नाद

tanapure athava sitar ke khiche huye tar ko aghat karane se tar kampan karata hai aur dhvani utpann hoti hai. sangit mean niyamit aur sthit kampan (aandolan) dvara utpann dhvani ka upayog hota hai, jise ham nad kahate haian. jab kisi dhvani ki kampan kuchh samay tak chalati hai to use sthir aandolan aur jab usi dhvani ka kanpan saman gati vali hoti hai to use niyamit aandolan kahate haian. shoragul, kolahal adi dhvaniyoan mean aniyamit aur asthir aandolan hone ke karan sangit mean inaka prayog nahian hota. saangitopayogi dhvani ko nad kahate haian. nad ki mukhy tin visheshataean haian-

1. nad ko ooanchaee-nichaee
2. nam ka chhota-b dapan
3. nad ki jati athava gun

nad ko ooanchaee-nichaee

gate-bajate samay yah anubhav karate haian ki barahoan svar ek dusare se ooanche-niche haian. svar athava nad ki ooanchaee-nichaee aandolan-sankhya par adharit hoti hai. adhik aandolan-sankhya vala svar ooancha aur isake viparit kam aandolan vala svar nicha hota hai. gate-bajate samay yah anubhav karate haian ki sa se ooancha g hota hai, isalie yah spasht hai ki g ki aandolan sa se adhik hogi. isi prakar g se nicha re hota hai, isaliye re ki aandolan g se kam hogi.

nam ka chhota-b dapan

kriyatmak sangit mean ham yah bhi anubhav karate haian ki dhire se uchcharan kiya gaya svar tho di door tak aur zor se uchcharan kiya gaya svar adhik doori tak sunaee p data hai. isi ko sangit mean nad ka chhota-b dapan kahate hai. chhota nad kam doori tak aur dhima p data hai aur b da nad adhik doori tak aur spasht sunaee p data haian. tanapoore ke tar ko dhire se aghat karane se tar ke aandolan ki chau daee kam hogi arthath tar kam doori tak oopar-niche kampan karega aur phalasvaroop chhota nad utpann hoga. isake viparit tar ko zor se chhe dane se tar ke aandolan ki chau daee adhik hogi aur b da nad utpann hoga. is prakar yah spasht hai ki nad ka chhota-b da pan aandolan ki chau daee par nirbhar hai.

nad ki jati athava gun

pratyek vady ka svar doosare se bhinn hota hai. udaharanarth sitar ka svar bela se aur bela ka svar haramoniyam se aur haramoniyam ka svar sarod se bhinn hota hai. is liye door se ati huee sangit dhvani ko ham pahachan lete haian ki dhvani kis vady ki hai. vibhinn vadyoan ke svaroan mean bhinnata hone ka karan yah hai ki pratyek vady ke sahayak nadoan ki sankhya, unaka kram aur prabaly ek doosare se bhinn hota hai. isi ko nad ki jati athava gun kahate haian. vaijnanikoan ka kathan hai ki koee bhi nad akela nahian utpann hota. usake sath kuchh any nad bhi utpann hua karate haian, jinhean keval anubhavi kan sun sakate haian. in svatah utpann hone vale svaroan ko sahayak nad kahate haian. sahayak nadoan ki sankhya, kram aur prabaly par nad ki jati adharit hoti hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh