हुमायूँ
humayooan
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| poora nam | nasiruddin muhammad humayooan |
| any nam | humayooan |
| janm | 6 march, sanh 1508 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | qabul |
| mrityu tithi | 27 janavari, sanh 1555 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| pita/mata | babar, maham begam |
| pati/patni | hamida banoo begam, bega begam, bigeh begam, chaand bibi, hazi begam, mah-choochak, miveh-jan, shahazadi khanam |
| santan | putr-akabar, mirza muhammad hakim putri- akikeh begam, bakhshi banu begam, bakhtunnisa begam |
| rajy sima | uttar aur madhy bharat |
| shasan kal | 26 disanbar, 1530 - 17 mee, 1540 ee. aur 22 faravari, 1555 - 27 janavari, 1556 ee. |
| sha. avadhi | lagabhag 11 varsh |
| rajyabhishek | 30 disambar, sanh 1530 ee. agara |
| dharmik manyata | islam dharm |
| yuddh | 1554 ee. mean bharat par akraman |
| poorvadhikari | babar |
| uttaradhikari | akabar |
| rajagharana | mugal |
| maqabara | humayooan ka maqabara |
| sanbandhit lekh | mugal kal |
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nasiruddin muhammad humayooan (aangrezi: Humayun, janm: 6 march, 1508 ee. - mrityu: 27 janavari, 1555 ee.) ek prasiddh mugal shasak tha. humayooan ka janm babar ki patni ‘maham begam’ ke garbh se 6 march, 1508 ee. ko kabul mean hua tha. babar ke 4 putroan- humayooan, kamaran, askari aur hindal mean humayooan sabase b da tha. babar ne humayooan ko apana uttaradhikari niyukt kiya tha. bharat mean rajyabhishek ke poorv 1520 ee. mean 12 varsh ki alpayu mean use badakhshaan ka soobedar niyukt kiya gaya. badakhshaan ke soobedar ke roop mean humayooan ne bharat ke un sabhi abhiyanoan mean bhag liya, jinaka netritv babar ne kiya tha.
rajyabhishek
26 disambar, 1530 ee. ko babar ki mrityu ke bad 30 disambar, 1530 ee. ko 23 varsh ki ayu mean humayooan ka rajyabhishek kiya gaya. babar ne apani mrityu se poorv hi humayooan ko gaddi ka uttaradhikari ghoshit kar diya tha. humayooan ko uttaradhikar dene ke sath hi sath babar ne vistrit samrajy ko apane bhaeeyoan mean baantane ka nirdesh bhi diya tha, atah usane asakari ko sambhal, hindal ko mevat tatha kamaran ko panjab ki soobedari pradan ki thi. [[chitr:Babur-Celebrates-The-Birth-Of-Humayun.jpg|thumb|left|kabul ke chahar bag mean humayooan ke janm ka utsav manata babar]] samrajy ka is tarah se kiya gaya vibhajan humayooan ki bhayankar bhooloan mean se ek tha, jisake karan use anek antarik kathinaiyoan ka samana karana p da aur kalantar mean humayooan ke bhaiyoan ne usaka sath nahian diya. vastav mean avivekapoornadhang se kiya gaya samrajy ka yah vibhajan, kalantar mean humayooan ke lie ghatak siddh hua. yadyapi usake sabase prabal shatru afagan the., kintu bhaiyoan ka asahayog aur humayooan ki kuchh vyaiktik kamazoriyaan usaki asaphalata ka karan siddh hueean.
sainy abhiyan
humayooan ne apane vijay abhiyan ke tahat kee pradeshoan ko vijit kiya. usake dvara jin pradeshoan ke khilaf abhiyan chalaya gaya, ve nimnalikhit haian-
kalianjar ka akraman (1531 ee.)
humayooan ko kalianjar abhiyan gujarat ke shasak bahadur shah ki badhati huee shakti ko rokane ke lie karana p da. kalianjar par akraman humayooan ka pahala akraman tha. kalianjar ke kile par akraman ke samay hi use yah soochana mili ki, afagan saradar mahamood lodi bihar se jaunapur ki or badh raha hai. atah kalianjar ke raja prataparudr dev se dhan lekar humayooan vapas jaunapur ki or chala gaya.
dauhariya ka yuddh (1532 ee.)
jaunapur ki or agrasar humayooan ki sena evan mahamood lodi ki sena ke bich agast, 1532 ee. mean dauhariya namak sthan par sangharsh hua, jisamean mahamood ki parajay huee. is yuddh me afagan sena ka netritv mahamood lodi ne kiya tha.
chunar ka ghera (1532 ee.)
humayooan ke chunar ke qile par akraman ke samay yah qila afagan nayak sherashah (sher khaan) ke qabze mean tha. 4 mahine lagatar qile ko ghere rahane ke bad sher khaan evan humayuan mean ek samajhauta ho gaya. [[chitr:Humayun-Babur-Jahangir-Akbar.jpg|thumb|left|humayooan, babar, jahaangir aur akabar]]samajhaute ke antargat sher khaan ne humayooan ki adhinata svikar karate hue, apane putr kutub khaan ko ek afagan sainik tuk di ke sath humayooan ki sena mean bhejana svikar kar liya tatha badale mean chunar ka qila sher khaan ke adhikar mean chho d diya gaya. humayooan ka kher khaan ko bina parajit kiye chho d dena usaki ek aur b di bhool thi. is sunahare mauke ka fayada uthakar sher khaan ne apani shakti evan sansadhanoan mean vriddhi kar li. doosari taraf humayooan ne is bich apane dhan ka apavyay kiya tatha 1533 ee. humayooan ne dilli mean ‘dinapanah’ nam ke ek vishal durg ka nirman karavaya, jisaka uddeshy tha- mitr evan shatru ko prabhavit karana.
- 1534 ee. mean bihar mean muhammad jaman mirza evan muhammad sultan mirza ke vidroh ko humayooan ne saphalatapoorvak dabaya.
bahadur shah se yuddh (1535-1536 ee.)
gujarat ke shasak bahadur shah ne 1531 ee. mean malava tatha 1532 ee. mean ‘rayasin’ ke qile par adhikar kar liya. 1534 ee. mean usane chittau d par akraman kar use sandhi ke lie badhy kiya. bahadur shah ne tarki ke kushal topachi roomi khaan ki sahayata se ek behatar topakhane ka nirman karavaya. thumb|humayooan doosari taraf sher khaan ne ‘soorajagadh ke raj’ mean bangal ko harakar kafi samman arjit kiya. usaki badhati huee shakti humayooan ke lie chinta ka vishay thi, par humayooan ki pahali samasya bahadur shah tha. bahadur shah evan humayooan ke madhy 1535 ee. mean ‘sarangapur’ mean sangharsh hua. bahadur shah parajit hokar maandoo bhag gaya. is tarah humayooan dvara maandoo evan champaner par vijay ke bad malava evan gujarat usake adhikar mean a ge. isake pashchath bahadur shah ne chittau d ka ghera dala. chittau d ke shasak vikramajit ki maan karnavati ne is avasar par humayooan ko rakhi bhejakar usase bahadur shah ke viruddh sahayata maangi. halaanki bahadur shah ke ek kafir rajy ki sahayata n karane ke nivedan ko humayooan dvara svikar kar liya gaya. ek varsh bad bahadur shah ne purtagaliyoan ke sahayog se punah 1536 ee. mean gujarat evan malava par adhikar kar liya, parantu faravari, 1537 ee. mean bahadur shah ki mrityu ho gee.
sherashah se sangharsh (1537 ee.-1540 ee.)
1537 ee. ke aktoobar mahine mean humayooan ne punah chunar ke qile par ghera dala. sher khaan (sherashah) ke putr kutub khaan ne humayooan ko lagabhag chhah mahine tak qile par adhikar nahian karane diya. antatah humayooan ne kootaniti evan topakhane ke prayog se qile par qabza kar liya. in chhah mahinoan ke dauran sher khaan ne bangal abhiyan mean saphalata prapt kar gau d ke adhikaansh khazane ko rohatas ke qile mean jama kar liya. thumb|left|humayooan chunar ki saphalata ke bad humayooan ne bangal par vijay prapt ki. vah gau d mean 1539 ee. tak raha. 15 agast, 1538 ee. ko jab humayooan ne bangal ke gau d kshetr mean pravesh kiya, to use vahaan par charoan or uja d evan lashoan ka dher dikhaee p da. humayooan ne is sthan ka purnanirman kar isaka nam ‘jannatabad’ rakha.
chausa ka yuddh
26 joon, 1539 ee. ko humayooan evan sher khaan ki senaoan ke madhy ganga nadi ke uttari tat par sthit 'chausa' namak sthan par sangharsh hua. yah yuddh humayooan apani kuchh galatiyoan ke karan har gaya. sangharsh mean mugal sena ki kafi tabahi huee. humayooan ne yuddh kshetr se bhagakar ek bhishti ka sahara lekar kisi tarah ganga nadi par kar apane jan bachaee. jis bhishti ne chausa ke yuddh mean usaki jan bachaee thi, use humayooan ne ek din ke lie dilli ka badashah bana diya tha. chausa ke yuddh mean saphal hone ke bad sher khaan ne apane ko 'sherashah' (rajyabhishek ke samay) ki upadhi se susajjit kiya, sath hi apane nam ke khutabe khudavaye tatha sikke dhalavane ka adesh diya.
bilagram ki l daee (17 mee, 1540 ee.)
bilagram v kannauj mean l di gee is l daee mean humayooan ke sath usake bhaee hindal evan askari bhi the, phir bhi parajay ne humayooan ka sath nahian chho da. is yuddh ki asaphalata ke bad sher khaan ne saralata se agara aur dilli par phir se adhikar liya. is tarah se hindustan ki rajasatta ek bar phir se afaganoan ke hath mean a gee.
sherashah se parast hone ke uparant humayooan siandh chala gaya, jahaan usane lagabhag 15 varsh tak ghumakk doan jaise nirvasit jivan vyatit kiya. is nirvasan ke samay hi humayooan ne hindal ke adhyatmik guru farasavasi shiya mir baba dost urph ‘mir ali akabarajami’ ki putri hamida begam se 29 agast, 1541 ee. ko nikah kar liya, kalantar mean hamida se hi akabar jaise mahanh samrat ka janm hua.
humayooan dvara pun: rajy−prapti
thumb|250px|humayooan humayooan lagabhag 14 varsh tak qabul mean raha. humayooan ne punah 1545 ee. mean kandhar evan kabul par adhikar kar liya. sherashah ke putr islamashah ki mutyu ke bad humayooan ko hindustan par adhikar ka punah avasar mila. 5 sitambar, 1554 ee. mean humayooan apani sena ke sath peshavar pahuancha. faravari, 1555 ee. ko usane lahaur par qabza kar liya.
machchhivara ka yuddh (15 mee, 1555 ee.)
ludhiyana se lagabhag 19 mil poorv mean sataluj nadi ke kinare sthit 'machchhivara' sthan par humayooan evan afagan saradar nasib khaan evan tatar khaan ke bich sangharsh hua. sangharsh ka parinam humayooan ke paksh mean raha. sampoorn panjab mugaloan ke adhikar mean a gaya.
sarahind ka yuddh (22 joon, 1555 ee.)
is sangharsh mean afagan sena ka netritv sultan sikandar soor evan mugal sena ka netritv bairam khaan ne kiya. is sangharsh mean afaganoan ki parajay huee. 23 julaee, 1555 ee. ke shubh kshanoan mean ek bar punah dilli ke takht par humayooan ko baithane ka saubhagy prapt hua.
[[chitr:Humayun-Tomb-Delhi-28.jpg|thumb|250px|left|humayooan ka maqabara, dilli
Humayun's Tomb, Delhi]]
mrityu
dilli ke takht par baithane ke bad yah humayooan ka durbhagy hi tha ki, vah adhik dinoan tak sattabhog nahian kar saka. janavari, 1556 ee. mean ‘dinapanah’ bhavan mean sthit pustakalay ki sidhiyoan se girane ke karan humayooan ki mutyu ho gayi. humayooan ke bare mean itihasakar 'lenapool' ne kaha hai ki, "humayooan girate p date is jivan se mukt ho gaya, thik usi tarah, jis tarah tamam-zindagi vah girate-p date chalata raha tha". humayooan ko abul fazal ne 'insan-e-kamil' kahakar sambodhit kiya hai. humayooan afim khane ka shauqin tha.
chooanki humayooan jyotish mean vishvas karata tha, isalie usane saptah ke satoan din sat rang ke kap de pahanane ke niyam banaye. vah mukhyatah ravivar ko pila rang, shanivar ko kala rang evan somavar ko safed rang ke kap de pahanata tha.
mugal rajy ki sthapana
jis samay humayooan ki mrityu huee us samay usaka putr akabar 13−14 varsh ka balak tha. humayooan ke bad usake putr akabar ko uttaradhikari ghoshit kiya gaya aur usaka sanrakshak bairam khaan ko banaya gaya. tab hemachandr sena lekar dilli aya aur usane muhgaloan ko vahaan se bhaga diya. lekin hemachandr ki bhi parajay 6 navanbar sanh 1556 mean panipat ke maidan mean ho gee. usi din se bharat mean svatantr hindoo rajy ki sthapana ka sapana toot gaya aur balak akabar ke netritv mean mugaloan ka shasan jam gaya.
vithika
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humayooan
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humayooan
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taimoor, babar aur humayooan
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humayooan ka maqabara
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sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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