नीलम

thumb|nilam nav ratn mean nilam bhi hota hai. nilam shani grah ka ratn hai. nilam ratn gahare nile aur halke nile rang ka hota hai. yah bhi kee rangoan mean paya jata hai; masalan- mor ki gardan jaisa, halna nila, pila adi. mor ki gardan jaise rang vala nilam uttam shreni ka mana jata hai. nilam paradarshi, chamakadar aur lochadar ratn hai. shani ka ratn nilam elyoominiyam aur aauksijan ke mel se banata hai. ise kuruandam samooh ka ratn mana jata hai. thumb|left|nilam

ratn

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• qimati patthar ko ratn kaha jata hai apani suandarata ki vajah se yah qimati hote haian.
• ratn akarshak khanij ka ek tuk da hota hai jo kataee aur p aaulish karane ke bad gahane aur any alankaran banane ke lie prayog kiya jata hai. bahut se ratn thos khanij ke hote haian, lekin kuchh naram khanij ke bhi hote haian.
• ratn apani chamak aur any bhautik gunoan ke sauandary ki vajah se gahane mean upayog kiya jata hai.
• grediang, katane aur p aaulish se ratnoan ko ek naya roop aur rang diya jata hai aur isi roop aur rang ki vajah se yah ratn gahanoan ko aur bhi akarshak banate haian.
• ratn ka rang hi usaki sabase spasht aur akarshak visheshata hai. ratnoan ko garm kar ke usake rang ki spashtata badhaee jati hai.

prachin granthoan ke anusar uchch koti mean 84 prakar ke ratn ate haian. inamean se bahut se ratn ab aprapy haian tatha bahut se ne-ne ratnoan ka avishkar bhi hua hai. ratnoan mean mukhyatah nau hi ratn zyada pahane jate haian. vartaman samay mean prachin granthoan mean varnit ratnoan ki soochiyaan pramanik nahian rah gee haian.

any nam

• nilam ko aangrezi bhasha mean sephayar kahate haian.
• nilam ko urdoo aur farasi mean ise yakoot, kabood aur nilam nam se jana jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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