गौतमीपुत्र सातकर्णि
- raja satakarni ke uttaradhikariyoan ke keval nam hi puranoan dvara jnat hote haian.
- ye nam poornotsang (shasan kal 18 varsh), skandhastambhi (18 varsh), meghasvati (18 varsh) aur gautamiputr satakarni (56 varsh) haian.
- inamean gautamiputr satakarni ke sambandh mean usake shilalekhoan se bahut kuchh parichay prapt hota hai. yah prasiddh shak mahakshatrap 'nahapan' ka samakalin tha, aur isane samipavarti pradeshoan se shak shasan ka ant kiya tha. nasik zile ke 'jogalathambi' namak gaanv se sanh 1906 ee. mean 13,250 sikkoan ka ek dher prapt hua tha. ye sab sikke ek shak kshatrap nahapan ke haian. inamean se lagabhag do tihaee sikkoan par gautamiputr ka nam bhi aankit hai. jisase yah soochit hota hai ki gautamiputr satakarni ne nahapan ko parast kar usake sikkoan par apani chhap lagavaee thi. isamean sandeh nahian, ki shakoan ke utkarsh ke karan pashchimi bharat mean satavahan rajy ki bahut kshin ho gee thi, aur bad mean gautamiputr satakarni ne apane vansh ki shakti aur gaurav ka punaruddhar kiya.
- gautamiputr satakarni ki mata ka nam 'gautami balashri' tha. usane nasik mean trirashmi par ek guha dan ki thi, jisaki divar par ek prashasti utkirn hai. is prashasti dvara gautami balashri ke pratapi putr ke sambandh mean bahut si mahattvapoorn batean jnat hoti hai. usamean raja gautamiputr satakarni ke jo visheshan die haian, usamean se nimnalikhit vishesh roop se dhyan dene yogy haian -
asik asak mulak surath kukur aparant anoop vidabh akar (aur) avanti ke raja, bijh chhavat parijat sahy kanhagiri mach siritan malay mahid setagiri chakor parvatoan ke pati, jisake shasan ko sab rajaoan ka mandal svikar karata tha, kshatriyoan ke darp aur man ka mardan karane vale, shak yavan pahlavoan ke nishoodak, satavahan kul ke yash ke pratishthapak, sab mandaloan se abhivaditacharan, anek samaroan mean shatrusangh ko jitane vale, ekashoor, ek brahman, shatrujanoan ke lie durgharsh sundarapur ke svami adi.
- is lekh se spasht hai ki asak (ashmak) moolak (moolak, rajadhani pratishthan), surath (saurashtr), kukur (kathiyava d ke samip ek prachin gan-janapad), uparant (koankan), anoop (narmada ki ghati ka pradesh), vidarbh (vidarbh, barar), akar (vidisha ka pradesh) aur avanti gautamiputr satakarni ke samrajy ke aantargat the. jin parvatoan ka vah svami tha, ve bhi usake samrajy ke vistar ko soochit karate haian. vijh (vindhy) chhavat (rrikshavath ya satapu da), parijat (pashchimi vindhyachal), sahy (sahadri), kanhagiri (kanheri ya krishnagiri), siritan (shriparvat), malay (malayadri), mahindr (mahendr parvat) aur chakor (puranoan mean shriparvat ki anyatam parvatamala) usake rajy ke vistar par achchha prakash dalate haian.
- is prashasti se yah nishchit ho jata hai ki gautamiputr satakarni sachche arthoan mean dakshinapathapati tha, aur kathiyava d, maharashtr aur avanti ke pradesh avashy hi usake samrajy ke aantargat the.
gautamiputr satakarni jo itane vishal samrajy ka nirman kar saka tha, usaka pradhan karan 'shak yavan palhavoan' ki parajay thi. shak, yavan aur parthiyan logoan ne bahar se akar bharat mean jo anek rajy qayam kar lie the, unake sath satakarni ne ghor yuddh kie, aur unhean parast kar satavahan kul ki shakti aur gaurav ko pratishthapit kiya. videshi shakoan ki bharat mean badhati huee shakti ka daman karana satakarni ka hi kary tha. avanti, ashmak, saurashtr adi jin anek pradeshoan ko satakarni ne apane adhin kiya tha, ve pahale kshaharat kul ke shak kshatrap nahapan ke adhin the. shakoan ko parast karake hi satakarni ne in par apana adhipaty sthapit kiya tha.
- gautamiputr satakarni ke itihas par prakash dalane vale anek shilalekh v sikke khoj dvara prapt hue haian. is pratapi raja se sambandh rakhane vali ek jain anushruti ka ullekh karana bhi is sambandh mean upayogi hoga. jain granth 'avashyak sootr' par 'bhadrabahu svami'-virachit 'niryukti' namak tika mean ek purani gathi di gee hai, jisake anusar 'bharukachchh' ka raja nahavan kosh ka b da dhani tha. doosari or pratishthan ka raja salavahan sena ka dhani tha. salavahan ne nahavan par chadhaee ki, kintu do varsh tak usaki puri ko gher rahane par bhi vah use jit nahian saka. bharukachchh mean kosh ki kami nahian thi. atah salavahan ki sena ka ghera usaka kuchh nahian biga d saka. ab salavahan ne kootaniti ka ashray liya. usane apane ek amaty se rusht hone ka natak kar use nikal diya. yah amaty bharukachchh gaya aur shighr hi nahavan ka vishvasapatr ban gaya. usaki prerana se nahavan ne apana bahut sa dhan devamandir, talab, bav di adi banavane tatha dan-puny mean vyay kar diya. ab jab phir salavahan ne bharukachchh par chadhaee ki, to nahavan ka kosh khali tha. vah parast ho gaya, aur bharukachchh bhi salavahan ke samrajy mean shamil ho gaya. shak kshatrap nahavan (nahapan) ke dan-puny ka kuchh parichay usake jamata ushaudat ke lekhoan se mil sakata hai.
- 'kalakachary' kathanak ke anusar jis raja 'vikramadity' ne shakoan ka sanhar kiya tha, vah pratishthan ka raja tha. salavahan ya satavahan vansh ki rajadhani bhi pratishthan hi thi. is bat ko drishti mean rakhakar shri jayasaval v any anek aitihasikoan ne yah sthapana ki hai, ki bharat ki dant-kathaoan aur prachin sahity ka 'shakari vikramadity' aur satavahanavanshi pratapi raja 'gautamiputr satakarni' ek hi the, aur is shak nishudak raja ka shasan kal 99 ee. poo. se 44 ee. poo. tak tha.
- puranoan ke anusar isane 56 sal aur jain anushruti ke anusar 55 sal tak rajy kiya tha. yadi satavahan vansh ke pratham raja ka shasan kal 210 ee. poo. ke lagabhag mana jae to puranoan ki vanshatalika ke anusar satakarni ka shasan kal samay yahi banata hai. vikrami sanvat ka prarambh 57 ee. poo. mean hota hai. yah sanvat shakoan ki parajay sadrish mahattvapoorn ghatana ki smriti mean hi prarambh hua tha, aur anushruti ke anusar jis raja vikramadity ke sath isaka sambandh hai, vah yadi gautamiputr satakarni hi ho, to isamean ashchary ki koee bat nahian. par isase yah nahian samajhana chahie, ki vikram sanvat ka prarambh gautamiputr satakarni dvara kiya gaya tha. is sanvat ka prarambh malavagan ki sthiti se hua mana jata hai.
- shak akrantaoan ne jis prakar satavahan ke gaurav ko kshin kiya tha, vaise hi ganarajyoan ko bhi unhoanne parabhoot kiya tha. shakoan ki shakti ke kshin hone par bharat ke prachin ganarajyoan ka punarutthan hua. shakoan ki parajay ki shrey keval satavahanivanshi satakarni ko hi nahian hai. malavagan ke vir yoddhaoan ka bhi is sambandh mean bahut kartritv tha. unake gan ki punahsthiti se ek ne sanvat ka prarambh hua, jo bad mean vikram-sanvat kahalaya. par jayasaval ji ki yah sthapana bhi b de mahattv ki hai, ki gautamiputr satakarni ka hi any nam ya upanam vikramadity bhi tha, aur vahi bharatiy anushruti ka 'shakari ya shakanishudak vikramadity' tha. par yah mat poornataya nirvivad nahian hai. satakarni ke kal ke sambandh mean bhi aitihasikoan mean matabhed hai. anek itihasakar use doosari ee. poo. ka manate haian.
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