नालन्दा विश्‍वविद्यालय

• bharat mean prachinakal mean bihar zile mean nalanda vishh‍vavidyalay tha, jahaan desh-videsh ke chhatr shiksha ke lie ate the. ajakal isake avashesh dikhalaee dete haian.
• patana se 90 kimi. door aur bihar sharif se qarib 12 kimi. dakshin, vishv prasiddh prachin bauddh vishvavidyalay, nalanda ke khandahar sthit haian. yahaan 10,000 chhatroan ko padhane ke lie 2,000 shikshak the.
• prasiddh chini yatri hvenasaang ne 7vian shatabdi mean yahaan jivan ka mahatvapoorn ek varsh ek vidyarthi aur ek shikshak ke roop mean vyatit kiya tha.
• bhagavan buddh ne samrat ashok ko yahaan upadesh diya tha.
• bhagavan mahavir bhi yahian rahe the.
• prasiddh bauddh sariputr ka janm yahian par hua tha.

vishh‍vavidyalay ki sthapana

• guptakalin samrat kumaragupt pratham ne 415-454 ee.poo. nalanda vishh‍vavidyalay ki sthapana ki thi.
• nalanda vishh‍vavidyalay mean adhyayan karane ke lie java, chin, tibbat, shrilanka v koriya adi ke chhatr ate the.
• jab hvenasaang bharat aya tha us samay nalanda vishh‍vavidyalay mean 8500 chhatr evan 1510 adhyapak the. isake prakhyat adhyapakoan shilabhadr ,dharmapal, chandrapal, gunamati, sthiramati, prabhamitr, jinamitr, dikanag, jnanachandr, nagarjun, vasubandhu, asang, dharmakirti adi the.
• is vishh‍vavidyalay mean pali bhasha mean shikshan kary hota tha. 12vian shati mean bakhtiyar khilaji ke akraman se yah vishvavidyalay nasht ho gaya tha.

• pahale yahaan keval ek bauddh vihar bana tha jo dhire-dhire ek mahan vidyalay ke roop mean parivartit ho gaya. is vishvavidyalay ko gupt tatha maukhari nareshoan tatha kanyakubjadhip harsh se nirantar arth sahayata aur sanrakshan prapt hota raha
• yuvanachvaang ke pashchat bhi agale 30 varshoan mean nalanda mean prayah gyarah chini aur koriyayi yatri ae the.
• chin mean itsiang aur huili aur koriya se hainih, yahaan ane vale videshi yatriyoan mean mukhy hai. 630 ee. mean jab yuvanachvaang yahaan ae the tab yah vishvavidyalay apane charamotkarsh par tha. is samay yahaan das sahastr vidyarthi aur ek sahastr achary the.
• vidyarthiyoan ka pravesh nalanda vishvavidyalay mean kafi kathinaee se hota tha kyoanki keval uchchakoti ke vidyarthiyoan ko hi pravisht kiya jata tha.
• shiksha ki vyavastha mahasthavir ke niyantran mean thi. shilabhadr us samay yahaan ke pradhanachary the. ye prasiddh bauddh vidvan the. yahaan ke any khyatiprapt acharyoan mean nagarjun, padamasanbhav (jinhoanne tibbat mean bauddh dharm ka prachar kiya), shaantirakshit aur dipakar, ye sabhi bauddh dharm ke itihas mean prasiddh haian.
• nalanda 7vian shati me tatha usake pashchat kee sau varshoan tak eshiya ka sarvashreshth vishvavidyalay tha. yahaan adhyayan ke lie chin ke atirikt chanpa, kanboj, java, sumatra, brahmadesh, tibbat, lanka aur eeran adi deshoan ke vidyarthi ate the aur vidyalay mean pravesh pakar apane ko dhany manate the.
• nalanda ke vidyarthiyoan ke dvara hi sari eshiya mean bharatiy sabhyata evan sanskriti ka vistrit prachar v prasar hua tha. yahaan ke vidyarthiyoan aur vidvanoan ki maang eshiya ke sabhi deshoan mean thi aur unaka sarvatradar hota tha. tibbat ke raja ke nimantran par bhadant shaantirakshit aur padmasanbhav tibbat ge the aur vahaan unhoanne sanskrit, bauddh sahity aur bharatiy sanskriti ka prachar karane mean apratim yogyata dikhaee thi.
• nalanda mean bauddh dharm ke atirikt hetuvidya, shabdavidya, chikitsa shastr, atharvaved tatha saankhy se sanbadhit vishay bhi padhae jate the. yuvanachvaang ne likha tha ki nalanda ke ek sahastr vidvan acharyoan mean se sau aise the jo sootr aur shastr janate the, paanch sau, 3 vishayoan mean parangat the aur bis, 50 vishayoan mean. keval shilabhadr hi aise the jinaki sabhi vishayoan mean saman gati thi.
• nalanda vishvavidyalay ke tin mahan pustakalay the-

1. ratnodadhi,
2. ratnasagar aur
3. ratnaranjak.

• inake bhavanoan ki ooanchaee ka varnan karate hue yuvanachvaang ne likha hai ki 'inaki satamanjili atariyoan ke shikhar badaloan se bhi adhik ooanche the aur in par pratahkal ki him jam jaya karati thi. inake jharokhoan mean se soory ka sataranga prakash andar akar vatavaran ko suandar evan banata tha. in pustakalayoan mean sahastroan hastalikhit granth the.' inamean se anekoan ki pratilipiyaan yuvanachvaang ne ki thi.
• jain granth sootrakritaang mean nalanda ke hastiyan namak suandar udyan ka varnan hai.
• 1303 ee. mean musalamanoan ke bihar aur bangal par akraman ke samay, nalada ko bhi usake prakop ka shikar banana p da. yahaan ke sabhi bhikshuoan ko akraantaoan mean maut ke ghat utar diya. musalamanoan ne nalanda ke jagat prasiddh pustakalay ko jala kar bhasmasat kar diya aur yahaan ki satamanjili, bhavy imaratoan aur suandar bhavanoan ko nasht-bhrasht karake khandahar bana diya. is prakar bharatiy vidya, sanskriti, aur sabhyata ke ghar nalanda ko jisaki suraksha ke bare mean sansar ki kathor vastavikataoan se door rahane vale yahaan ke bhikshu vidvanoan ne shayad kabhi nahian socha tha, ek hi akraman ke jhatake ne dhool mean mila diya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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