कलकत्ता की काल कोठरी
thumb|250px|kalakatta ki kal kothari
Black Hole Of Calcutta
kalakatta ki kal kothari mean ghati ghatana bharatiy itihas ki pramukh ghatanaoan mean se ek hai. 20 joon, 1756 ee. ko bangal ke navab sirajuddaula ne nagar par qabza kar liya. kalakatta sthit adhikaansh aangrez parajit hone par jahazoan dvara nadi ke marg se bhag chuke the aur jo tho de se bhagane mean asaphal rahe, ve bandi bana liye gaye. unhean qile ke bhitar hi ek kothari mean rakha gaya tha, jo 'kalakothari' nam se vikhyat hai aur jisake vishay mean navab sirajuddaula poornataya anabhijn tha. is kothari ko 'blek h aaul' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai.
kothari ki ghatana
sirajuddaula dvara nagar par qabza karane aur eest iandiya kanpani ki pratirakshak sena dvara parishad ke ek sadasy 'j aaun jed h aaulavel' ke netritv mean samarpan karane ke bad ghati ghatana mean navab ne shesh bache yooropiy pratirakshakoan ko ek kothari mean band kar diya tha, jisamean anek bandiyoan ki mrityu ho gee thi, yah ghatana bharat mean british samrajyavad ke adarshikaran ka ek sanasanikhej muqadama aur vivad ka vishay bani. navab ne kalakatta par isalie akraman kiya, kyoanki kanpani ne sat varshiy yuddh 1756-1763 ee. ki ashanka mean apane pratidvandvoan se suraksha hetu nagar ki qilebandi ka kam navab ke kahane ke bavajood nahian roka.
ghatana aur usaki sandigdhata
aisa mana jata hai ki, bangal ke navab ne 146 aangrez bandiyoan, jinamean striyaan aur bachche bhi sammilit the, ko ek 18 phut lanbe, 14 phut 10 ianch chau de kamare mean band kar diya tha. 20 joon, 1756 ee. ki rat ko band karane ke bad, jab 23 joon ko pratah kothari ko khola gaya to, usamean 23 log hi jivit paye gaye. jivit rahane valoan mean 'halavail' bhi the, jinhean hi is ghatana ka rachayita mana jata hai. is ghatana ki vishvasaniyata ko itihasakaroan ne sandigdh mana hai, aur itihas mean is ghatana ka mahatv keval itana hi hai, ki aangrezoan ne is ghatana ko age ke akramak yuddh ka karan banaye rakha.
yuddh ki ghoanshana
is prakar se kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) ka patan plasi yuddh ki poorv pithika mana jata hai. aangrez adhikariyoan ne madras se apani us sena ko r aaubart klaiv ke netritv mean kalakatta bheja, jisaka gathan fraansisiyoan se mukabalean ke lie kiya gaya tha. is sainy abhiyan mean 'edamiral vatsan', klaiv ka sahayak tha. aangrazoan dvara 2 janavari, 1757 ee. ko kalakatta par adhikar karane ke bad unhoanne navab ke khilaf yuddh ki ghoshan kar di. parinasvaroop navab ko klaiv ke sath 9 janavari, 1757 ee. ko alinagar ki sandhi (navab dvara kalakatta ko diya gaya nam) karani p di. sandhi ke anusar navab ne aangrezoan ko vah adhikar punah pradan kiya, jo unhean samrat farrukhasiyar ke faraman dvara mila hua tha, aur isake sath hi tin lakh rupaye kshatipoorti ke roop mean diya.
klaiv ki kootaniti
ab r aaubart klaiv ne kootaniti ke sahare navab ke un adhikariyoan ko apani or milana chaha, jo navab se asantushth the. apani is yojana ke antargat klaiv ne senapati mir zafar, sahookar jagat seth, manik chandr, kalakatta ka vyapari ray dularbh tatha amin chandr se ek shadayantr kar sirajuddaula ko hatane ka prayatn kiya. isi bich march, 1757 ee. mean aangrazoan ne fraansisiyoan se chandranagar ke jit liya. aangrezoan ke in samast krityoan se navab ka krodh sima se bahar ho gaya, jisaki antim parinati 'plasi ke yuddh' ke roop mean huee.
vishleshan
1915 ee. mean je.ech. lital ne h aaulavel ki gavahi aur varnan ko avishvasaniy batate hue spasht kiya ki, is ghatana mean navab ki bhoomika sirf laparahavi baratane bhar ki thi. is prakar in vivaranoan ne sandeh ko janm diya. 1959 ee. mean apane ek adhyayan mean brijen gupta ne ullekh kiya hai ki, yah ghatana ghati avashy, lekin kal kothari mean bandiyoan ki sankhya lagabhag 64 thi, jinamean se 21 jivit bache the.
|
|
|
|
|
|
sanbandhit lekh