दमित्री मेंडलीव
damitri meandaliv
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| poora nam | damitri ivanovich meandaliv |
| janm | 8 faravari, 1834 |
| janm bhoomi | tobolosk, saiberiya |
| mrityu | 2 faravari, 1907 |
| mrityu sthan | seant pitarsabarg |
| abhibhavak | mata- mariya meandaliva |
| karm bhoomi | roos |
| karm-kshetr | rasayan vijnan |
| shiksha | rasayan vijnan mean d aauktaret |
| prasiddhi | rasayanashastri |
| nagarikata | roosi |
| sanbandhit lekh | avart sarani, avadhi (avart sarani), samooh (avart sarani) |
| any janakari | avart sarani ki rachana rasayan vijnan ki yatra mean bahut b da p dav mana jata hai. 1869 mean astitv mean aee is sarani ne duniya bhar mean ho rahe rasayanik tatvoan ke adhyayan ko taratib mean lane ka bahut b da kam kiya tha. |
damitri ivanovich meandaliv (aangrezi: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, janm- 8 faravari, 1834, tobolosk, saiberiya; mrityu- 2 faravari, 1907, seant pitarsabarg) ek roosi rasayan vaijnanik the. unhean sabase behatarin tatvoan ki adhunik avart sarani taiyar karane ke lie jana jata hai. damitri meandaliv ne aur bhi kee kshetroan mean apana pramukh yogadan diya, jaise- maitrol aauji (map ke adhyayan), krishi aur udyog. meandaliv ne 'rasayan siddhaant' nam se ek pustak 1905 ee. mean likhi, jisake anuvad sabhi pramukh bhashaoan mean kie ge. unhoanne bhoogarbh vijnan, bhoobhautiki adi par bhi kary kiya. unhoanne apane desh ko udyog tatha rasayan sanbandhi anek batoan par amooly sujhav die.
parichay
piriyodik tebal yani avart sarani ki rachana rasayan vijnan ki yatra mean bahut b da p dav mana jata hai. 1869 mean astitv mean aee is sarani ne duniya bhar mean ho rahe rasayanik tatvoan ke adhyayan ko taratib mean lane ka bahut b da kam kiya tha. isake bad hi tamam rasayanik tatvoan ke gunoan ka samoohik adhyayan sanbhav ho saka. aj vijnan ke shuruati skooli pathyakramoan ko isi se shuroo kiya jata hai. is karaname ko aanjam dene vale roosi vaijnanik damitri meandaliv ke jivan ki kahani kisi ajoobe se kam nahian hai.
janm
damitri meandaliv ka janm 8 faravari, 1834 mean saiberiya ke sudoor pashchim mean maujood ek nagar tobolosk mean hua tha. unake pita ek sthaniy skool ke hedamastar the jabaki unaki mata mariya samany grihini. yah bahut sare bachchoan vala bahut b da parivar tha. kuchh sootr batate haian ki damitri meandaliv ke chaudah bhaee-bahan the to kuchh ke anusar yah sankhya satrah thi. is ek bat par sabhi sootr alabatta ekamat haian ki damitri meandaliv parivar ke sabase chhote sadasy the. yah ek padha-likha aur thik-thak sanpann parivar tha.
arthik pareshaniyaan
damitri meandaliv ke janm ke tho de hi samay ke bad unake pita motiyabiand big dane ke karan aandhe ho ge. ghar par khane ke lale p de to unaki mata ne bahar kam karana shuroo kar diya. ve najadik ke ek shahar aremajiyanka mean kaanch banane vali ek saphal phaiktri mean chhote se pad par kam karana shuroo karane ke bad dhire-dhire mainejar ke pad par pahuanch gayi thian. damitri meandaliv apani mata ko karakhane mean kam karata dekhate the jahaan baloo aur choone ke pattharoan ko ag mean galakar rang-biranga kaanch banaya jata tha. sanbhavatah chijoan ke roopaantaran ki is akarshak prakriya ne balak damitri ke man ko rasayan vijnan ki taraph khianchana shuroo kar diya hoga. apane jivan ke bad ke varshoan mean damitri meandaliv kaanch se bani chijoan ki ek tasvir ko apane daphtar ki divar par hamesha taange rahate the.
m aausko agaman
ghar thik-thak chal raha tha jab sal 1848 mean is phaiktri mean ag lag gayi. parivar phir se nirdhanata ke muhane par a kh da hua. damitri meandaliv ki maan bahut bahadur aur samajhadar mahila thian. unhoanne shuroo se gaur kiya hua tha ki unaka sabase chhota beta padhane-likhane ke mamale mean sabhi bhaee-bahanoan mean avval tha. so ve kisi bhi kimat par apane is bachche ko achchhi shiksha dilane ke lie katibaddh thian. mariya meandaliva nam ki is majaboot aurat ne apane is sabase chhote bete ko sat sal ki ayu tak ghar mean hi padhaya aur usaki shiksha ke lie bilakul shuruat se tho da-tho da paisa chhipakar bachana shuroo kar diya tha. unake samane do raste the- ya to kisi aur jagah kam dhooandhean ya damitri meandaliv ki pratibha ke lie kuchh karean. unhoanne doosara rasta chuna aur apane nagar se koee dhaee hajar mil door masko jane ka phaisala kiya. damitri aur ek beti elijabeth ko chho dakar unake baki bachche apane pairoan par kh de ho chuke the, so is phaisale ko lene mean unhean vaisi dikkat nahian huee jaisi das sal pahale ho sakati thi.
shiksha hetu sangharsh
yah 1849 ka vakaya hai aur un dinoan relaga diyaan chalana shuroo nahian huee thian. yah kalpana kar sakate haian ki apane do bachchoan ke sath kabhi slejaga diyoan to kabhi gho da ga diyoan se lipht maangati, kabhi yooral parvat ke viran vistar mean paidal chalati, apane jivan bhar ki kamaee sath lekar chal rahi us maan ke bhitar apane bete ko padhane ki ichchha kis kadar dhadhak rahi hogi. masko tak ki yatra char se chhah haftoan mean nibati. masko vishvavidyalay pahuanchane par unhean gahari nirasha hath lagi, jab damitri meandaliv ko pravesh nahian mila aur unhean vapas tobolosk jane aur vahian ke sthaniy vishvavidyalay mean padhane ki ray di gayi. mariya ka bhaee masko mean rahata tha. usane bhi pravesh dilane mean madad karane ki koshish ki lekin kuchh nahian ho saka.
mariya meandaliva har manane vali nahian thi. unhoanne apane bete ko kisi bhi kimat par ek behatarin yoonivarsiti mean padhane bhejana tha. masko ke bad agala vikalp tha vahaan se karib sat sau kilomitar door seant pitarsabarg ka vishvavidyalay. kuchh mahine masko mean rahane ke bad jald hi ek maan aur usake do bachchoan ka chhota sa samooh ek doosari aur vaisi hi mushkil yatra par nikal p da. seant pitarsabarg mean bhi unhean nirash hona p da. vahaan ke mahan vishvavidyalay ne bhi damitri meandaliv ko edamishan nahian diya. ab bahut kam vikalp bache the. so kisi tarah, samajhauta kar mariya ne apane bete ka dakhila vahaan ke mukhy shikshak-prashikshan sansthan mean karava diya, jahaan kabhi damitri meandaliv ke pita ivan pavalovich meandaliv ne bhi padhaee ki thi. pichhale kuchh saloan se is sansthan ne apana dhyan shikshak-prashikshan ko chho d svatantr shodh par dena shuroo kiya hua tha aur isake alava sansthan ki imarat seant pitarsabarg vishvavidyalay ke parisar mean hi thi. mariya ne damitri meandaliv ko ganit aur bhautik vijnan vishay dila die. desh-duniya ke b de vaijnanik yahaan bhashan dene aya karate the. yah mahaul damitri meandaliv ki pratibha ke hisab se bahut muphid tha aur usamean lagatar nikhar ata chala gaya.
maan-bahan ka nidhan
pichhale do-tin sal mariya meandaliva ke jivan mean behad kathin aur mashakkat vale rahe the. isaka khamiyaja unaki deh ko uthana p da aur sitambar 1850 mean tibi se unaki mrityu ho gayi. damitri meandaliv ko shikshak-prashikshan sansthan mean dakhila usi sal mila tha. kuchh hi mahine bad damitri ki bahan elijabeth ki maut bhi usi bimari se huee. khud damitri meandaliv bhi tibi se sankramit hue aur d aauktar ne yahaan tak kah diya tha ki unake bachane ki ummid kam hai lekin chamatkarik tarike se ve bach ge. is dohare akraman ne unhean to dakar rakh diya, lekin unhoanne apani maan ka beta hone ka pharj nibhana tha.
rasayan mean daktaret ki digri
damitri meandaliv ne usi sansthan mean adhyayan jari rakha aur rasayan vijnan mean daktaret ki digri hasil ki. vahian rahate hue unhean paramanu ke bhar ke sambandh mean vikhyat vaijnanik kainijaro ka bhashan sunane ko mila, jisase prerit hokar unhoanne piriyodik tebal ki parikalpana par kam karana shuroo kar diya. unase pahale ianglaind ke vaijnanik j aaun nyoolaiands ne is vishay mean tho da kam kiya tha; lekin usamean kaphi ganbhir dosh the. 1869 mean damitri meandaliv ne adhunik vijnan ki sabase b di upalabdhiyoan mean ek ko kis tarah hasil kiya, vah ek alag b di kahani hai. philahal yah nahian bhoolana chahie ki unaki maan ke bhitar yadi vaisi himmat aur dridh ichchhashakti nahian hoti to damitri meandaliv ka kya banata, kaha nahian ja sakata.
pustak prakashan v bhoomika
svayan ek padhe-likhe parivar se sambandh rakhane vali damitri meandaliv ki maan ne apane sabhi bachchoan ko bachapan se hi kagaz par likhe shabdoan ki ijjat karane ka path sikhaya tha. meandaliv ko ahasas tha ki unaki maan ne unake lie kya kiya tha. jab 1887 mean ve usi seant pitarsabarg vishvavidyalay mean profesar the, jisane unhean dakhila dene se mana kar diya tha, unhoanne apani pahali b di kitab prakashit karavaee. is kitab ki bhoomika mean unhoanne likha-
"yah shodh ek maan ki smriti ko usake sabase chhoti santan dvara samarpit hai. ek phaiktri chalati huee vah khud apane kam se use sikhaya karati thi. vah misalean dekar sabak sikhati thi, mohabbat se sudharati thi aur apani us santan ko vijnan padhane ke lie vah use lekar saiberiya se ek lambe safar par nikal p di. is kam mean usaki akhiri paee aur takat lag gayi. jab vah mar rahi thi usane kaha tha- sanshay se bachana aur kam karane par jor dena n ki shabdoan par. dhiraj ke sath param vaijnanik saty ki talash karate jana."
apane poore jivan kal mean apane betaratib baloan aur dadhi ke karan door se pahachane jane vale damitri meandaliv ko unake kam ki taratib aur gunavatta ke lie jana gaya. aj piriyodik tebal ke bina rasayanik shodhoan ki kalpana bhi nahian ki ja sakati. damitri meandaliv ki mahan maan ke us jajbe ki kalpana avashy ki ja sakati hai, jisane har chhoti-b di mushkil ka samana kar apane putr ki pratibha ki hiphajat ki. unhoanne apani jan tak de di, lekin yah sunishchit kiya ki vah pratibha un kamoan ko aanjam de sake jisake vah layak thi.
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