गोपालदास नीरज
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gopaladas saksaina 'niraj' (aangrezi: Gopaldas Saxena 'Neeraj' , janm- 4 janavari, 1925, itava; mrityu- 19 julaee, 2018, dilli) hindi sahityakar, shikshak evan kavi sammelanoan ke manchoan par kavy vachak evan filmoan ke git lekhak the. ve pahale vyakti the, jinhean shiksha aur sahity ke kshetr mean bharat sarakar ne do-do bar sammanit kiya. ve sarvadhik lokapriy aur prasiddh kavi the, jinhoanne apani marmasparshi kavyanubhooti tatha saral bhasha dvara hindi kavita ko ek naya mo d diya aur bachchan ji ke bad nayi pidhi ko sarvadhik prabhavit kiya. niraj ji se hindi sansar achchhi tarah parichit hai. jan samaj ki drishti mean vah manav prem ke anyatam gayak the. 'bhadant anand kausalyanan ke shabdoan mean "unamean hindi ka ashvaghosh banane ki kshamata hai." dinakar ke anusar "ve hindi ki vina haian." any bhasha-bhashiyoan ke vichar mean "ve sant-kavi the" aur kuchh alochak unhean 'nirash-mrityuvadi' manate haian. aj anek gitakaroan ke kanth mean unhian ki anugooanj hai.
jivan parichay
'niraj' ka janm 4 janavari, 1925 ko uttarapradesh ke itava ke 'puravali' namak gram mean ek sadharan kayasth-parivar mean hua tha. jab vah 6 varsh ke abodh balak hi the ki achanak usake pita 'baboo brajakishor' svarg sidhar ge aur vah pita ke sneh se vanchit ho gaye. baboo brajakishor ne dehavasan se poorv apani jamiandari adi bechakar 'khanapur stet' mean naukari kar li thi. paitrik sampatti ke nam par unake parivar ke bharan-poshan ke lie kuchh bhi nahian bacha tha. parinamasvaroop vah apane phoopha 'baboo haradayalaprasad' vakil ke pas eta chale gaye aur vahaan unhoanne maan ke snehaanchal se door rahakar lagabhag 11 varsh tak athak jivan-sangharsh kiya. jivan-yapan ke sadhan sulabh karane ki chianta mean usake adhyayan ka kram bhi prarambh mean avaruddh-sa ho gaya tha, kiantu phir bhi unhoanne himmat n hari aur k di mehanat tatha ji to d koshishoan ke bad atyant kathin paristhitiyoan mean sanh 1942 mean eta se haee skool ki pariksha sasamman pratham shreni mean uttirn ki.
dilli aur naukari
1942 ke navambar mean vah dilli ae aur yahaan sarakar ke saplaee-vibhag mean 'taipist' lag gaye. is sthan par usane 67 rupaye masik par lagabhag do varsh tak kary kiya. un dinoan use atyant kathinaee ka samana karana p da. 67 rupaye mean se 35 - 40 rupaye vah ghar bhej dete the. aur sheshaansh mean kathinaee se hi gujara chalata tha. bachat karane ki drishti se vah keval dopahar ko ek samay hi bazar ki 'poori' isalie khate tha jisase ve der mean hajam hoan aur bhookh jaldi n lage. isaka dushparinam unhean aj tak bhogana p d raha aur vah 1944 se 'kolaitis' tatha 'livar' ki bimari ka shikar hai. yahaan yah ullekhaniy hai ki unhian dinoan vah nirantar 9 mas tak bukhar ane par bhi apana ilaj karane ke lie daftar se chhutti n le sake aur n paise ke abhav mean bhalibhaanti ilaj hi kara sake. apane dilli pravas mean 'niraj' kuchh din tak nee dilli ke panchakuiyaan ples par rahakar bad mean 'shahadara' ke muhalla maharam mean a gaye the. jab shahadara mean 1945 mean the tab unake makan par hindi ke yug pravartak kavi shri sooryakaant tripathi nirala aur prakhyat alochak shri 'shaantipriy dvivedi' bhi thahare the.
kanapur pravas
dilli mean kuchh din tak 'niraj' 'saangs pablisiti aauphis' mean 'litareri asisteant' bhi rahe aur vahaan se sarakar ke prachar ke bajay, kaangres evan rashtriyata ka prachar karane ke karan unhean tyagapatr dena p da. dilli ki naukari chhoot jane par sanh 1946 mean vah kanapur chale gaye aur kuchh din tak vahaan ke 'di.e.vi. k aaulej' mean klark rahe. unhian dinoan unaka vivah bhi ho gaya. vivah ke uparaant unhean 'valkart bradars' namak ek videshi kampani mean 'steno taipist' ka kary mil gaya aur unhoanne is kampani mean jamakar 5 varsh tak kam kiya.
shiksha
niraj ne sanh 1949 mean 'intaramidiet' ki pariksha uttirn ki. taduparaant 'valkart' bradars' ke atirikt ek any sthaniy farm mean part taim kam karate hue sanh 1951 mean bi. e. kiya. isi bich 1 joon 1951 ko unhean putr labh hua; jisaka nam 'milan prabhat guanjan' hai. kuchh din tak vah kanapur mean zila soochana-adhikari bhi rahe. apane adhyayan mean badha ane ke karan unhoanne sal-bhar bad vah naukari chho d di. parinamasvaroop 1953 mean em. e. ki pariksha bhi unhoanne pratham shreni mean uttirn ki.
kavi sammelan aur prasiddhi
gopaladas niraj|thumb|left em. e. karane ke uparaant vah do varsh tak poornataya bekar rahe kiantu yah bekari usake lie ek prakar se varadan siddh huee; kyoanki in do varshoan mean usane sare desh ka bhraman kiya aur 'kavi sammelanoan' ke madhyam se bahut lokapriyata prapt ki. 'niraj' ne in do varshoan mean jahaan akhil bharatiy khyati prapt ki, vahaan usane nirantar yatraoan mean lage rahane ke karan apane svasthy ko bilakul chaupat kar diya.
merath k aaulej mean pradhyapak
1955 mean ek varsh tak vah 'merath k aaulej' mean pradhyapak rahe. merath k aaulej mean vah adhik din tak n tik sake. k aaulej ke adhikariyoan ne un par kuchh aise arop lagae, jo bad mean asaty pramanit hue.
kavi jivan
'niraj' ka kavi jivan vidhivat mee, 1942 se prarambh hota hai. jab vah haee skool mean hi padhate the to unaka vahaan par kisi l daki se pranay sambandh ho gaya. durbhagyavash achanak unaka bichhoh ho gaya. apani preyasi ke bichhoh ko vah sahan n kar sake aur unake kavi-manas se yoan hi sahasa ye panktiyaan nikal p dian:
kitana ekaki mam jivan,
kisi pe d par yadi koee pakshi ka jo da baitha hota,
to n use bhi aankhean bharakar maian is dar se dekha karata,
kahian nazar lag jay n inako.
aur is prakar vah pranayi yuvak 'gopaladas saksena' kavi hokar 'gopaladas saksena 'niraj' ho gaya. pahale-pahal 'niraj' ko hindi ke prakhyat lokapriy kavi shri harivansh ray bachchan ka 'nisha niyantran' kahian se padhane ko mil gaya. usase vah bahut prabhavit hue tha. is sambandh mean 'niraj' ne svayan likha hai -
'maianne kavita likhana kisase sikha, yah to mujhe yad nahian. kab likhana arambh kiya, shayad yah bhi nahian maloom. haan itana zaroor, yad hai ki garmi ke din the, skool ki chhutiyaan ho chuki thian, shayad mee ka ya joon ka mahina tha. mere ek mitr mere ghar ae. unake hath mean 'nisha nimantran' pustak ki ek prati thi. maianne lekar use khola. usake pahale git ne hi mujhe prabhavit kiya aur padhane ke lie unase use maang liya. mujhe usake padhane mean bahut anand aya aur us din hi maianne use do-tin bar padha. use padhakar mujhe bhi kuchh likhane ki sanak savar huee......'
harivansharay 'bachchan ka prabhav
'bachchan ji se maian bahut adhik prabhavit hua hooan. isake kee karan haian, pahala to yahi ki bachchan ji ki tarah mujhe bhi zindagi se bahut l dana p da hai, ab bhi l d raha hooan aur shayad bhavishy mean bhi l data hi rahooan.'
ye panktiyaan sanh 1944 mean prakashit 'niraj' ki pahali kavy-kriti 'sangharsh' se uddhat ki gee haian. 'sangharsh' mean 'niraj' ne bachchan ji ke prabhav ko hi svikar nahian kiya, pratyut yah pustak bhi unhean samarpit ki thi.
gulabaray ki bhavishyavani
'sangharsh' ki bhoomika mean prakhyat samalochak 'd aau. gulabaray' ne un dinoan kavi' niraj' ke kavy ki bhav-bhoomi ke sambandh mean jo bhavishyavani ki thi, vah aj bhi unaki rachanaoan ko padhakar saty utarati maloom hoti hai. unhoanne likha tha -
'niraj' ji ke rudanamay ganoan mean nirasha ki aantardhara spasht roop se jhalakati hai aur vah jivan ke katu anubhavoan se nisri:t huee pratit hoti hai. jahaan amrit hi vish ban jay vahaan nirasha ka hona svabhavik hi hai. amrit ko vish banane vali kaun si ghatanaean haian, aur kahaan tak ve saty haian, yah unake vaiyaktik jivan ka prashn hai. kiantu in kavitaoan se ek thes ka anuman hota hai.
usaki doosari kriti 'aantardhvani' sanh 1946 mean prakashit huee thi. usamean 'bachchan' ke prabhav se yukt hone ka prayatn kiya hai aur vibhavari' [1] tak ate-ate to usane apana svatantr jivan-darshan hi apana liya.
kavyagat visheshata
'niraj' ka kavyakalagat drishtikon bhasha, shabdoan ke prayog, chhnd, lay, sandarbh, vatavaran aur pratit-yojana adi sabhi drishti se is pidhi ke kaviyoan mean sarvatha alag aur vishisht sthan rakhata hai. 'niraj' ne apani rachanaoan mean sabhi prakar ki bhasha ka vyavahar kiya hai. vah apani anubhootiyoan ke adhar par hi shabdoan, muhavaroan aur kriyaoan ka prayog karata hai. yahi karan haian ki usake kavy mean hamean jahaan sanskritanishth shaili drishtigat hoti hai, vahaan urdoo jaisi saral aur sadi shabdavali ka vyavahar hi dekhane ko milata hai. usaki rachanaoan ko ham shaili ki drishti se darshanik, lokagitatmak, chitratmak, parush aur sanskritanishth adi vibhinn roopoan mean vibhakt kar sakate haian.
shaili
darshanik shaili mean vah pratik pradhan vyanjana ke dvara sidhe-sade dhang se apani bat kahate chalate hai. usaki rachanaean sangit, alankar aur visheshanoan adi vihin sidhi-sadi hoti haian. lokagitatmak shaili mean pray: phakk dapan rahata hai, aur aisi rachanaoan mean vah pray: hrasv-dhvani pradhan shabd hi prayukt karate haian. unaki lokagit-pradhan shaili se likhi gee rachanaoan mean madhury bhav ki prachurata dekhane ko milati hai. chitratmak shaili mean likhi gee rachanaoan mean vah shabdoan dvara chitr-nirman karane ki hi rachanaean haian, jo oj, taruny aur balidan ka sandesh dene ke lie likhi gee haian. oj lane ke lie kathor shabdoan ka prayog nitaant vaanchhaniy hai. aisi rachanaoan mean 'niraj' ne jivan ke nitakatam pratikoan ka prayog hi bahulata se kiya hai. sanskritanishth shaili vali rachanaoan mean 'niraj' ki anubhooti ka adhar prachin bharatiy paranpara rahi hai.
lokapriyata
'niraj' ki lokapriyata ka sabase b da praman yah hai ki vah jahaan hindi ke madhyam se sadharan star ke pathak ke man ki gaharaee mean utare haian vahaan unhoanne gambhir se gambhir adhyetaoan ke man ko bhi gudaguda diya hai. isilie unaki anek kavitaoan ke anuvad gujarati, marathi, bangali, panjabi, roosi adi bhashaoan mean hue haian. yahi karan hai ki 'bhadant anand kausalyayan' yadi unhean hindi ka 'ashvaghosh' ghoshit karate haian, to 'dinakar' ji unhean hindi ki 'vina' manate haian. any bhasha-bhashi yadi unhean 'sant kavi' ki sanjna dete haian, to kuchh alochak unhean nirash mrityuvadi samajhate haian.
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