सांख्य दर्शन और महाभारत

mahabharat ke shaanti parv mean saankhy darshan ke vibhinn roopoan ka vistrit v spasht parichay milata hai. tattv ganana ka roop yahaan saankhy shastr ke prachalit roop mean anukool hi hai. isake atirikt saankhy-parampara ke anek prachin acharyoan tatha unake upadeshoan ka sankalan bhi shaanti parv mean upalabdh hai. jis spashtata ke sath saankhy-mahimagan yahaan kiya gaya hai, usase mahabharatakar ke saankhy ke prati rujhan ka sanket milata hai. puranoan ki hi tarah mahabharat mean bhi darshan ke roop mean saankhy ko hi prastut kiya gaya hai. at: yadi mahabharat ke shaantiparv ko ham saankhy darshan ka hi ek prachin granth kahean to atishayokti n hogi. mahabharat ke shaanti parv ke antargat saankhy darshan ke kuchh prasangoan par vichar karane ke uparant ham usamean prastut saankhy-darshan ki spasht rooparekha prastut kareange.

• adhyay 300 shaanti parv mean yudhishthir dvara saankhy aur yog mean antar poochhane par bhishm uttar dete haian.

anishvar: kathan muchyedityevan shatrukarshan.
vadanti karanai: shraishthyan yoga: samyakh manishin:॥3॥

vadanti karanan chedan saankhya: samyagvijatay:.
vijnayeh gati: sarva virakto vishayeshu y: ॥4॥

oordhvan s dehath suvyaktan vimuchyediti nanyatha.
etadahurmahaprajna: saankhye vai mokshadarshanamh ॥5॥

• isake uparant kahate haian- 'shauch, tap, daya, vratoan ke palan adi mean donoan saman haian keval darshan (drishti ya paddhati) mean antar hai.' is par yudhishthir pun: prashn karate haian ki jab vrat, pavitrata adi mean donoan darshan saman haian aur parinam bhi ek hi hai tab darshan mean samanata kyoan nahian haian? isake uttar mean bhishm yog ka vistrit parichay dene ke uparant saankhy vishayak janakari dete haian. ukt janakari ke kuchh pramukh aansh is prakar haian-

prakritian chapyatikramy gachchhatyatmanamavyayamh.
paran narayanatmanan nirdvandvan prakrite: paramh॥ arthat jab jivatma prakriti (aur usake vikaroan) ka atikraman kar leta hai tab vah dvandvarahit, prakriti se pare narayan svaroop paramatma ko prapt ho jata hai.
vimukt: punyapapebhy: pravishtastamanamayamh.
paramatmanamagunan n nivartati bharat ॥97

shisht: tatr manastat indriyani ch bharat
agachchhanti yathakalan guro: sandeshakarin:॥98 bhavarth yah hai ki punyapap se vimukt (sadhak) anamay agun paramatma mean pravisht ho jata hai, vah phir se is sansar mean nahian lautata. is prakar jivatma prarabdhavash guru ke adesh palan karane vale shishy ki bhaanti yatha samay gamanagaman karate haian.
aksharan dhruvamevoktan poornan brahm sanatanamh.101
anadimadhyanidhanan nirdvandvan kartri shashvatamh.

kootasthan chaiv nityan ch yadh vadanti manishin: ॥102॥

yat: sarva: pravartante sargapralayavikriya:. 103

isake bad is sthal par saankhy shastr ki prashansa, mahima ka varnan hai. is prasang par dhyan dene se yah bat spasht ho jati hai ki saankhy shastr mean jivatma, paramatma tatha prakriti-tin tattvoan ko manyata prapt hai. at: arambh mean jo anishvar shabd ka prayog hua hai vah saankhy ki anishvaravadita ka dyotak n hokar moksh mean usaki upayogita ki asvikriti matr hai. saankhy darshan mean vivek-jnan hi moksh mean pramukh hai.

• adhyay 302 se 308 tak karal-janak aur vasishth-sanvad ke roop mean saankhy aur yogadarshan ke vistrit parichay ka prasang hai. is sanvad ko prachin itihas ke roop mean prastut karate hue pahale kshar aur akshar tattv ka bhed, vargikaran, lakshan adi ka ullekh karake yog ka parichay dene ke uparant saankhy shastr ka varnan. adhyay 306 mean vasishth- sanvad is prakar prastut kiya gaya hai-

saankhyajnanan pravakshyami parisankhyanadarshanamh॥26॥

avyaktamahu: prakritian para prakritivadin:.
tasmanmahath samutpannan dvitiyan rajasattam॥27॥

ahankarastu mahatastritiyamiti n: shrut:.
panchabhootanyahankaradahu: saankhyatmadarshin:॥28॥

eta: prakritayashchashtau vikarashchapi shodash.
panch chaiv vishesha vai tatha panchendriyani ch ॥29॥

tattvani chaturvianshath parisankhyay tattvat:.
saankhya: sah prakritya tu nistattv: panchavianshak:॥43॥

yahaan saankhyashastriy parampara ke anusar tattvoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai. is varnan mean 'saankhyakarika' se ati prachin 'tattvasamasasootr' ki jhalak milati hai. ashtau prakritay: ko yahaan 'prakritay: ch ashtau' ke roop mean tatha shodash vikara: ko vikarashch shodash ke roop mean prastut kiya gaya. lagabhag isi tarah saankhy tattvoan ka varnan 310vean adhyay mean bhi ata hai.

• adhyay 318 mean vishvavasu prashn karata hai ki pachchisavean tattv roop jivatma paramatma se abhinn hai athava bhinn hai. isake uttar mean yajnavalky kahate haian-

abudhyamanaan prakritian budhyate panchavishak:.
n tu budhyati gandharv prakriti: panchavianshakamh॥70॥

pashyanstathaiv chapashchanh pashyatyany: sadanagh.
shadavianshan panchavianshan ch chaturvishan ch pashyati॥72॥

n tu pashyati pashyanstu yashchainamanupashyati.
panchavianshoabhimanyet nanyoasti parato mam॥73॥

yada tu manyateanyoahamany esh iti dvij:.
tada s kevalibhoot: shadavianshamanupashyati ॥77॥

anyashch rajannayavarastathany: panchavianshak:.
tatsthanachchanupashyanti ek eveti sadhav:॥78॥

sankshiptarth is prakar hai- achetan prakriti ko pachchisavaan tattvaroop purush to janata hai kintu prakriti use nahian janati. chhabbisavaan tattv chaubisavean tattv (prakriti) pachchisavean tattv (jivatma) ko janata hai. jab (jivatma) yah samajh leta hai ki maian any hooan aur yah (prakriti) any hai tab keval (prakritisansargarahit) ho, chhabbisavean tattv ko dekhata hai. shaantiparv mean darshan aur adhyatm ke vibhinn ullekhoan mean saankhy darshan nyoonadhik uparyukt prasangoan ke hi anuroop hai. uparyukt varnan ke adhar par saankhy darshan ki jo rooparekha ban sakati hai, vah is prakar hai-

• saankhy darshanik chaubis, pachchis, chhabbis tatvoan ko manate haian. tadanusar prakriti, jise avyakt bhi kaha jata hai ek tattv hai. prakriti se mahat, ahankar, panchabhoot (tanmatr) man, paanch jnanendriyaan, karmendriyaan paanch sthool bhoot-is tarah chaubis tattv haian.
• prachalit saankhy, parampara mean 'purush' bhi tattv roop mean bina jata hai jise yahaan nistattv manakar panchavianshak roop mean svikar kiya gaya. is tarah chaubis athava pachchis ke ganana bhed mean parampara ya koee dosh nahian haian aur koee prachalit ganana se virodh bhi nahian haian. chhabbisavean tattv kahane mean chaubis tatha pachchis ki ganana se samanjasy spasht ho jata hai. mahabharatakar ko yah poori ganana saankhy darshan ke roop mean svikar karane mean sankoch nahian tha. isaka arth yah hai ki usake anusar saankhy darshan mean paramatma ki satta many hai.

avyaktatma purusho vyaktakarma
soavyaktatattvan gachchhati antakale. purush ka vastavik svaroop avyakt hai aur karm vyakt roop hai. at: antakal mean vah avyakt bhav ko prapt ho jata hai.

avyaktadh vyaktamutpannan vyaktadvastu paroakshar:.
yasmatparataran nasti tamasmi sharanan gat:॥ jis avyakt se vyakt utpann hota hai jo vyakt se pare v akshar hai, jisase pare any kuchh bhi nahian hai maian usaki sharan mean jata hooan.

gunadinirgunaschadyo lakshmivaanshchetano vhyaj:.
sookshm: sarvagato yogi s mahatma prasidatu॥71॥

saankhyayogashch ye chanye siddhashch paramarshay:.
yan viditva vibhuchyante s mahatma prasidatu॥72॥

avyakt: samadhishthata hyachinty: sadasatpar:.
asthiti: prakritishreshth: s mahatma prasidatu॥73॥

asharir: sharirasthan saman sarveshu dehishu॥

pashyanti yoga: saankhyashch svashastrakritalakshana:.
ishtanishtavimuktan hi tasthau brahrimaparatparamh॥

• uparyukt uddharanoan mean brahm, avyakt, prakritishreshth, nirgun, chetan aj, adhishthata, sadasatpar: (karyakaran prakat aprakat se pare) adi samast pad paramatma ki hi or lakshit haian. phir paramatma ashariri hai lekin 'dehadhariyoan' mean sthit hai. is paramatma ko hi avyakt prakriti vikaradi mean vyapt bhi kaha gaya hai.
• avyakt shabd ko yadyapi saankhy darshan mean prayash: prakriti ke lie prayukt mana gaya hai, lekin mahabharat mean prayukt shabd ke prayog ke adhar par shri surendranath dasagupt ise purush ke lie bhi prayukt manate haian.
• saankhy shastriy prakriti aur usaki trigunatmakata ka ullekh bhi mahabharat mean anekatr hua hai. ete pradhanasy gunastray,trigunadharmaya, tamorajastatha satvangunanh,adi prayogoan se tatha sattv rajas v tamas shabdoan ke saankhyiy arth ke anekash: prayogoan se tatha srishtikram sambandhi adhikaansh varnanoan mean saankhyadarshan ka hi ullekh v prabhav parilakshit hota hai. adhyay 210 ka yah srishtivarnan drashtavy hai-

purushadhishthitanh bhavanh prakriti: sooyate sada.
hetuyuktamat: poorvan jagath samparivartate॥25॥

yahaan prakriti ki purushadhishthitata aur jagath (vyakt) ki hetumatta mean saankhy sootr 'tansannidhanadadhishthatritvan' mathar tatha gaudapad dvara uddhrit shashthitantr ke sootr 'purushadhishthitan pradhanan pravatartate' tatha 'hetumadanityan' spasht pratidhvanit hote haian- moolaprakritiyoan hyashtau tattvasamasasootr ka sanket deta hai. isi kram mean age shodashavikaroan ka varnan saankhyanusar hai. isi sanvadakram mean 211vean adhyay mean 4 tha shlok saankhy sootr 1/164 ki vyakhya ke roop mean prastut hai.

• shaanti parv shlok-

tadvadavyaktaja bhava: kartrikaranalakshana:.
achetanashchetayitu: karanadabhisanhita:॥

• saankhy sootr haian- 'uparagatkartritvan chitsannidhyachchidhyath'. mahabharat mean sattv, rajas v tamas ki sukh-du:kh mohatmakata athava prityapriti vishadatmakata ka bhi vistrit varnan hota hai. tathapi yahaan gunoan ka ullekhavistar tattvamimaansiy drishti ke sath manovaijnanik bhav athava gunoan ke roop mean adhik paya jata hai.
• mokshaprapti mean hetu mahabharat mean pray: saankhyanuroop hi hai. saankhy parampara mean vyakt, avyakt aur 'jn' ke vivek se mukti ki bat kahian gee hai, shaanti parv adhyay mean kaha gaya hai-

vikaran prakritian chaiv purushan ch sanatanamh. yo yathavadvijanati s vitrishno vimuchyate॥ jnanavan purush jab yah jan leta hai ki 'maian' any hooan yah prakriti any hai- tab vah prakritirahit shuddh svaroopasth ho jata hai

• is prakar mahabharat mean prastut darshan poornat: saankhy darshan hi hai. jo pramukh antar donoan mean pratit hota hai vah hai paramatma brahm ya purushottam ki svikriti.

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