योहानेस गुटनबर्ग
thumb|250px|yohanes gutanabarg yohanes gutanabarg (aangrezi: Johannes Gutenberg, janm- 1398 ee., mrityu- 1468 ee.) taip ke madhyam se mudran vidya ke avishkarak the. ve jarmani ke meanj ke rahane vale the. yohanes gutanabarg ne hi 1439 mean priantiang mashin ka avishkar kiya tha. ye ek moovebal taip priantiang mashin thi. duniya ki pahali priantiang mashin se unhoanne baibil ki chhapaee ki thi. ye baibil aj bhi gutanabarg baibil nam se prasiddh hai. is moovebal priantiang mashin se chhapaee ka kam bl aauk mean akshar khodakar kiya jata tha.
mashin ki visheshata
jarmani ke meanj shahar mean 1398 mean janme yohanes gutanabarg ki priantiang mashin ki khas bat ye thi ki isase chhapaee mean lak di ki jagah metal bl aauk ka istemal hota tha. is mashin ke eejad hone se kisi bhi tarah ke pepar par chhapaee karana asan ho gaya tha. ye priantiang mashin rojana ek hajar se jyada pej ki chhapaee kar sakati thi. isake pahale chhapaee ki jo takanik thi, usase din bhar mean sirph 40 se 50 pej hi priant ho pate the.
shiksha kshetr mean kraanti
is priantiang mashin ke avishkar ke bad shiksha ke kshetr mean kraanti a gee thi. buks ki chhapaee hone lagi. logoan ke bich kitaboan ki maang badhane lagi. isaki vajah yoorop ka midil klas bhi tha, jo kitabean padhane laga tha. gutanabarg ki priantiang mashin mean sabase pahale jarman bhasha mean ek kavita chhapi gee thi. isake alava laitin gramar ki kitab ki chhapaee bhi ki gee, lekin gutanabarg pres ko pahachan baibil ki chhapaee ke bad hi mili. is baibil ki chhapaee adhik sankhya mean ki gee. use yoorop ke bahar ke charchoan mean pahuanchaya gaya. isase pahale baibil bahut kam thi. ise hath se likhane mean padari ko ek sal ka samay lagata tha, lekin gutanabarg ne isase bhi kam samay mean 200 baibil ki chhapaee kar di thi.
yohanes gutanabarg ne priantiang pres mean chhapi pahali baibil 30 phlorin (us samay ki jarman mudra) mean bechi thi. ye us samay hath se likhi baibil se sasti thi. aj bhi 21 se jyada gutanabarg baibil maujood haian. aj inaki vailyoo 30 miliyan d aaular se adhik hai.
mrityu
3 faravari, 1468 ee. ko yohanes gutanabarg ka nidhan ho gaya.
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