इन्द्रिय -न्याय दर्शन
- nyay darshan mean tisara pramey indriy hai. yadyapi chhathaan pramey manas bhi indriy hai. tathapi manas ke vishay mean vishesh jnan ke lie yahaan usaka prithakh ullekh kiya gaya hai. yadyapi saankhy adi darshanoan mean vak, pani, pad, payu, aur upasth- in paanch karmendriyoan ka bhi yahaan parigrah hua hai. aur vahian yah bhi kaha gaya hai ki ahankar sabhi indriyoan ko utpann karata hai. tathapi maharshi gautam hast adi aangavisheshoan ko indriy nahian manate haian. in ke mat mean ghran adi paanch indriyoan haian, [1] kyoanki ve pratyakshatmak jnan ke sakshat sadhan haian. hast adi indriyoan ke sadrish haian. atev unamean indriy pad ka lakshanik prayog hota hai. ‘tatpary’ tikakar vachaspati mishr[2] bhi nyay ke is siddhant ke samarthan mean kahate haian ki yadi asadharan kary ke sadhan hast adi ko indriy kaha jay tab to kanth, hriday, amashay tatha pakvashay ko bhi karmeanndriy kaha ja sakata hai. gautam ke mat mean ahankar kisi indriy ka upadan karan nahian hai, kintu prithivi adi panchabhoot hi kramash: ghran adi paanch indriyoan ke upadan karan haian.
- nyayadarshan mean indriy ko bhautik padarth kaha gaya hai. indriy-lakshanasootr ke ant mean maharshi gautam ne ‘bhootebhy:’ pad ka prayog kiya hai. inaki mool yukti yahi hai ki gandh, ras, roop, sparsh tatha shabdoan ke bich mean ghran indriy jab keval gandh ko hi grah karata hai tatha rasana keval ras ka hi pratyaksh karata hai, tab use bhautik hi kahana uchit hoga. kyoanki tattat bhootajanyatv hi vahaan anuman dvara siddh hota hai. shravanendriy utpann nahian hota hai. kyoanki jiv ka karnagolakavachchhinn nity akash hi vastut: shravan hai. usi karnagolak ki utpatti manakar shastr mean shravanendriy ko utpann kaha gaya hai. karnagolak upadhi ke bhed se shravanendriyaroop akash ke bhed ki kalpana ki jati hai. maharshi gautam ne akash ko shravanendriy ki yoni (mool) kaha hai. shravanendriy bhi abhautik padarth nahian hai. kintu akashatmak bhootaroop hai.
- gautam ke mat mean akash vibhu arthath sarvavyapi tatha nity padarth he. vibhudravy ki utpatti sambhav nahian hai. at ev akash roop shravanendriy vastut: nity padarth hai. gautam ke indriy - lakshanasootr mean - ‘bhootebhy’’ is pad mean panchami vibhakti ka arth janyatv nahian haian kintu prayojakatv hai. jisaki satta ke bina jisaki satta siddh nahian hoti hai, use usaka prayojy kahate haian. akash ki satta ke bina shravanendriy ki satta siddh nahian hoti hai, atev vah akash ka prayojy hai aur akash usaka prayojak.