प्रमेय -न्याय दर्शन
nyay darshan mean praman ke vad pramey ka ullekh hua ha. pratham sootr mean ullikhit tattvajnan se pramiti abhipret hai, jisaki utpatti mean isake vishay apekshit hote jo pramey kahalate haian. vastumatr, jo praman se siddh kiya jata hai, pramey hota hai atev maharshi gautam ne avasar par praman ko bhi pramey kaha hai- ‘prameya ch tula pramanyavath‘ (2/1/16). jaise suvarn adi dravy ke gurutv vishesh ka nirdharan tarajoo (tula) se hota hai, us samay tarajoo (tula) gurutv nirdharak hone se praman mana jata hai. kintu us tarajoo (tula) mean hi yadi kisi ka sandeh ho to doosare tarajoo par use rakhakar usake pramany ki pariksha ki jati hai, tab vah pramey ho jata hai. isi tarah pramey ke sadhak pratyaksh adi praman haian, kintu unamean yadi pramany sandigdh ho jae to pramanantar se usaki pramanyasiddhi ke samay vah praman bhi pramey ho jata hai.
mumukshuoan ke lie is pramey padarth ka jnan avashyak hai. prakrisht - sarvashreshth, mey-jney= pramey barah prakar ke yahaan he gaye haian[1]:-
- atma- pahala pramey hai atma,, jisake ichchha, dvesh, prayatn, sukh, du:kh, aur jnan anumapak hetu haian.[2]
- sharir- doosara pramey sharir hai. atma ke prayatn se jo kriya hoti hai usaka nam hai cheshta. is cheshta ka ashray sharir hota hai.
- indriy- tisara pramey indriy hai. yadyapi chhathaan pramey manas bhi indriy hai. tathapi manas ke vishay mean vishesh jnan ke lie yahaan usaka prithakh ullekh kiya gaya hai.
- arth- chautha pramey ka nam arth hai yah indriy ka arth hota hai. kramash: paanch indriyoan se grahan karane yogy paanch vishesh gun - gandh, ras, roop, sparsh tatha shabd ko indriyarth kahate haian.[3]
- buddhi- paanchavaan pramey buddhi hai. ‘buddhayate yeneti buddhi:’ jisake dvara jnan hota hai- is arth mean nishpann ‘buddhi’ shabd yadyapi jiv ke ant:karan athava manas ka vachak hai.
- man- chhatha pramey manas hai. jiv ke sukh tatha du:kh adi ke manas-pratyaksh ka karan antarindriy manas hai.
- pravritti- satavaan pramey hai pravritti . manushyoan ke shubhashubh karm[4] pravritti pad se liye jate haian.
- dosh- athavaan pramey hai dosh. jivatma ke rag, dvesh aur moh in tinoan ko dosh kahate haian.[5]
- pretyabhav- navam pramey hai pretyabhav. isaka arth hota hai maran ke bad janm.[6]
- phal- dasavaan pramey hai phal. isake do prakar haian- mukhy aur gaun.
- du:kh- gyarahavaan pramey hai du:kh. du:kh kya hai- isake jnan ke bina apavarg-prapti ka adhikar hi nahian banata hai.
- apavarg- barahavaan pramey apavarg hai. du:kh ki atyantik nivritti hi apavarg hai.[7]
bhashyakar ne vaisheshik shastr ke padarthoan ko bhi yahaan pramey mean samavisht kiya hai. dravy, gun, karm, samany, vishesh tatha samavay adi bhi pramey kahe gaye haian. in padarthoan ke bhed-prabhed chooanki asankhy haian, atev naiyyayikoan ko aniyat prameyavadi kaha gaya hai. nyayamat mean pramey anant haian, kintu un prameyoan mean atma adi uparyukt barah prameyoan ka tattvasakshatkar sakal padarthavishayak vithyajnan ki nivritti ke dvara mukti ka sakshatkar hota hai. atev inhean pramey arthath utkrisht jney kaha gaya hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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