नेताजी एक्सप्रेस
thumb|250px|netaji eksapres netaji eksapres (aangrezi: Netaji Express) bharatiy relave dvara sanchalit relaga di hai jo bharat ke poorvi rajy pashchim bangal ki rajadhani kolakata ke nikat sthit hav da ko ek any rajy hariyana ke panchakula sthit kalaka relave steshan se jo dati hai, jo ek samay bharat ki grishmakalin rajadhani shimala jane vali relave lain ka praranbhik steshan bhi hai. pahale is rel ka nam 'kalaka mel' tha, jise bharatiy rel mantralay ne 23 janavari, 2021 ko badalakar 'netaji eksapres' kar diya hai.
itihas
kalaka mel san 1866 mean kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) aur dilli ke bich chalani shuroo huee aur 1891 mean ise dilli se lekar kalaka tak badhaya gaya. yah relaga di mukhy roop se british sivil sevakoan ko rajadhani kalakatta se grishmakalin rajadhani shimala le jane ke lie chalaee gayi thi. eest iandiyan relave ne 1 janavari 1866 ko hari jhandi dikhakar hav da-kalaka mel ko van ap v too daun nam se shuroo kiya tha. tab hav da-kalaka mel ko kolakata se dilli tak chalaya gaya tha. tab is tren mean aangreji hukoomat ke uchch adhikari saphar karate the. any yatriyoan ke lie is tren mean yatra sanbhav nahian thi. shimala mean garmi ki chhuttiyaan bitane ke lie aangrejoan ne 1891 mean relave lain ka vistar kar ise kalaka tak badhaya. tab se yah tren gauravamayi seva de rahi hai. 1 janavari 2016 ko hav da mean kalaka mel ke gauravamayi 150 varsh poore hone jashn manaya gaya. kek katakar hav da se tren ko chalaya gaya.
british shasan kal mean aangrezi hukoomat ki kalakatta sthit rajadhani ko garmi ke dinoan mean shimala pahuchane aur garmi khatm hone par vayasaray ke sath poori rajadhani kalakatta vapas lane ke lie yahi tren ekamatr sadhan thi. vayasaray apane vahaan se sidhe tren ke koch tak pahuch sakean, isake lie hovar aur kalaka, donoan hi steshan par iantaranal kairej ki vyavastha ki gee thi. kalaka mean to nahian, par hav da mean pletaphorm 8 aur 9 ke bich aj bhi yah suvidha maujood hai, ab isaka upayog am log karate haian.
relave ke mutabik, kalaka mel ka nam netaji subhashachandr bos ke sath bhi ju da hai. dhanabad aur gaya ke bich sthit gomo steshan par netaji isi tren mean 18 janavari, 1941 ko savar hokar aangrezi hukoomat ki aankhoan mean dhool jhoankakar gayab ho ge the.
nam parivartan
netaji subhashachandr bos ki yadoan se ju di hone ke karan hi bharatiy relave ne kalaka mel ka nam badalakar netaji eksapres kar diya hai. hav da kalaka mel abhi speshal tren banakar chal rahi hai. kalaka mel tren apane purane nanbar ke sath hi 12311 ap aur 12312 daun netaji eksapres banakar chalegi.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh