परमाणु

1. REDIRECTsaancha:adhar

paramanu (Atom), tattv ka vah chhota se chhota kan hai, jo kisi bhi rasayanik abhikriya mean bhag le sakata hai parantu svatantr avastha mean nahi rah sakata hai. bharat ke mahan rrishi kanad ke anusar sabhi padarth atyant sookshmakanoan se bane haian, jise paramanu kaha gaya hai.

anu (Molecule)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

tattv tatha yaugik ka vah chhota se chhota kan jo svatantr avastha mean rah sakata hai, anu kahalata hai.

paramanu bhar (Atomic weight)

kisi tattv ka paramanu bhar vah sankhya hai, jo yah pradarshit karata hai ki tattv ka ek paramanu, karban-12 ke paramanu ke 1/12 bhag dravyaman athava haidrojan ke 1.008 bhag dravyaman se kitana guna bhari hai.

anu bhar (Molecular weight)

kisi padarth ka anu bhar vah sankhya hai, jo yah pradarshit karati hai ki us padarth ka ek anu karban-12 ke ek paramanu ke 1/12 bhag se kitana guna bhari hai.

mol dharana (Mole concept)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

ek mol kisi bhi nishchit sootr vale padarth ki vah rashi hai, jisamean is padarth ke ikaee sootr ki sankhya utani hai, jinaki shuddh karban-12 aisotop ke thik 12 gram mean paramanuoan ki sankhya hai.

paramanu vibhajy

20vian shatabdi mean adhunik khojoan ke parinamasvarup je॰ je॰ th aaumasan, radaraphord, chaidavik adi vaijnanikoan ne yah siddh kar diya ki paramanu vibhajy hai tatha mukhyatah tin mool kanoan se milakar bana hai, jinhean ileqtr aaun, prot aaun tatha nyootr aaun kahate haian. pramukh mool kanoan ke abhilakshan

pramukh mool kanoan ke abhilakshan

mool kan	pratik	avesh	dravyaman (gram)	dravyaman (amu)	khojakarta
ileqtr aaun	-1e0	-1	9.1095X10-28g	0.0005486	je॰ je॰ th aaumasan
prot aaun	1p1	+1	1.6726X10-24g	1.0073335	goldastin
nyootr aaun	0n1	0	1.6749X10-24g	1.008724	chaidavik (1932)

paramanu kramaank (Atomic number)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kisi tattv ke paramanu ke nabhik mean upasthit prot aaunoan ki sankhya ko paramanu kramaank kahate haian.

dravyaman sankhya (Mass number)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kisi paramanu ke nabhik mean upasthit prot aaunoan aur nyootronoan ki sankhyaoan ka yog us paramanu ki dravyaman sankhya kahalati hai.

kvantam sankhya (Quantum Number)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

varnakram (spektram) rekhaoan ki sookshm prakriti samajhane tatha ileqtr aaun ki thik-thik sthiti ka varnan karane hetu char kvantam sankhyaoan ka prayog kiya jata hai, ye haian-

• mukhy qvantam sankhya
• diganshi qvantam sankhya
• chumbakiy qvantam sankhya
• chakran qvantam sankhya

paooli ka apavarjan niyam (Pauli's exclusion principle, 1925)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

isake anusar ek die ge paramanu mean kinhian do ileqtr aaunoan ke lie charoan qvantam sankhyaoan ka man saman nahian ho sakata.

hund ka adhikatam bahulata niyam (Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity)

isake anusar ileqtr aaun tab tak yugmit nahian hote jab tak ki rikt kakshak prapy haian arthath jab tak sambhav hai, ileqtr aaun ayugmit rahate haian.

haijenavarg ka anishchitata siddhant (Heisenberg's uncertaninty principle)

isake anusar kisi kan ki sthiti (position) aur veg (velocity) ka ek sath yatharth nirdharan asanbhav hai.

aaufabaoo niyam (Aufbau principle)

is niyam dvara tattvoan ke ileqtr aaunik vinyas likhane ke lie vibhinn paramanu kakshakoan ki oorja badhane ka kram is prakar hai-

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

samasthanik (Isotopes)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

saman paramanu kramaank parantu bhinn paramanu dravyamanoan ke paramanuoan ko samasthanik kahate haian.

samabharik (Isobars)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

saman paramanu dravyaman parantu bhinn paramanu kramaank ke paramanuoan ko samabharik kahate haian.

samanyootr aaunik (Isotone)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

jin paramanuoan mean nyootr aaunoan ki sankhya saman hoti hai, unhean samanyootr aaunik kahate haian.

samileqtr aaunik (Isoelectronic)

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

jin ayanoan aur paramanuoan ke ileqtr aaunik vinyas saman hote haian, unhean samileqtr aaunik kahate haian.