जलियाँवाला बाग़

[[chitr:Jallianwalah-Bagh-Amritsar.jpg|jaliyaanvala bag, amritasar
Jallianwalah Bagh, Amritsar|thumb]] jaliyaanvala bag hatyakaand aj bhi british shasan ke janaral dayar ki kahani kahata najar ata hai, jab usane saik doan nirdosh deshabhaktoan ko aandhadhuandh golibari kar mar dala tha. 13 aprail 1919 ki vah tarikh aj bhi vishv ke b de narasanharoan mean se ek ke roop mean darj hai.

jaliyaanvala bag mean sabha

panjab ke amritasar nagar mean jaliyaanvala bag namak sthan par aangrezoan ki senaoan ne bharatiy pradarshanakariyoan par aandhadhuandh goliyaan chalakar b di sankhya mean unaki hatya kar di. yah ghatana 13 aprail 1919 ko huee . is ghatana ke bad mahatma gaandhi ne 1920-22 ke asahayog aandolan ki shuruat ki. us din vaishakhi ka tyohar tha . 1919 mean bharat ki british sarakar ne r aaulet ekt ka shaantipoorvak virodh karane par jananeta pahale hi giraphtar kar lie the . is giraphtari ki nianda karane aur pahale hue goli kaand ki bhartsana karane ke lie jaliyaanvala bag mean shaantipoorvak ek sabha ayojit ki gayi thi . 13 aprail 1919 ko tisare pahar das hazar se bhi zyada nihatthe stri, purush aur bachche janasabha karane par pratibandh hone ke bavajood amritasar ke jaliyaanvala bag mean virodh sabha ke lie ekatr hue .

ghatanakram

vah ravivar ka din tha aur asapas ke gaanvoan ke anek kisan hianduoan tatha sikkhoan ka utsav ‘baisakhi’ banane amritasar ae the . yah bag charoan or se ghira hua tha. aandar jane ka keval ek hi rasta tha. janaral ar. ee. ech. dayar ne apane sipahiyoan ko bag ke ekamatr tang praveshamarg par tainat kiya tha . bag sath- sath sati eeantoan ki imaratoan ke pichhava de ki divaroan se tin taraph se ghira tha . dayar ne bina kisi chetavani ke 50 sainikoan ko goliyaan chalane ka adesh diya aur chikhate, atankit bhagate nihatthe bachchoan, mahilaoan, boodhoan ki bhi d par 10-15 minat mean 1650 goliyaan dag di gee . jinamean se kuchh log apani jan bachane ki koshish karane mean lage logoan ki bhagad d mean kuchal kar mar ge .

shahidoan ke aank de

sarakari anumanoan ke anusar, lagabhag 400 log mare ge aur 1200 ke lagabhag ghayal hue, jinhean koee chikitsa suvidha nahian di gee . amritasar ke dipti kamishnar karyalay mean 484 shahidoan ki soochi hai. jaliyaanvala bag mean 388 shahidoan ki soochi hai. british shasan ke abhilekh mean is ghatana mean 200 logoan ke ghayal, 379 logoan ke shahid hone ki bat svikar ki gayi hai jisamean se 337 purush, 41 nabalig kishor l dake aur ek 6 saptah ka bachcha bhi tha. anadhikarik aank doan mean kaha jata hai ki 1000 se adhik log mare ge the aur lagabhag 2000 se bhi adhik ghayal ho gaye the.

janaral dayar ka tark

janaral dayar ne apani karyavahi ko sahi thaharane ke lie tark diye aur kaha ki ‘naitik aur dooragami prabhav’ ke lie yah zaroori tha. isalie unhoanne goli chalavaee. dayar ne svikar kar kaha ki agar aur karatoos hote, to fayariang zari rahati . nihatthe nar-nari, balak-vriddhoan par aangrezi sena tab tak goli chalati rahi jab tak ki unake pas goliyaan samapt nahian ho geean . kaangres ki jaanch kameti ke anuman ke anusar ek hazar se adhik vyakti vahian mare ge the. saik doan vyakti zianda kuane mean kood gaye the . goliyaan bharatiy sipahiyoan se chalavaee gayian thian aur unake pichhe sanginean tanean gore sipaee kh de the . is hatyakaand ki sab jagah nianda huee . kintu ‘british haus aph ladars’ mean janaral dayar ki prashansa ki gee .

jaanch ayog ka gathan

panjab praant ke gavarnar maikel o. dayar ne amritasar mean hue narasanhar ka samarthan kiya, use sahi bataya aur 15 aprail ko poore praant mean marshal l aau lagoo kar diya, lekin vaisar aauy chemsaford ne is karyavahi ko galat faisala bataya aur videsh mantri edh-vin m aauntegyoo ne narasanhar ka pata chalane par l aaurd hantar ki adhyakshata mean jaanch ayog ka gathan kiya. bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ne apani alag jaanch samiti gathit ki . yadyapi bad mean dayar ko pad se hata diya gaya, lekin briten mean vah bahutoan ke lie visheshakar kanzaravetiv parti ke lie, vah nayak banakar laute. unhoanne dayar ko ratnaj dit talavar bheant ki, jis par likha tha, ‘panjab ka rakshak’ aur chanda karake use do hazar pauand ka inam diya gaya .

r aaulet ekt ki pratikriya

[[chitr:Bullet-Holes-Jallianwalah-Bagh-Amritsar.jpg|goli ke nishan, jaliyaanvala bag, amritasar
Bullet Marks, Jallianwalah Bagh, Amritsar|thumb]] svatantrata sangram par kee pustakean likh chuke 'prophesar chaman lal' ka kathan hai ki british shasan azadi ki l daee mean hinduoan aur musalamanoan ki ekata ko dekhakar ghabara gaya tha. unhoanne donoan samudayoan mean dharm ke adhar par nafarat ki divar kh di karane ki koshishean kian, lekin ve saphal nahian ho pa rahe the.

british shasan ne jab r aaulet ekt lagoo kiya to poore desh mean azadi ki lahar aee. panjab mean isaka zyada asar tha. r aaulet ekt ke virodh mean 13 aprail 1919 ko shaantipoorn tariqe se amritasar ke jaliyaanvala bag mean ek janasabha rakhi gee, jise viphal karane ke lie british shasan hiansa par utar aya.

h datal aur british shasan

pro.chaman lal ke anusar chhah aprail ko poore panjab mean h datal rahi aur 10 aprail 1919 ko hindoo aur musalamanoan ne milakar bahut b de star par ramanavami ke tyohar ka ayojan kiya. hindoo muslim ekata se panjab ka tatkalin gavarnar maikal odavayar ghabara gaya. british shasan ne 13 aprail ki janasabha ko viphal karane ke lie sam, dam, dand, bhed ka prayog kiya. logoan ko darane ke lie is sabha se kuchh din pahale hi 22 deshabhaktoan ko maut ke ghat utar diya gaya tha.

10 aprail 1919 ko british shasan ne do b de netaoan d aau. satyapal aur saiphuddin kichaloo ko varta ke lie bulavaya aur unhean giraphtar kar liya gaya. unhean kalapani ki saja de di gee. 10 aprail 1919 ko amritasar up kamishnar se in donoan netaoan ko riha karane ki maang ki gee kintu britishoan ne shaanti se virodh kar rahi janata par goliyaan chalava dian jisase tanav aur badh gaya. us din baiankoan, sarakari bhavanoan, taun h aaul, relave steshanoan par agazani huee. is hiansa mean 5 yooropiy nagarikoan ki hatya ho gee. isake bad british sipahi bharatiy janata par goliyaan chalate rahe jisase lagabhag 8 se 20 bharatiyoan ki mrityu ho gayi. agale do din amritasar shaant raha kintu panjab ke kee kshetroan mean hiansa phail gee. ise dabane ke lie british shasan ne panjab mean marshal l aau lagoo kar diya.

gaandhi ji ki giraphtari

british shasan ne jaliyaanvala bag ki janasabha mean bhag lene ja rahe mahatma gaandhi ko bhi 10 aprail ko palaval relave steshan se giraphtar kar liya. apane netaoan ki giraphtari se log bh dak gaye aur 13 aprail 1919 ko baisakhi ke din hazaroan ki sankhya mean jaliyaanvala bag pahuanche. hindoo, sikh aur musalamanoan ki ekata se apane shasan ko khatare mean dekhakar british shasan ne bharatiyoan ko sabak sikhane ke lie yah sab kiya. jaliyaanvala bag mean goliyoan ke nishan aj bhi maujood haian jo british shasan ke atyachar ki kahani kahate haian.

janasanhar ki pratikriyaean

gurudev ravindr nath taigor ne is hatyakand ke mukhar virodh kiya aur virodh svaroop apani 'naitahud' ki upadhi ko vapas kar diya tha. ajadi ka sapana aisi bhayavah ghatana ke bad bhi past nahian hua. is ghatana ke bad ajadi hasil karane ki ichchha aur jor se uphan p di. yadyapi un dinoan sanchar ke sadhan kam the, phir bhi yah samachar poore desh mean ag ki tarah phail gaya. 'ajadi ka sapana' panjab hi nahian, poore desh ke bachche-bachche ke sir par chadh kar bolane laga. us dauran hazaroan bharatiyoan ne jaliyaanvala bag ki mitti se mathe par tilak lagakar desh ko ajad karane ka dridh sankalp liya. is ghatana se panjab poori tarah se bharatiy svatantrata aandolan mean sammilit ho gaya aur isi sanhar ki pratikriya ke phalasvaroop gaandhi ji ne 1920 mean asahayog aandolan praranbh kiya.

jaliyaanvala bag hatyakaand ke samay udham sianh jaliyaanvala bag mean the. udham sianh ko bhi goli lagi thi. unhoanne isaka badala lene ke lie 13 march 1940 ko landan ke kaiksatan h aaul mean bam visphot kiya. is ghatana ke samay british leftinent gavarnar mayakal o dayar ko goli se mar dala. oodham sianh ko 31 julaee 1940 ko phaansi de di gayi. gaandhi ji aur javaharalal neharoo ne oodham sianh dvara ki gee is hatya ki nianda ki thi.

jaliyaanvala bag hatyakaand ka 12 varsh ki umr ke bhagat sianh ke bal man par gahara asar dala aur isaki soochana prapt hote hi bhagat sianh apane skool se 12 mil paidal chalakar jaliyaanvala bag pahuanch ge the.

smarak

azadi ke bad ameriki dizainar beanjamin pok ne jaliyaanvala bag smarak ka dizain taiyar kiya, jisaka udghatan 13 aprail 1961 ko kiya gaya.

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah