अरित्रपाद

aritrapad (kopepoda) kathini (krasteshia) varg ka ek anuvarg (sabaklas) hai. is anuvarg ke sadasy jal mean rahanevale tatha kavach se dhake prani haian. aratripad ka arth hai aritr (nav khene ke daan de) ke sadrish pairavale jiv. kopep aaud ka bhi thik yahi arth hai. is anuvarg mean kee jatiyaan haian. adhikaansh itane sookshm hote haian ki ve keval sookshm darshi se dekhe ja sakate haian. khare aur mithe donoan prakar ke pani mean ye milate haian. sansar ke sagaroan mean kahian bhi mahin jal dalakar khianchane se is anuvarg ke prani avashy milate haian. amarika ke ek bandaragah ke pas ek gaj ke jal ko 15 minat tak ghasitane par lagabhag 25,00,000 jiv aritrapad anuvansh ke mile. machhaliyoan ke ahar mean ye mukhy avayav haian. adhikaansh aritrapad svachchhand vicharate rahate haian aur apane se chhote prani aur kan khakar jivit rahate haian parantu kuchh jati ke aritrapad machhaliyoan ke sharir mean chipake rahate haian aur unaka rudhir choosate rahate haian. svatantr roop se mithe ya khare pani mean tairati huee paee janevali jatiyoan ke achchhe udaharan madhyaksh (saikl aaups-sir ke bich mean aankhavale) tatha kailanas haian. thumb|nar madhyaksh (adhar drishy)|left patrana di ka sharir khandadar hai; shirsh aur vaksh ek mean (jise shirshoras, sefalotheraiks, kahate haian), udar (aibdomen) pray: prithakh‌ tatha akar ek lanbi, patali, bich mean sankari, vilayati nashapati ki tarah hota hai. shirshoras ka oopari avaran utkavach (kairapes) kahalata hai. isake agale sir ke prishth par bich mean ek chakshu hota hai jo madhyachakshu (midiyam ai) kahalata hai. aantim udar tanookhandak (ebd aauminal somait=rur ke lanbe khand) se do ghooaanyuktapuchchhakantika (ploomd k aaudal stails) ju di rahati haian. sparshasootrak (aitenyoolas) bahut lanbe, ekashakhi (yuniraimas) tatha sanvedak hote haian aur prachalan ke kam ate haian. tin ya char auras dvishakhi pair bhi hote haian, jo pani mean tej chalane ke kam ate haian.

is anuvarg ke sadasy khady vastuoan ko, jo pani mean milate haian, apane mukh ki or sparshasootr (aianteni) tatha janbhoan (maiandibals, jab doan) se parichalit karake aur upajanbh (maiksili) se chhanakar mukh mean lete haian. thumb|madhyaksh ka bachcha trayuanpag mada madhyakshoan (saikl aaups) mean shukradhan (sparmathika =shukr rakhane ki thaili) chhathe auras khand (thoresik segmeant) mean hota hai. donoan taraph ki aandapranali aandasyoon (eg saik) mean khulati hai aur shukradhan se bhi sanbandhit rahati hai. nar shukrabhar (sparmatofor) mada ke sharir mean pravesh karata hai aur nishechan ke bad mada nishikt aandakosh, jab tak bachche aand ke bahar nahian nikalate, aandasyoon mean hi lie phirati hai. bachche aande se nikalane par tyupaang (naplias) kahalate haian. dhire-dhire aur adhik tanookhandak tatha apaang banate haian aur is tarah paanch lagatar padoan mean tyoopaang praudh avastha (madhyaksh) ko prapt hota hai.

parajivi aritrapad-isamean nar adhikaansh mean mada se bahut chhote hote haian. ve ya to svatantr roop se rahate haian ya mada se chipate rahate haian. unake sharir ka akar aur rachana mada ke sharir ki rachana se uchch star ki hoti hai. jivanachakr bahut hi jatil evan manoranjak hota hai. mukhy parajivi aritrapad nimnalikhit haian:

1. aankushasootr (argasilas)-yah parsh machhali (m aaurona laibraks) ke galaph doan se chipaka rahata hai. isake upaang bahut chhote hote haian. sparshasootr poshita (host) ko pak dane ke lie aankush (huk) ya kaantoan mean parinat ho jate haian.
2. palikay prajati (aianthesoma)-yah shark machhaliyoan (laimnakaranubika) ke mukh mean paya jata hai. isake sharir ka akar anek atichchhadi piandakoan ke rahane se any jatiyoan se bahut bhijh hota hai.
3. viroopa prajati (nikothi)-yah b de jhoange (labstar) ki jal shvasanikaoan (gils) mean paya jata hai. isake sparshasootr aur mukhaang shoshan karanevale aangoan mean parivartit ho jate haian. vaksh (uras) se b de-b de piandak nikalane ke karan isaka roop bahut bhadda lagata hai.thumb|stri maghyaksh
4. kasyijiviprajati (kaandrakaianthas)-yah asthimatsy (bonifish) ki jalashvasanika mean chipate hue milate haian. lanbaee mean nar mada ka barahavaan bhag hota hai. isaka sharir akhandit aur chapata hota hai, jisase bahut se jhurridar piandak nikale rahate haian. nar sada mada se jananeandriy ke nikat chipata rahata hai. isaka sharir itana bhadda aur kuroop hota hai ki yadi isamean aandasyoon n hote to ise aritrapad nahian kaha ja sakata tha.
5. krimikay prajati (larania)- yah ki de ke akar ka hota hai. isake shir ke agale sire par piandak hote haian. upajanbh se yah poshita ke cham de ko chhedakar usake sharir se ras choosata hai- 1: sparshasootr dvitiy; 2: aurasapad pratham; 3: aurasapad dvitiy; 4: aandasyoon; 6: madhyaksh; 7: vrishan
6. hoonashir prajati (lesatira)- yah jenipteres blekods namak machhali mean paya jata hai. mada ki lanbaee aandasyoon ko chho dakar 70 milimitar hoti hai. isaka sir phoola hua hota hai jo apani poshita machhali ke cham de aur maansapeshiyoan ke bich mean rahata hai tatha baki dh d pani mean latakata rahata hai.
7. lanbakay prajati (trekeliaistij)- yah apane doosare upajanbh dvara poshita se chipata rahata hai.
8. maanstrila-yah pray: pururominoan (p aaulikita) mean rahate haian. inaka jivanachakr b da jatil hota hai. nar evan mada tatha aande se nikale hue tyoopaang chalate-phirate haian. kiantu praudh hone tak ke bich ki avasthaoan mean apana ahar kee tarah se pururominoan mean parajivi rahakar sparshasootr dvara prapt karate haian.
9. kailigas-ye chalanashil bahi:parajivi (ektopairasait) machhali ke jal-shvasanika-veshm (cheanbar) mean rahate haian. inake sharir ki rachana bahut bhaddi hoti hai; ras choosane ke lie shoshananalikaean hoti haian.
10. harpillobias-ye parajivi valayi (ainelids) mean pae jate haian. mada ek thaili ki tarah hoti hai, jo poshita ke sharir se moolakoan (rootalaits) dvara ahar khianchati hai. nar bhi chhoti theli ke akar ke hote haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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