आगम

agam ek sanskrit shabd hai, jisaka arth hota hai- "jnan ka arjan". prasanganusar 'agam' bharat ke kisi bhi dharm, mat ya paranpara ke dharmagranth ya adhikrit uddharan se sandarbhit ho sakata hai. kabhi-kabhi vartaman jivan ya poorv jivan mean kisi vyakti dvara sachetan ya prakritik roop se arjit jnan ke lie bhi 'agam' shabd ka ullekh kiya jata hai.

vyakhya

'brahmanavad' ya hindoo dharm mean 'agam' amataur par ved aur smriti ko kaha jata hai. bauddh dharm mean yah 'tripitak'; jain dharm mean 'aang' aur kuchh upaang ki or iangit karata hai. lekin is shabd ka adhik nikat sanbandh un dharmik-darshanik paranparaoan se hai, jo kisi samay mean ved adharit paranpara se alag mane ge haian. isake phalasvaroop kabhi-kabhi nigam, shruti aur vedoan se agam ki bhinnata ko bhi darshaya jata hai. vishesh roop se 'agam' madhyakalin bharat ke hindoo taantrik lekhoan mean se kisi varg se sanbaddh ho sakata hai, jo shaiv mat ke anuyayiyoan ka pavitr sahity hai. is prakar ki agam rachanaoan ko pray: adhik saiddhaantik tatha goodh shastroan se alag samajha jata hai. shaiv mat mean ye sarvapramukh haian aur sankirn arthoan mean ye vaishnav sanhitaoan tatha shakt tantroan ke saman haian. ye zyadatar bhagavan shiv aur unaki patni parvati ke bich sanvad ke roop mean hai. inaka avirbhav sanbhavat: athavian shatabdi mean hua tha. vaicharik suvidha ke lie vidvanh inhean char shaiv matoan mean baantate haian-

1. shaivasidvaant ka sanskrit mat
2. tamil shaiv
3. kashmiri shaiv
4. virashaiv (jo 'liangayat' bhi kahalata hai)

dharmik vidhi-vidhan ka srot

'agam' mandir nirman, moorti nirman tatha dharmik vidhi-vidhan ke bare mean janakari upalabdh karate haian. adhikaansh hiandoo dharmik sahity ke saman yah sahity n to bhali-bhaanti soochibaddh hai aur n hi isaka vistrit adhyayan kiya gaya hai. agami shaivoan (shiv ke upasak, jo apane agam yani paranparik sahity ka anusaran karate haian) ke sanpradayoan mean shaiv mat ki darshanik bhoomika aur nishkarshoan ko svikar karane vale uttari kshetr ke sanskrit shaiv siddhaant matavalanbi aur dakshin bharat ke 'ligaanyat' ya 'virashaiv' (vir, shabdarth nayak; shivaliang bhagavan shiv ka pratik hai aur pratima ke sthan par isi ki pooja jati hai) shamil haian.

shaiv siddhaant

paanraparik roop se shaiv siddhaant mean 28 agam aur 150 up-agam haian. mukhy path ka kal nirdharit karana kathin hai. sanbhavat: ve athavian shatabdi se pahale ke nahian haian. is siddhaant ke anusar, shiv is sansar ke chetan siddhaant haian, jabaki padarth achetan hai. devi ke roop mean manavikrit shiv ki shakti bandhan aur mukt pradan karati hai. shakti ek chamatkari 'shabd' (mantr) bhi hai, jisake dvara dhyan lagakar shiv ki prakriti ko janane ka prayatn kiya ja sakata hai. kashmiri shaiv mat ki shuruat shiv ke ne svaroop 'shiv sootr' ya shiv se sanbandhit sootroan (lagabhag 850 ee.) se huee. isamean 'somanand' (950 ee.) ke 'shivadrishti' (shiv ki drishti) ko vishesh mahattv diya gaya hai, jisamean shiv ki satat pahachan par bal diya gaya hai; yah sansar shakti ke madhyam se shiv ka prakatikaran hai. is paddhati ko 'trik' (trayi) kahate haian, kyoanki isamean shiv, shakti aur vaiyaktik atma ke tin siddhaantoan ko manyata di gee hai.

virashaiv granth

virashaiv granthoan ki shuruat lagabhag 1150 mean basav ke 'vachanam' (vachan) se huee. yah mat shuddhatavadi hai aur inamean keval shiv ki aradhana ki jati hai. isane samajik sangathan ko svikara aur samajik varg vyavastha ko nakara jata hai tatha yah mathoan v guruoan ke madhyam se atyant sanyojit hai.

jain dharm se sambandh

'agam' shabd ka jain dharm mean vishisht sthan hai. bhagavan mahavir ke upadesh jain dharm ke mool siddhant haian, jinhean 'agam' kaha jata hai. ve ardh-magadhi prakrit bhasha mean haian. unhean acharaangadi barah 'aangoan' mean sankalit kiya gaya, jo 'dvadashang agam' kahe jate haian. vaidik sanhitaoan ki bhaanti jain agam bhi pahale shrut roop mean hi the. mahavir ke bad bhi kee shatabdiyoan tak unhean lipibaddh nahian kiya gaya tha. 'shvetambar' aur 'digambar' shakhaoan mean jahaan anek batoan mean matabhed tha, vahian agamoan ko lipibaddh n karane mean donoan ek mat the. kalaantar mean unhean lipibaddh to kiya gaya; kintu likhit roop ki pramanikata is dharm ke donoan sanpradayoan ko saman roop se svikrit nahian huee. shvetambar sanpraday ke anuhsar samast agamoan ke chh: vibhag haian-

1. 'aang'
2. 'upaang'
3. 'prakirnak'
4. 'chhedasootr'
5. 'sootr'
6. 'moolasootr'

inamean 'ekadash aang sootr' sabase prachin mane jate haian. digambar sanpraday upayukt agamoan ko nahian manata hai. is sanpraday ka mat hai, aantim shrutakevali bhadrabahu ke pashchath agamoan ka jnan lupt pray ho gaya tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh