सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी 'निराला'
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sooryakant tripathi nirala (aangrezi: Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', janm- magh shukl 11 samvath 1953 athava 21 faravari, 1896 ee., medanipur bangal; mrityu- 15 aktoobar, 1961, prayag) hindi ke chhayavadi kaviyoan mean kee drishtiyoan se vishesh mahattvapoorn haian. nirala ji ek kavi, upanyasakar, nibandhakar aur kahanikar the. unhoanne kee rekhachitr bhi banaye. unaka vyaktitv atishay vidrohi aur krantikari tattvoan se nirmit hua hai. usake karan ve ek or jahaan anek krantikari parivartanoan ke srashta hue, vahaan doosari or paramparabhyasi hindi kavy premiyoan dvara arase tak sabase adhik galat bhi samajhe gaye. unake vividh prayogoan- chhand, bhasha, shaili, bhavasambandhi navyatar drishtiyoan ne navin kavy ko disha dene mean sarvadhik mahattvapoorn yogadan diya. isalie ghisi-piti paramparaoan ko chho dakar navin shaili ke vidhayak kavi ka puratanataposhak pidhi dvara svagat ka n hona svabhavik tha. lekin pratibha ka prakash upeksha aur ajnan ke kuhase se bahut der tak achchhann nahian rah sakata.
jivan parichay
'nirala' ka janm mahishadal stet medanipur (bangal) mean magh shukl paksh ki ekadashi, sanvath 1953, ko hua tha. inaka apana ghar unnav zile ke gadhakola gaanv mean hai. nirala ji ka janm ravivar ko hua tha isalie yah surjakumar kahalae. 11 janavari, 1921 ee. ko pan. mahavir prasad ko likhe apane patr mean nirala ji ne apani umr 22 varsh bataee hai. ramanaresh tripathi ne kavita kaumudi ke lie sanh 1926 ee. ke ant mean janm sambandhi vivaran maanga to nirala ji ne magh shukl 11 samvat 1953 (1896) apani janm tithi likhakar bheji. yah vivaran nirala ji ne svayan likhakar diya tha.[2] bangal mean basane ka parinam yah hua ki baangla ek tarah se inaki matribhasha ho gayi.
parivar
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'nirala' ke pita ka nam pan. ramasahay tha, jo bangal ke mahishadal rajy ke medinipur zile mean ek sarakari naukari karate the. nirala ka bachapan bangal ke is kshetr mean bita jisaka unake man par bahut gahara prabhav raha hai. tin varsh ki avastha mean unaki maan ki mrityu ho gayi aur unake pita ne unaki dekharekh ka bhar apane oopar le liya.
shiksha
nirala ki shiksha yahian bangali madhyam se shuroo huee. haeeskool pas karane ke pashchath unhoanne ghar par hi sanskrit aur aangrezi sahity ka adhyayan kiya. haeeskool karane ke pashchath ve lakhanoo aur usake bad gadhakola (unnav) a gaye. prarambh se hi ramacharitamanas unhean bahut priy tha. ve hindi, bangala, aangrezi aur sanskrit bhasha mean nipun the aur shri ramkrishna paramahans, svami vivekanand aur shri ravindranath taigor se vishesh roop se prabhavit the. maitrikuleshan kaksha mean pahuanchate-pahuanchate inaki darshanik ruchi ka parichay milane laga.[3] nirala svachchhand prakriti ke the aur skool mean padhane se adhik unaki ruchi ghoomane, khelane, tairane aur kushti l dane ityadi mean thi. sangit mean unaki vishesh ruchi thi. adhyayan mean unaka vishesh man nahian lagata tha. is karan unake pita kabhi-kabhi unase kathor vyavahar karate the, jabaki unake hriday mean apane ekamatr putr ke liye vishesh sneh tha.
vivah
pandrah varsh ki alpayu mean nirala ka vivah manohara devi se ho gaya. rayabareli zile mean dalamoo ke pan. ramadayal ki putri manohara devi sundar aur shikshit thian, unako sangit ka abhyas bhi tha. patni ke zor dene par hi unhoanne hindi sikhi. isake bad atishighr hi unhoanne bangala ke bajay hindi mean kavita likhana shuroo kar diya. bachapan ke nairashy aur ekaki jivan ke pashchath unhoanne kuchh varsh apani patni ke sath sukh se bitaye, kintu yah sukh zyada dinoan tak nahian tika aur unaki patni ki mrityu unaki 20 varsh ki avastha mean hi ho gayi. bad mean unaki putri jo ki vidhava thi, ki bhi mrityu ho gayi. ve arthik vishamataoan se bhi ghire rahe. aise samay mean unhoanne vibhinn prakashakoan ke sath prooph ridar ke roop mean kam kiya, unhoanne 'samanvay' ka bhi sampadan kiya.
parivarik vipattiyaan
16-17 varsh ki umr se hi inake jivan mean vipattiyaan arambh ho gayian, par anek prakar ke daivi, samajik aur sahityik sangharshoan ko jhelate hue bhi inhoanne kabhi apane lakshy ko nicha nahian kiya. inaki maan pahale hi gat ho chuki thian, pita ka bhi asamayik nidhan ho gaya. inaphlueanja ke vikaral prakop mean ghar ke any prani bhi chal base. patni ki mrityu se to ye toot se gaye. par kutumb ke palan-poshan ka bhar svayan jhelate hue ve apane marg se vichalit nahian hue. in vipattiyoan se tran pane mean inake darshanik ne achchhi sahayata pahuanchayi.
karyakshetr
nirala ji ne 1918 se 1922 tak mahishadal rajy ki seva ki. usake bad sanpadan svatantr lekhan aur anuvad kary kiya. inhoanne 1922 se 23 ke dauran kolakata se prakashit 'samanvay' ka sanpadan kiya. 1923 ke agast se 'matavala' ke sanpadak mandal mean kam kiya. inake isake bad lakhanoo mean ganga pustak mala karyalay aur vahaan se nikalane vali masik patrika 'sudha' se 1935 ke madhy tak sanbaddh rahe. inhoanne 1942 se mrityu paryant ilahabad mean rah kar svatantr lekhan aur anuvad kary bhi kiya. ve jayashankar prasad aur mahadevi varma ke sath hindi sahity mean chhayavad ke pramukh stanbh mane jate haian. unhoanne kahaniyaan upanyas aur nibandh bhi likhe haian kintu unaki khyati vishesh roop se kavita ke karan hi hai.[2]
rachanaean
nirala ki rachanaoan mean anek prakar ke bhav pae jate haian. yadyapi ve kh di boli ke kavi the, par brajabhasha v avadhi bhasha mean bhi kavitaean gadh lete the. unaki rachanaoan mean kahian prem ki saghanata hai, kahian adhyatmikata to kahian vipannoan ke prati sahanubhooti v samvedana, kahian desh-prem ka zazba to kahian samajik roodhiyoan ka virodh v kahian prakriti ke prati jhalakata anurag. ilahabad mean patthar to dati mahila par likhi unaki kavita aj bhi samajik yatharth ka ek aeena hai. unaka zor vaktavy par nahian varanh chitran par tha, s dak ke kinare patthar to dati mahila ka rekhaankan unaki kavy chetana ki sarvochchata ko darshata hai –
vah to dati patthar
dekha use maianne ilahabad ke path par
vah to dati patthar
koee n chhayadar pe d
vah jisake tale baithi huee svikar
shyam tan, bhar bandha yauvan
nat nayan priy, karm-rat man
guru hathau da hath
karati bar-bar prahar
samane taroo-malika attalika prakar
- isi prakar rah chalate bhikhari par unhoanne likha-
pet-pith donoan milakar haian ek
chal raha lakutiya tek
mutthi bhar dane ko,
bhookh mitane ko
muanh phati purani jholi ko phailata
do took kaleje ke karata pachhatata.
- ram ki shakti pooja ke madhyam se nirala ne ram ko samaj mean ek adarsh ke roop mean prastut kiya. ve likhate haian -
hogi jay, hogi jay
he purushottam navin
kah mahashakti ram ke badan mean hueean lin.
- sau padoan mean likhi gayi tulasidas nirala ki sabase b di kavita hai, jo ki 1934 mean likhi gayi aur 1935 mean sudha ke paanch aankoan mean kistavar prakashit huyi. is prabandh kavy mean nirala ne patni ke yuva tan-man ke akarshan mean mohagrast tulasidas ke mahakavi banane ko bakhoobi dikhaya hai –
jaga jaga sanskar prabal
re gaya kam tatkshan vah jal
dekha vama, vah n thi, anal pramita vah
is or jnan, us or jnan
ho gaya bhasm vah pratham bhan
chhoota jag ka jo raha dhyan.
- nirala ki rachanadharmita mean ekarasata ka put nahian hai. ve kabhi bhi bandhakar nahian likh pate the aur n hi yah unaki phakk d prakriti ke anukool tha. nirala ki joohi ki kali kavita aj bhi logoan ke jehan mean basi hai. is kavita mean nirala ne apani abhivyakti ko chhandoan ki sima se pare chhandavihin kavita ki or pravahit kiya hai–
vijan-van vallari par
soti thi suhag bhari sneh svapn magn
amal komal tan taruni joohi ki kali
drig band kiye, shithil patraank mean
vasanti nisha thi
- yahi nahian, nirala ek jagah sthir hokar kavita-path bhi nahian karate the. ek bar ek samaroh mean akashavani ko unaki kavita ka sidha prasaran karana tha, to unake charoan or maik lagae ge ki pata nahian ve ghoom-ghoom kar kis kone se kavita padhean. nirala ne apane samay ke mashahoor rajanisen, chandidas, govind das, vivekanand aur ravindr nath taigor ityadi ki baangla kavitaoan ka anuvad bhi kiya, yadyapi un par taigor ki kavitaoan ke anuvad ko apana maulik kahakar prakashit karane ke arop bhi lage. rajadhani dilli ko bhi nirala ne abhivyakti di-
yamuna ki dhvani mean
hai gooanjati suhag-gatha
sunata hai andhakar kh da chupachap jahaan
aj vah firadaus, sunasan hai p da
shahi divan am stabdh hai ho raha hai
dupahar ko, parshv mean
uthata hai jhilli rav
bolate haian syar rat yamuna-kachhar mean
lin ho gaya hai rav
shahi aanganaoan ka
nistabdh minar, maun haian maqabare.
- nirala ki maulikata, prabal bhavodveg, lokamanas ke hriday patal par chha jane vali jivant v prabhavi shaili, adbhut vaky vinyas aur unamean antanihit goodh arth unhean bhi d se alag kh da karate haian. basant panchami aur nirala ka sambandh b da adbhut raha aur is din har sahityakar unake sannidhy ki apeksha rakhata tha. aise hi kinhian kshanoan mean nirala ki kavy rachana mean yauvan ka bhavaveg dikha-
rok-tok se kabhi nahian rukati hai
yauvan-mad ki badh nadi ki
kise dekh jhukati hai
garaj-garaj vah kya kahati hai, kahane do
apani ichchha se prabal veg se bahane do.
- yauvan ke charam mean prem ke viyogi svaroop ko bhi unhoanne ukera-
chhote se ghar ki laghu sima mean
bandhe haian kshudr bhav
yah sach hai priy
prem ka payodhi to um data hai
sada hi ni:sim bhoomi par.
nirala ke kavy mean adhyatmikata, darshanikata, rahasyavad aur jivan ke goodh pakshoan ki jhalak milati hai par lokamanyata ke adhar par nirala ne vishayavastu mean naye pratiman sthapit kiye aur samasamayikata ke put ko bhi khoob ubhara. apani putri saroj ke asamayik nidhan aur sahityakaroan ke ek gut dvara anavarat anargal alochana kiye jane se nirala apane jivan ke antim varshoan mean manovikshipt se ho gaye the. putri ke nidhan par shok-santapt nirala saroj-smriti mean likhate haian-
mujh bhagyahin ki too sambal
yug varsh bad jab huee vikal
dukh hi jivan ki katha rahi
kya kahooan aj, jo nahian kahi.[4]
lokapriy rachana
sanh 1916 ee. mean 'nirala' ki atyadhik prasiddh aur lokapriy rachana 'juhi ki kali' likhi gayi. yah unaki prapt rachanaoan mean pahali rachana hai. yah us kavi ki rachana hai, jisane 'sarasvati' aur 'maryada' ki failoan se hindi sikhi, un patrikaoan ke ek-ek vaky ko sanskrit, baangla aur aangrezi vyakaran ke sahare samajhane ka prayas kiya. is samay ve mahishadal mean hi the. 'ravindr kavita kanan' ke likhane ka samay yahi hai. sanh 1916 mean inaka 'hindi-bangla ka tulanatmak vyakaran' 'sarasvati' mean prakashit hua.
kavy pratibha ko prakash
ek samany vivad par mahishadal ki naukari chho dakar ve ghar vapas chale aye. kalakatta se prakashit hone vale ramkrishna mishan ke patr 'samanvay' mean ve sanh 1922 mean chale gaye. 'samanvay' ke sampadan kal mean unake darshanik vicharoan ke pusht hone ka bahut hi achchha avasar mila. is kal mean jo darshanik chetana unako prapt huee, usase unaki kavyashakti aur bhi samriddh huee. sanh 1923-24 ee. mean mahadev baboo ne unhean 'matavala' ke sampadan mandal mean bula liya. phir to kavy pratibha ko prakash mean le ane ka sarvadhik shrey 'matavala' ko hi hai. 'matavala' mean bhi ye 2-3 varshoan tak hi rah paye. is kal ki likhi gayi adhikaansh kavitaean 'parimal' mean sangrahit haian.
arthik sankat ka kal
sanh 1927-30 ee. tak ve barabar asvasth rahe. phir svechchha se ganga pustak mala ka sampadan tatha 'sudha' mean sampadakiy ka lekhan karane lage. sanh 1930 se 42 tak unaka adhikaansh samay lakhanoo mean hi bita. yah samay unake ghor arthik sankat ka kal tha. is samay jivakoparjan ke lie unhean janata ke lie likhana p data tha. samany janaruchi katha sahity ke adhik anukool hoti hai. unake kahani sangrah 'lili', 'chaturi chamar', 'sukul ki bibi', (1941 ee.) aur sakhi ki kahaniyaan tatha 'apsara', 'alaka', 'prabhavati', (1946 ee.) 'nirupama' ityadi upanyas unake arth sankat ke phalasvaroop pranit hue. ve samay-samay par futab aaul lekh bhi likhate rahe. in lekhoan ka sangrah 'prabandh padm' ke nam se isi samay mean prakashit hua. isaka tatpary yah nahian hai ki ve janaruchi ke karan apane dharatal se utar kar samany bhoomi par a gaye. unake kavyagat prayog chalate rahe. sanh 1936 ee. mean svaratal yukt unake gitoan ka sangrah 'gitika' nam se prakashit hua. do varsh ke bad arthath sanh 1938 ee. mean unaka 'anamika' kavy sangrah prakash mean aya. yah sangrah sanh 1922 ee. mean prakashit 'anamika' sangrah se bilkul bhinn hai. sanh 1938 ee. hi unake aantarmukhi prabandh kavy 'tulasidas' ka bhi prakashan hua.
mukt vritt
- hindi kavy kshetr mean 'nirala' ka padarpan mukt vritt ke sath hota hai. ve is vritt ke pratham puraskartta haian. vastav mean 'nirala' ki uddam bhav dhara ko chhand ke bandhan baandh nahian sakate the. gini-ginaee matraoan aur antyanuprasoan ke bandhe ghatoan ke bich unaka bhavollas nahian bant sakata tha. aisi sthiti mean kavyabhivyakti ke lie mukt vritt ki anivaryata svat: hi siddh hai. unhoanne 'parimal' ki bhoomika mean likha hai-
"manushyoan ki mukti ki tarah kavita ki bhi mukti hoti hai. manushy ki mukti karm ke bandhan mean chhutakara pana hai aur kavita mukt chhandoan ke shasan se alag ho jana hai. jis tarah mukt manushy kabhi kisi tarah doosaroan ke pratikool acharan nahian karata, usake tamam kary auroan ko prasann karane ke lie hote haian phir bhi svatantr. isi tarah kavita ka bhi hal hai."
- 'mere git aur kala' shirshak nibandh mean unhoanne likha hai-
"bhavoan ki mukti chhandoan ki mukti chahati hai. yahaan bhasha, bhav aur chhand tinoan svachhand haian."
- ritikal ki kritrim chhandobaddh rachana ke viruddh yah navin unmeshashil kavy ki pahali vidroh vani hai. bhav-vyanjana ki drishti se muktachhand komal aur parush donoan prakar ki bhavabhivyakti ke lie saman roop se samarth haian, yadyapi 'nirala' ka kahana hai ki, "yah kavita stri ki sukumarata nahian, kavittv ka purush garv hai", kintu 'joohi ki kali' jaisi utkrisht koti ki shrriangarik rachana isi vritt mean likhi gayi hai.
- 'nirala' dvara prastut mukt chhand ka adhar kavitt chhand hai. isamean kavi ko bhavanukool charanoan ke prasar ki khuli chhoot hai. bhav ki poornata ke sath vritt bhi samapt ho jata hai. aj to mukt vritt kavy-rachana ka mukhy chhand ho gaya hai, par apani vishisht nadayojana ke karan 'nirala' ne usamean prabhavapoorn sangitatmakata la di hai. 'shefalika ka patr' adi rachanaean isi chhand mean likhi gayi haian. 'panchavati prasang'-giti naty ke lie isase adhik upayukt aur koee chhand nahian ho sakata tha. ye samast rachanaean 'parimal' ke tritiy khand mean sangrahit haian.
- 'parimal' ke dvitiy khand ki rachanaean svachchhand chhand mean likhi gayi haian, jise 'nirala' muktigit kahate haian. in gitoan mean tuk ka agrah to hai par matraoan ka nahian. pant ke 'aansoo', 'uchchhvas' aur 'parivartan' bhi isi chhand mean likhe gaye haian. 'parimal' ke pratham khand mean samamatrik tukant kavitaean haian. mukt vrittatmak kavitaean akhyan pradhan haian to muktagit chitran pradhan aur matrik chhand mean likhi gayi kavitaoan mean bhav aur kalpana ki pradhanata dekhi ja sakati hai. unaki bahu-vastusparshini pratibha ka parichay arambh se hi milane lagata hai-vishesh roop se s di-gali manyataoan ke prati tivr vidroh tatha nimnavarg ke prati gahari sahanubhooti unamean prarambh se hi dikhaee deti hai.
- chhayavadi kaviyoan ne mukhyat: pragitoan ki rachana ki hai. ye pragit gey to hote haian par ye shastranumodit dhang par nahian gaye ja sakate haian. nad-yojana ki or adhik jhukav hone ke karan 'nirala' ne naye svar-tal se yukt gitoan ki srishti ki. aangrezi svar-maitri ka prabhav bangala ke gitoan par p d chuka tha, usake rang-dhang par bangala gitoan ki svar lipiyaan bhi taiyar ki gayian. hindi ke kaviyoan mean 'nirala' is disha mean bhi agrasar hue. unhean hindi sangit ki shabdavali aur gane ke dhang donoan khatakate the. isake phalasvaroop 'gitika' ki rachana huee.
git
nirala ke git gayakoan ke gitoan ki bhaanti rag-raganiyoan ki roodhiyoan se bandhe hue nahian haian. uchcharan ka naya adhar liye hue sabhi git ek alag bhoomi par pratishthit haian. inake svar, tal aur lay aangrezi gitoan se prabhavit haian. piyanoan par gaye jane vale dharmik gitoan ki jhalak in gitoan mean milati hai. isalie in gitoan ki gayan-paddhati aur bhavavinyas mean pavitrata ka spasht sanket milata hai. yadyapi 'gitika' ki mool bhavana shrriangarik hai, phir bhi bahut se gitoan mean madhury bhav se atmanivedan kiya gaya hai. jagah-jagah manoram prakriti-varnan tatha utkrisht desh-prem ka chitran bhi milata hai. is sangrah ki ek b di visheshata yah bhi hai ki isamean sangitatmakata ke nam par kavy paksh ko kahian par bhi vikrit nahian hone diya gaya hai.
praudhakal
1935 ee. se 1938 ee. tak 'nirala' ki kavy rachana ko praudhakal kaha ja sakata hai. is bich likhi huee kavitaean 'anamika' mean sangrahit haian. 'anamika' ka prakashan 1938 ee. mean hua. 'anamika' mean sangrahit adhikaansh rachanaean 'nirala' ki utkrisht bhav-vyanjana tatha kalatmak praudhata ki dyotak haian. 'preyasi', 'rekha', 'sarojasmriti', 'ram ki shaktipooja' adi unaki shreshthatam rachanaean haian. 'sarojasmriti' hindi ka sarvashreshth shok-git hai to 'ram ki shaktipooja' adi unaki shreshthatam rachanaean haian. 'sarojasmriti' mean karuna ki prishthabhoomi par shrriangar, hasy, vyangy ityadi anek bhavoan ka kavyatmak sangumphan kiya gaya hai. natakiy gunoan se ot-prot hone ke karan vah aur bhi prabhavapoorn ho uthi hai. kavy mean karta ke jis nirlep vyaktitv ka mahattv ti.es. iliyat ne sthapit kiya hai, vah is kavita mean charam ooanchaee par pahuancha hua hai. 'ram ki shaktipooja' mean kavi ka paurush aur oj charamotkarsh ke sath abhivyakt hua hai. mahakavy mean bhavagat audaty ke anukool kalagat audaty avashyak hai. is kavita mean donoan prakar ki udattataoan ka nir-kshir sammishran hua hai.
pratham prerana kendr
'tulasidas' mean katha ki apeksha chintan ka vistar adhik hai. is prabandh mean tulasi ke manas paksh ka udghatan karate hue tatkalin parivesh ka poora sahara liya gaya hai. chitrakoot kanan ki chhavi ki chintadhara ka pratham prerana kendr hai. prakriti ka jo chitr kavi ke sammukh prastut hua hai, usako do paksh haian-prakriti ka svayan ka paksh aur tatkalin samaj ka niroopan. kavi ne in donoan pakshoan ka nirvah bahut kushalatapoorvak kiya hai. bharat ke saanskritik hras ke punaruddhar ki prerana tulasi ko prakriti ke madhyam se hi milati hai. ise dekhakar unaki antarvrittiyaan manthit ho uthi haian. inhian antarvrittiyoan ka niroopan pustak ki mool chintadhara hai. is prabandh mean bhi unake shilpi ka roop sahaj hi bhasit ho jata hai. chhandoan ki bandish, roopakoan ki vishad yojana, navin shabd-vinyas adi unake apane haian. par is granth mean aise shabdoan ka vyavahar bhi hua hai, jo arth ki drishti se ise durooh bana dete haian. phir bhi jo log kavy mean buddhi-tattv ki ahamiyat svikar kareange, ve ise nirvivad roop se ek shreshth rachana maneange.
poorn kavitaean
praudh kritiyoan ki sarjana ke sath hi 'nirala' vyangyavinod poorn kavitaean bhi likhate rahe haian. jinamean se kuchh 'anamika' mean sangrahit haian. par isake bad bahy paristhitiyoan ke karan, jinamean unake prati paramparavadiyoan ka ugr virodh bhi sammilit hai, unamean vishesh parivartan dikhaee p dane laga. 'nirala' aur pant moolat: anubhootivadi kavi haian. aise vyaktiyoan ko vyaktigat aur samajik paristhitiyaan bahut prabhavit karati haian. isake phalasvaroop unaki kavitaoan mean vyangyoktiyoan ke sath-sath nishedhatmak jivan ki gahari abhivyakti hone lagi. 'kukuramutta' tak pahuanchate-pahuanchate vah pragativad ke virodh mean tark upasthit karane lagata hai. upalambh aur vyangy ke samapt hote-hote kavi mean vishadatmak shanti a jati hai. ab unake kathan mean duniya ke lie sandesh bhagavanh ke prati atmanivedan hai aur hai sahityik-rajanitik mahapurushoan ke prashasti aankan ka prayas. 'anima' jivan ke inhian pakshoan ki dyotak hai, par isaki kuchh anubhootiyoan ki tivrata man ko bhitar se kured deti hai. 'bela' aur 'naye patte' mean kavi ki mukhy drishti urdoo aur farasi ke bandoan (chhandoan) ko hindi mean dalane ki or rahi hai. isake bad ke unake do git-sangrahoan-'archana' aur 'gitaguanj' mean kahian par gahari atmanubhooti ki jhalak hai to kahian vyangyokti ki. unake vyangy ki banagi dekhane ke lie unaki do gady ki rachanaoan 'kullibhaant' aur 'billesur bakariha' ko bhulaya nahian ja sakata.
drashta kavi
sab milakar 'nirala' bharatiy sanskriti ke drashta kavi haian-ve galit roodhiyoan ke virodhi tatha sanskriti ke yuganuroop pakshoan ke udghatak aur poshak rahe haian par kavy tatha jivan mean nirantar roodhiyoan ka moolochchhed karate hue inhean anek sangharshoan ka samana karana p da. madhyam shreni mean utpann hokar paristhitiyoan ke ghat-pratighat se morcha leta hua adarsh ke lie sab kuchh utsarg karane vala mahapurush jis manasik sthiti ko pahuancha, use bahut se log vyaktitv ki apoornata kahate haian. par jahaan vyakti ke adarshoan aur samajik hinataoan mean nirantar sangharsh ho, vahaan vyakti ka aisi sthiti mean p dana svabhavik hi hai. hindi ki or se 'nirala' ko yah bali deni p di. jagrit aur unnatishil sahity mean hi aisi baliyaan sambhav hua karati haian- pratigami aur uddeshyahin sahity mean nahian.
pramukh kritiyaan
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nidhan
15 aktoobar, 1961 ko apani yadean chho dakar nirala is lok ko alavida kah gaye par mithak aur yatharth ke bich antarvirodhoan ke bavajood apani rachanatmakata ko yatharth ki bhavabhoomi par tikaye rakhane vale nirala aj bhi hamare bich jivant haian. inaki mrityu prayag mean huee thi. mukti ki utkat akaanksha unako sadaiv bechain karati rahi, tabhi to unhoanne likha –
to do, to do, to do kara
patthar ki, nikalo phir ganga-jaladhara
grih-grih ki parvati
pun: saty-sundar-shiv ko sanvarati
ur-ur ki bano arati
bhrantoan ki nishchal dhruvatara
to do, to do, to do kara.[6]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ A history of Indian literature: Modern Indo-Arayan literatures ..., Volume 8
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 kavita kosh (hindi) (ech ti em el) kavita kosh. abhigaman tithi: 21 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ shabdaanjali (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 21 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ srijanagatha (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 21 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ anubhooti (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 21 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ sahity kuanzj (hindi) (echatiemal). . abhigaman tithi: 21 aktoobar, 2010.
bahari k diyaan
- sooryakant tripathi 'nirala' ki kavita 'prapti'
- “badal rag” kavita sooryakant tripathi ’nirala’ rachit “kavishri”
- sooryakant tripathi nirala ki kavita 'sneh-nirjhar bah gaya hai'
- avismaraniy kavitaean- sooryakant tripathi 'nirala'
- Suryakant Tripathi `Nirala`
- bharati vandana kavita sooryakant tripathi ’nirala’ rachit “kavishri”
- sooryakant tripathi "nirala"
- “badal rag” kavita sooryakant tripathi ’nirala’ rachit “kavishri”
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