hai. yatharth islam dharm bhi vahi hai jise 'quran' ke apane shabd pratipadit karate haian. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

madina pravas

ab mahatma muhammad ki avastha 53 varsh ki thi. unaki stri shrimati ‘khadija’ ka dehant ho chuka tha. ek din ‘quraishiyoan’ ne hatya ke abhipray se unake ghar ko charoan or se gher liya, kintu mahatma ko isaka pata pahale se hi mil chuka tha. unhoanne poorv hi vahaan se ‘yasrib’ (madina) nagar ko prasthan kar diya tha. vahaan ke shishy-varg ne ati shraddha se guru sushrusha karane ki prarthana ki thi. pahuanchane par unhoanne mahatma ke bhojan, vasagrih adi ka prabandh kar diya. jab se unaka nivas ‘yasrib’ mean hua, tab se nagar ka nam ‘maditunnabi’ ya nabi ka nagar prakhyat hua. usi ko chhota karake ajakal keval ‘madina’ kahate haian. ‘quran’ mean tis khand haian aur vah 114 ‘sooratoan’ (adhyayoan) mean bhi vibhakt hai. nivas-kram se pratyek soorat ‘makki’ ya ‘madni’ nam se pukari jati hai, arthat makka mean utari ‘sooratean’ ‘makki’ aur madina mean utari ‘madni’ kahi jati hai.

mahatma muhammad aur unake sambandhi

quran mean anek vaky mahatma muhammad ke parivar, islam dharm mean unaki sthiti adi ke sambandh mean bhi kahe ge haian. apane dharm pravarttakoan ko allah ya usaka avatar bana dalana dharmanuyayiyoan ka svabhav hai. isilie quran mean (muhammad) prerit ke atirikt kuchh nahian vaky bar–bar duharaya gaya hai.

mahatma muhammad ke prabhu–prerit hone ke vishay mean nimnalikhit quran ke udagar haian—

"jisake pas 'taurat' aur 'ianjil' mean se uddharan hai, jisaka upadesh puny karm ke lie hai aur nishedh pap karm ke lie. jo pavitr (vastu) ko bhakshy (halal) aur apavitr ko abhakshy (haram) karata hai. jo un (dharmanuyayiyoan) se unake oopar bhar aur phandoan ko alag karata hai, us nirakshar prerit rrishi ke jo anuyayi, vishvasi tatha sahayak haian, aur usake sath utare prakash (quran) ka anusaran karate haian, vahi puny ke bhagi haian." (7:19:6)

mahatma ka samman

• maian muhammad tumhare sab ke pas us allah ka bheja hua (prerit) hooan, jisaka shasan prithvi aur akash donoan mean hai.
• kah, maian naya prerit nahian hooan...jo kuchh allah mere pas bhejata hai, maian usi ka anusaran karata hooan. mangal aur amangal ka sunane vala chho d maian kuchh nahian hooan.

islam mean yadyapi mahatma muhammad allah ke avatar nahian mane ge, kintu isaka yah arth nahian hai ki unaki pratishtha aur samman kam hai. kaha hai—

"tere (muhammad ke) sath–sath hath milane vale allah ke sath hath milate haian. (muhammad ka hath nahian) allah ka hath unake hathoan mean haian."

injil mean muhammad lie bhavishyavani

"he vishvasiyoan (musalamanoan!) prerit muhammad ke svar se tum ooancha n chillao aur usake sath us prakar se batachit n karo, jaise tum apas mean ek–doosare ke sath bolate ho."

"parameshvar aur devadoot, prerit ke pas ashirvad bhejate haian. he vishvasiyo! tum bhi usake lie ashirvad aur shanti ki kamana karo."

musalamanoan ka yah bhi vishvas hai ki yahoodiyoan ki bhaanti eesaeeyoan ke bhi dharm–granth mean mahatma muhammad ke prerit hokar ane ki bhavishyavani hai; kintu duragrahavash vah ise svikar nahian karate. quran mean yah bhav nimn prakar se pradarshit kiya gaya hai—

"jab mariyam ke putr eesa ne kaha hai—he israil ki santanoan! (yahoodiyoan) maian prabhu–prerit hokar tumhare pas aya hooan; pahali pustak 'tarat' adi ko pramanit manata hooan aur ek prerit ka shubh samachar deta hooan ki jo mere bad ayega, usaka nam muhammad hai. phir jab muhammad unake pas pramanoan ke sath aya, to kahate haian—"yah saf jadoo (dhokha) hai."

 

mahatma muhammad ki pradhanata

• mahatma muhammad ke pas eeshvariy sandesh ane ka koee samay nishchit n tha. vah sote–baithate kisi samay par bhi a jata tha. ek samay jab mahatma razaee odhe soye the, usi samay yah sandesh aya—

"he lihaf (odhana) mean lipate, uth aur bhay suna."

• nimnalikhit vaky bhi islam mean mahatma muhammad ki pradhanata ko pradarshit karate haian—

"he vishvasiyoan! eeshvar aur prerit ki ajna manoan."

"vishvasi (musalaman) vah hai jo eeshvar aur prerit par vishvas laye haian aur shanka nahian karate."

mahatma muhammad ke chamatkar

mahatma muhammad ne yadyapi chamatkar dikhalane mean adhikatar apani asammati prakat ki; kintu to bhi quran ke kuchh vaky unake kuchh chamatkaroan ko prakat karate haian. niche unhean sankshep mean diya jata hai—

• "jab pheanka, to toone nahian pheanka, kintu paramatma ne pheanka."

hazarat ne badar ke yuddh ke samay ek mutthi mitti shatruoan ki or pheanki thi, pichhe shatru ki parajay huee. yahaan usi bat ka sanket hai.

• "prabhu ne apane nabi aur musalamanoan ke pas shanti aur sena bheji, jisako tumane nahian dekha."

yahaan par ek l daee mean eeshvar ne farishtoan ki sena bhej kar mahatma ki madad ki- isaki or sanket hai.

• "vah (eeshvar) pavitr hai, jo apane das (muhammad) ko rat mean pavitr masjid se antim masjid (svarg), jo charoan or pavitr aishvary se poorn hai- ko le gaya ki usako apane praman dikhavean." "aur usako doosare utar mean, antim ber (vriksh) ke pas dikhaya, usake pas vasodyan (svarg) haian....nissandeh us (muhammad) ne apane prabhu ke sabase b de praman dekhe."

yahaan par mahatma muhammad ki sajiv svargayatra ka varnan hai, jise 'miaraj' kahate haian. eeshvar ne unhean svarg mean le jakar apane aishvary dikhalae.

• "jab hamane jinnoan mean se kitano ko teri or akrisht kiya. jinhoanne 'quran' suna aur jab vah vahaan aye, to (apas mean) bole—chup raho. phir jab (padhana) samapt hua, to apani jati ki or (eeshvar ka) bhay sunane vale hokar laut ge."

'jinn agni se utpann ek devayoni hai. yahaan par bataya gaya hai ki unamean se kitane hi mahatma se 'quran' sunakar musalaman ho ge aur ve apani jati mean bhi jakar isaka prachar karane lage.

• 'vah gh di samip aee, jab chandrama khandit ho gaya.'

yah mahatma ke sabase prasiddh 'shaqakulaqamr' namak chamatkar ka varnan hai. mahatma ne apani daivi shakti dikhane ke lie ek bar aanguli chandrama ki or ki, is par usake do tuk de ho ge, jisako kitane hi unake anuyayiyoan ne apani aankhoan se dekha, yahi isaka saanrash hai.

'quran' mean ek eeshvar vishvas par bahut bal diya gaya hai. ek–do nahian, saik doan bar kaha gaya hai ki vah parameshvar ek hi hai, usake siva doosara koee poojy nahian. yahaan eeshvar ko sarvavyapak aur sarvajn mana gaya hai. avataravad ka mahatma eesa ke varnan ke samay b de zor se khandan kiya gaya hai. 'quran' ne khule shabdoan mean kaha hai ki paramatma tumako poorvajoan ke marg par chalana chahata hai. mahatma muhammad ne kisi naye dharm ki nianv rakhane ka dava nahian kiya, kintu usi 'din–ibrahim' ya 'ibrahim' ke panth ka punah prachar karata hai jo mahatma muhammad se hazaroan varsh poorv vidyaman tha. mahatma muhammad un vishesh vyaktiyoan mean se the, jinaka sthan apane asapas ke dharatal se ooancha hota hai. jis prakar prakriti kahian–kahian niche khaddoan ke pas uttuang parvat utpann kar deti hai, vaise hi apani janmabhoomi mean aisi mahanh atmaoan ki sthiti hai. yadyapi 'momin' aur 'muslim' shabdoan ke arth 'saty–priy' aur 'shanti–priy' haian, to bhi anek sthanoan par inaka b da sankuchit arth liya gaya aur isi bhranti ke karan sansar mean islam ke nam par anek anuchit kary hue haian. vidvanoan ne is bat ko mana hai ki lachar hokar atmaraksha ke lie shastr grahan kiya tha; kintu pichhe kitane hi logoan ne usaka ulta arth lagaya. unhoanne yuddh ko dharm phailane ka madhyam mal liya. vastav mean mahatma muhammad shant prakriti ke the, unhoanne bina avashyakata ke kabhi rakt bahana achchha nahian samajha.

"allahu la–muhibbulafasadh."
(eeshvar kalah nahian pasand karata)
yah vaky bhi ukt arth ko spasht pratipadit karata hai.
'lakumh din–kumh v li dini'.

'tumhare lie tumhara dharm aur mere lie mera dharm'- is vaky ne bhi dharmik sahishnuta ka achchha path padhaya hai. 'islam' ko samajhane ke lie hamean uparokt quran ke vakyoan par vichar karana chahie. katipay musalamanoan ke acharan se islam par faisala dena anyay hai.

mahatma muhammad shantipriy the, eeshvar bhakt the. unamean aur bahut se sadagun the; yoan to manushy hone ke karan yah nahian kaha ja sakata ki vah sarvatha nirdosh the. unhoanne manushy jati par b da upakar kiya. aganit atmaoan ko unake prakash ne marg dikhalaya. aganit praniyoan ne unake upadesh se shanti payi. is chhote nibandh mean quran ka sar nicho dane ka prayatn kiya gaya hai. yatharth islam dharm bhi vahi hai jise 'quran' ke apane shabd pratipadit karate haian.

muhammad antim paigambar

"jo koee parameshvar aur usake prerit ki ajna n mane, usako sarvada ke lie narak ki agni hai." mahatma muhammad ke acharan ko adarsh manakar use doosaroan ke lie anukaraniy kaha gaya hai. "tumhare lie prabhu–prerit ka sundar acharan anukaraniy hai." yah kaha gaya hai ki arab ke log us samay ekadam asabhy the. unhean chhote–chhote se lekar b de–b de achar aur sabhyata-sambandhi vyavaharoan ko bhi batalana p data tha. unako guru-shishy, pita-putr, b de-chhote ke sambandh ka bhi vishesh vichar nahian tha. mahatma muhammad ko guru aur prerit svikar karane par unaka yahi mukhy sambandh musalamanoan ke sath hai, n ki bhaeebandi, chacha-bhatija vala pahala sambandh; yatha- "muhammad tum purushoan mean se kisi ka bap nahian, vah prabhu-prerit aur sab preritoan par muhar (antim) hai." 'musalamanoan ka us (muhammad) ke sath pran se bhi adhik sambandh hai aur usaki striyaan tumhari (musalamanoan) ki mataean haian.'

bidat

mukhy lekh : bidat

bidat islam mean koee aisi navinata hai, jisaka muslim samuday se paranparik rasmo-rivaj (sunna) mean mool n ho. islam ka sabase adhik kattaravadi qanooni vicharadhara hanabila (aur isaka adhunik uttarajivi soodi arab ka vah mat) ne bidat ko poori tarah thukara diya hai aur dalil di hai ki muslim ka farz paigambar muhammad dvara nirdharit udaharan (sunna) ka palan karana hai, n ki usamean sudhar lane ki koshish karana.

mrityu

madina mean vah adhik din tak shantipoorvak vishram n kar sake the ki vahaan bhi quraish unhean kasht pahuanchane lage. ant mean atmaraksha ka koee any upay n dekh quraish aur unaki kumantrana mean p de hue ‘madina'- nivasi yahoodiyoan ke sath unhean anek yuddh karane p de, jinaki samapti ‘makka-vijay’ aur ‘kaba’ ko moortirahit karane ke sath huee. janm nagari ke vijay karane par bhi madina-nivasiyoan ke snehapash mean baddh ho mahatma ne apane shesh jivan ko madina mean hi vyatit kiya. unake jivan mean hi sara arab ek rashtr aur ek dharm ke sootr mean abaddh ho islam-dharm mean pravisht ho gaya. 632 ee., madina mean 63 varsh ki avastha mean is prakar mahatma muhammad apane mahanh jivanoddeshy ko poorn kar shishy janoan ko apane viyog se duahkhasagar mean magn karate mrityu ko prapt hue. ‘quran’ ke bhav samajhane mean pad-pad par us samay ki paristhiti aur ghatana apekshit hai. use spasht karane ke lie tatkalin aur prachin arab ki dasha ke sath mahatma ki sankshipt jivani bhi avashyak hai, jaisa ki agale prishthoan se pata lagega. isalie yahaan isake vishay se kuchh karana p da. 40vean varsh mean ‘ikra bi ismi rabbik’ se lekar marane ke 17 din (kisi-kisi ke mat se 12 din) poorv ‘rabbikalh akram’ (prabhu too ati mahanh hai) das vaky ke utarane tak, jo kuchh divyopadesh mahatma muhammad dvara pracharit hua, usi ka sangrah quran ke nam se prasiddh, musalamani dharm ka svatah praman granth hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

1. REDIRECT saancha:tippanisoochi

bahari k diyaan

• muhammad sall santoan ki drishti mean
• hazarat paigambare islam (s.) ka jivan parichay v charitr chitran
• islam dharm