भारतीय रेल

bharatiy rel
bharatiy rel netavark ka pratik chihn|200px|center
vivaran	bharatiy rel eshiya ka sabase b da rel netavark hai tatha ek prabandhanadhin yah vishv ka doosara sabase b da rel netavark hai.
prakar	sarvajanik
udyog	relave tatha lokomotiv
adhin evan svamitv	rel mantralay, bharat sarakar
sthapana	16 aprail, 1853
rashtriyakaran	1955
mukhyalay	nee dilli, bharat
pramukh vyakti	rel mantri, bharat sarakar
prabhag	17 relave mandal
sanketakshar	IR / bha.re
sanbandhit lekh	uttar relave, rel parivahan, rel ianjan, relave upakaran, metro rel
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
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bharatiy rel (aangrezi: Indian Railways) eshiya ka sabase b da rel netavark hai. ek prabandhanadhin yah vishv ka doosara sabase b da rel netavark hai. yah 160 varshoan se bhi adhik samay tak bharat ke parivahan kshetr ka mukhy sanghatak raha hai. yah vishv ka sabase b da niyokta hai, isake vartaman mean 14 lakh se bhi adhik karmachari haian. yah n keval bharat ki mool sanrachanath‍mak avashyakataoan ko poora karane mean mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhata hai, apitu bikhare hue kshetroan ko ek sath jo dane mean aur desh ki rashh‍triy akhandata ka bhi sanvardhan karata hai. rashtriy apat sthiti ke dauran apada grast kshetroan mean rahat samagri pahuanchane mean bharatiy relave agrani raha hai.

itihas

bharat mean relave ke vikas ki disha mean sarvapratham prayas 1843 ee. mean tatkalin aangrez gavarnar-janaral l aaurd hardiang ne niji kanpaniyoan ke samaksh rel pranali ke nirman ka prastav rakhakar kiya. desh mean pahali relaga di ka parichalan 22 disambar, 1851 ee. ko kiya gaya, jisaka prayog roo daki mean nirman kary ke mal ki dhulaee ke lie hota tha. aitihasik drishti se bharatiy up-mahadvip mean pratham relaga di maharashtr sthit mumbee aur thane ke bich 21 mil (lagabhag 33.6 ki.mi.) lambe relamarg par 16 aprail, 1853 ko chalaee gee thi. is relaga di ke lie tin lokomotiv ianjanoan- sahib, siandh aur sultan ka prayog kiya jata tha.

relave ke dastavej ke anusar 16 aprail, 1853 ko mumbee aur thane ke bich jab pahali rel chali, us din sarvajanik avakash tha. poorvahn se hi log boribandi ki or badh rahe the, jahaan garvanar ke niji baiand se sangit ki madhur dhun mahaul ko khushanuma bana rahi thi. sadhe tin baje se kuchh pahale hi 400 vishisht log gret iandiyan peninasula relave ke 14 dibboan vali ga di mean chadhe. chamakadar dibboan ke age ek chhota phakalaiand nam ka bhaph ianjan laga tha. karib sadh char baje phakalaiand ke chalak ne ianjan chaloo kiya, phayaramain utsah se koyala jhoank raha tha. ianjan ne mano gahari saans li aur isake bad bhap bahar nikalana shuroo huee. siti bajane ke sath ga di ko age badhane ka sanket mila aur umas bhari garmi mean upasthit log anandavibhor ho uthe. isake bad phir se ek aur siti baji aur chhukachhuk karati hue yah pahali rel najakat aur naphasat ke sath age badhi. yah aitihasik pal tha, jab bharat mean pahali tren ne 34 kilomitar ka saphar kiya, jo mumbee se thane tak tha. rel ka itihas kafi romaanch se bhara hai, jo 17vian shatabdi mean shuroo hota hai. pahali bar tren ki parikalpana 1604 ee. mean ianglaind ke volatॅn mean huee thi, jab lak di se banayi gee patariyoan par kath ke dabboan ki shakl mean taiyar kiye ge tren ko gho doan ne khiancha tha. isake do shatabdi bad faravari, 1824 ee. mean peshe se ianjiniyar richard travethik ko pahali bar bhap ke ianjan ko chalane mean saphalata mili.

bharat mean rel ki shuruat ki kahani amerika ke kapas ki fasal ki viphalata se ju di huee hai, jahaan varsh 1846 mean kapas ki fasal ko kafi nukasan pahuancha tha. isake karan briten ke mainachestar aur glasago ke kap da karobariyoan ko vaikalpik sthan ki talash karane par vivash hona p da tha. aise mean bharat inake lie muphid sthan tha. aangrezoan ko prashasanik drishti aur sena ke parichalan ke lie bhi relave ka vikas karana tark sangat lag raha tha. aise mean 1843 ee. mean l aaurd dalahauzi ne bharat mean rel chalane ki sanbhavana talash karane ka kary shuroo kiya. dalahauzi ne bambee, kolakata, madras ko rel sampark se jo dane ka prastav diya. halaanki is par amal nahian ho saka. is uddeshy ke lie sal 1849 mean gret iandiyan peanninasular kanpani qanoon parit hua aur bharat mean relave ki sthapana ka marg prashast hua.

dakshin bharat mean rel ki shuruat

dakshin bharat mean rel ki shuruat 1 julaee, 1856 ko madras relave kampani se huee. 1951 mean bharatiy rel ka rashtriyakaran kar diya gaya. bharat ki pahali vidyut rel ‘dekkan kvin’ thi, jise 1929 mean kalyan aur pune ke bich chalaya gaya tha. aj sampoorn desh mean reloan ka saghan jal bichha hua hai. bharatiy rel vyavastha ke antargat vartaman samay mean kul 63,465 ki.mi. lamba relamarg hai. 150 varsh ke upalakshy mean bharatiy rel ne varsh 2002 mean apani sthapana ka svarn jayanti samaroh manaya.thumb|left|bharatiy rel

rel parivahan

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arthavyastha mean aantardeshiy parivahan ka rel mukhy madhyam hai. yah oorja saksham parivahan mod, jo b di matra mean janashakti ke avagaman ke lie b da hi adarsh evan upayukt hai, b di matra mean vastuoan ko lane le jane tatha lanbi doori ki yatra ke lie atyant upayukt haian. yah desh ki jivan dhara haian aur isake samajik-arthik vikas ke lie inaka mahatvapoorn sthan hai. susthapit rel pranali desh ke dooratam sh‍thanoan se logoan ko ek sath milati hai aur vyapar karana, drishy darshan, tirth aur shiksha sanbhav banati hai. yah jivan star sudharati hai aur is prakar se udyog aur krishi ka vikasashil tvarit karane mean sahayata karata hai.

rochak tathy

1. bharatiy rel ki shuruat 16 aprail, san 1853 ko huee thi. aj agar bharatiy rel ki sari patariyoan ko sidha jo d diya jae to unaki lanbaee prithvi ke akar se bhi 1.5 guna zyada hogi.
2. ab tak kisi tren draivar ne aise samay mean bhi tren ko nahian chho da, jab unhean maut samane dikhaee de rahi thi.
3. desh mean ek aisa relave steshan bhi hai jo do rajyoan ki sima mean ata hai. is steshan ka nam hai- 'navapur', jisaka adha hissa maharashtr mean hai aur adha gujarat mean.
4. desh ki sabase dhimi raphtar vali tren 10 ki.mi. prati ghanta ki raphtar se chalati hai. paha doan se hokar gujarane vali yah tren hai- 'mettupalayam otti nilagiri paiseanjar'. isaki gati itani dhimi hai ki log chalati tren se asani se utar aur chadh sakate haian.
5. bharat mean sabase b de nam vala relave steshan 'veankatanarasimharajuvaripata' (Venkatanarsimharajuvaripeta) hai, jabaki sabase chhote nam vala relave steshan 'eeb' (IB) hai, jo odisha mean hai.
6. desh ki sabase letalatiph tren govahati-trivendaram eksapres hai, jo amooman 10 se 12 ghante let hi chalati hai.
7. desh ki sabase b di rel surang jammoo-kashmir ke pir panjal mean hai, jisaki lambaee 11.215 ki.mi. hai.
8. bharat mean sabase lambi yatra karane vali tren vivek eksaprais hai, jo dibrugadh (asam) se kanyakumari tak 4273 ki.mi. ki doori tay karati hai.
9. nagapur aur ajani relave steshan ke bich ki doori sirph tin kimi hai. jo sabase kam hai.
10. kisi ko bhi yah janakar hairani ho sakati hai ki bharatiy rel ki vebasait par 12 lakh prati minat se zyada hit hote haian. is par lakhoan saibar hamale bhi hote haian, lekin relave ki vebasait kabhi nahian rukati.
11. bharat mean pahali rel ki patari do bharatiyoan ne hi bichhavaee thi. inake nam the- jagannath shankaraseth aur jamashedaji jijibhaee. 'jiaeepi' (gret iandiyan peninsula) relavej ke dayarektar ke taur par jagannath seth ne mumbee se thane ke bich chali tren se 45 minat ka saphar bhi tay kiya tha.
12. karib 50 sal tak bharatiy trenoan mean shauchalay nahian hota tha. okhil chandr sen namak ek yatri ne 1909 mean paiseanjar tren se yatra ke apane bure anubhav ke bare mean sahibaganj rel divijan ke aauphis ko ek khat likhakar bataya. is karare patr ke bad british hukoomat ko yah khyal aya ki trenoan mean t aauilat ki bahut avashyakata hai. yah patr aj bhi bharatiy rel sangrahalay mean maujood hai.
13. bharatiy relave ne kampyootaraijd rijarveshan ki seva ki shurooat nee dilli mean 1986 ko ki thi.
14. bharatiy rel ka maisk aaut 'bholoo' nam ka hathi hai. aur yah kyoot-sa hathi bharatiy rel mean bataur g aaurd tainat hai.
15. bharatiy rel duniya ka chautha sabase b da rel naitavark (amerika, chin aur roos ke bad) hai. bharatiy rel traik ki kul lanbaee 65,000 kilomitar hai. vahian agar yard, saidiangs vagairah sab jo d die jaean to yahi lanbaee lagabhag 115,000 kilomitar ho jati hai.
16. bharatiy relean din bhar mean jitani doori tay karati haian, vah prithvi se chandrama ke bich ki doori ka lagabhag sadhe tin guna hai.
17. bharatiy relave mean lagabhag 16 lakh log kam karate haian. yah duniya ka 9vaan sabase b da eanpl aauyar hai. yah aank da kee deshoan ki abadi se bhi zyada hai.
18. bharatiy rel se pratidin karib 2.5 karo d log yatra karate haian. yah sankhya aaustreliya ki kul janasankhya ke lagabhag barabar hai.
19. metupalayam ooti nilagiri paiseanjar tren bharat mean chalane vali sabase dhimi tren hai. yah lagabhag 16 kilomitar prati ghante ki raphtar se chalati hai. kahian-kahian par to isaki spid 10 kilomitar prati ghante tak ho jati hai.
20. hav da-amritasar eksapres sabase zyada jagahoan par rukane vali eksapres tren hai. isake 115 st aaupej haian.
21. nee dilli ke men steshan ke nam duniya ke sabase b de root rile iantaral aaukiang sistam ka rek aaurd hai. yah upalabdhi 'gines buk aauf varld rek aaurds' mean bhi darj hai.
22. duniya ka sabase lanba plaitaph aaurm uttar pradesh ke gorakhapur mean hai. isaki kul lanbaee 1366.33 mitar hai.
23. uttar pradesh mean lakhanoo ka charabag steshan desh ke vyastam steshanoan mean se ek hai. sath hi yah steshan apani khoobasoorati ke lie bhi jana jata hai.
24. bharatiy rel poori tarah se sarakar ke adhin hai, aur yah duniya ki sabase sasti rel sevaoan mean se ek hai. bharat mean chhote-b de kul milakar 7,500 relave steshan haian.
25. duniya ka sabase ooancha relave pul chinab nadi par ban raha hai. banane ke bad yah ooanchaee ke mamale mean peris ke ephil tavar ko bhi pichhe chho d dega.
26. 2014 mean pahali bar bharatiy relave ne ek mobail aiplikeshan laanch kiya, jisake jarie trenoan ki janakari hasil kar sakate haian.

rel mukhyalay tatha mandal

rel mukhyalay tatha mandal

kramaank	nam	sankshep	sthapana	mukhyalay	mandal
1.	uttar relave	ure	14 aprail, 1952	dilli	ambala, dilli, phirojapur, lakhanoo aur muradabad
2.	poorvottar relave	upoore	1952	gorakhapur	ijjat nagar, lakhanoo, varanasi
3.	poorvottar simaant relave	poosire	15 janavari, 1958	guvahati	alipur dvar, katihar, lamadiang, rangiya, tinasukiya
4.	poorv relave	poore	14 aprail, 1952	kolakata	hav da, siyaladah, asanasol, malada
5.	dakshinapoorv relave	dapoore	1955	kolakata	adra, chakradharapur, kh dagapur, raanchi
6.	dakshin madhy relave	damare	2 aktoobar, 1966	sikandarabad	sikandarabad, haidarabad, guantakal, guantoor, naande d, vijayava da
7.	dakshin relave	dare	14 aprail, 1951	chennee	chennee, madurai, palaghat, tiruchirappalli, triveandram, salem (koyanbatur)
8.	madhy relave	mare	5 navanbar, 1951	muanbee	muanbee, bhusaval, pune, sholapur, nagapur
9.	pashchim relave	pare	5 navanbar, 1951	muanbee	muanbee seantral, v daudara, ratalam, ahamadabad, rajakot, bhavanagar
10.	dakshin pashchim relave	dapare	1 aprail, 2003	hubali	hubali, baiangalor, maisoor
11.	uttar pashchim relave	upare	1 aktoobar, 2002	jayapur	jayapur, ajamer, bikaner, jodhapur
12.	pashchim madhy relave	pamare	1 aprail, 2003	jabalapur	jabalapur, bhopal, kota
13.	uttar madhy relave	umare	1 aprail, 2003	ilahabad	ilahabad, agara, jhaansi
14.	dakshinapoorv madhy relave	dapoomare	1 aprail, 2003	bilasapur	bilasapur, rayapur, nagapur
15.	poorv tatiy releve	pootare	1 aprail, 2003	bhuvaneshvar	khurda rod, sanbalapur, vishakhapattanam
16.	poorvamadhy relave	poomare	1 aktoobar, 2002	hajipur	danapur, dhanabad, mugalasaray, samastipur, sonapur
17.	koankan relave	kear	26 janavari, 1998	navi muanbee	koee nahian

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• bharatiy rel ka itihas