हाइड्रोजन

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  1. REDIRECTसाँचा:Infobox element

हाइड्रोजन आवर्त सारणी का प्रथम तत्व है। यह अन्य सभी तत्वों से हल्का होता है। इसका प्रतीकानुसार 'Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} ' तथा परमाणु संख्या 1 होती है। इसका परमाणु द्रव्यमान 1.008 होता है। इसका इलेक्ट्रॉनिक विन्यास 1Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {s}} 1 होता है। इसे अवार्त सारणी के उपवर्ग 1Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {A}} में रखा गया है। यह 'Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {s}} ' - ब्लॉक का सदस्य है। कुछ मामले में हाइड्रोजन की समानता हैलोजन के साथ होने के कारण इसे इन तत्वों के साथ उपवर्ग Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {V}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {I}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {I}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {A}} में भी रख दिया गया है। प्रथम तत्व होने के कारण हाइड्रोजन का 9वाँ स्थान है। सूर्य और तारों का आधा भाग हाइड्रोजन का बना है। हाइड्रोजन को भविष्य का ईंधन कहा जाता है। इसके नाभिक में सिर्फ एक प्रोटॉन होता है। यह आवर्त सारणी का एकमात्र ऐसा तत्व है, इसके नाभिक में न्यूट्रॉन नहीं पाया जाता है। इसकी खोज 1766 ई. में हेनरी कैवेंडिस ने की। हाइड्रोजन सभी अम्लों का अनिवार्य अंग है। (DAVY का कथन)

हाइड्रोजन निर्माण की विधि

(i) लाल तप्त लोहे पर भाप प्रवाहित करने पर हाइड्रोजन गैस प्राप्त होती है।

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {3}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {e}} + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {4}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} 2Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {O}} → Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {e}} 3Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {O}} 4 + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {4}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} 2↑

(ii) हाइड्रोजन की जल से प्रतिक्रिया करने पर हाइड्रोजन गैस प्राप्त होती है।

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {C}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} 2 + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {2}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} 2Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {O}} → Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {C}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}} (Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {O}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} )2 + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} 2↑

(iii) सोडियम को जल के साथ प्रतिक्रिया करने पर हाइड्रोजन गैस प्राप्त होती है।

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {2}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {N}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}} + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {2}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} 2Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {O}} → Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {2}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {N}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {O}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} 2↑

हाइड्रोजन का अधिशोषण

पैलेडियम जैसी कुछ धातुओं के महीन चूर्ण द्वारा हाइड्रोजन गैस शीघ्रता से अवशेषित कर ली जाती है। धातु को गर्म करने पर अधिशोषित गैस पुनः बाहर निकल जाती है। हाइड्रोजन के इस प्रकार अधिशोषित होने की क्रिया को हाइड्रोजन का अधिशोषण कहते हैं।

तेलों का हाइड्रोजनीकरण

उच्च दाव पर निकेल उत्प्रेरक की उपस्थिति में हाइड्रोजन वनस्पलि तेलों से संयोग करके उन्हें वनस्पति घी में परिणत कर देता है, इस प्रक्रिया को तेलों का हाइड्रोजनीकरण कहते हैं।

हाइड्रोजन का उपयोग

  1. प्रायः अन्य गैसों के साथ मिश्रित कर ईंधन के रूप में
  2. हैबर विधि से अमोनिया के उत्पादन में होता है।
  3. वनस्पति घी के निर्माण में
  4. गैसोलिन के उत्पाद में
  5. ऑक्सीजन हाइड्रोजन लौ (ताप 2800°Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {C}} ) का उपयोग धातुओं को काटने तथा जोड़ने में होता है।
  6. हल्की गैस होने के कारण गुब्बारे में भरने में होता है, किन्तु ज्वलनशील होने के कारण आजकल इसकी जगह हीलियम या हीलियम-हाइड्रोजन मिश्रण (Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {e}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {8}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {5}} % + Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {H}} 2 Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {1}} Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {5}} %) का व्यवहार होता है।
  7. द्रव हाइड्रोजन रॉकेट ईंधन के रूप में प्रयुक्त होता है।


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