बेगम अख़्तर
begam akhtar (aangrezi: Begum Akhtar, janm: 7 aktoobar, 1914 - mrityu: 30 aktoobar, 1974) bharat ki prasiddh gayika thian jinhean kala ke kshetr mean bharat sarakar dvara san 1968 mean padm shri aur san 1975 mean padm bhooshan se sammanit kiya gaya tha. begam akhtar ko mallika-e-gazal bhi kaha jata hai.
jivan parichay
uttar pradesh ke faizabad mean 7 aktoobar 1914 mean janmi begam akhtar ka bachapan ke dinoan se hi sangit ki or roojhan tha. vah parshvagayika banana chahati thi. unake parivar vale unaki is ichchha ke sakht khilaph the lekin unake chacha ne begam akhtar ke sangit ke prati lagav ko pahachan liya aur unhean is rah par age badhane ke liye prerit kiya. begam akhtar ne faizabad mean sarangi ke ustad iman khaan aur ata mohammad khan se sangit ki praranbhik shiksha li. isake alava unhone mohammad khan, abdul vahid khan se bharatiy shastriy sangit sikha.[1]
aranbhik jivan
bachapan ke dinoan mean ustad mohammad khan aur begam akhtar ke bich aisi ghatana huee ki begam akhtar ne gana sikhane se mana kar diya. un dinoan begam akhtar sahi sur nahi laga pati thian. unake guru ne unhean isake bare mean kee bar sikhaya aur jab vah nahi sikh paee to unhean daant diya. isake bad begam akhtar rone lagi aur kaha hamase nahian banata nanaji, maian gana nahian sikhooangi. tab unake ustad ne kaha bas itane mean har man li tumane, nahian bitto aise himmat nahi harate, meri bahadur bitiya chalo ek bar phir se sur lagane mean jut jao. unaki yah bat sunakar begam akhtar ne phir se riyaj shuroo kiya aur sahi sur lagaye. tis ke dashak mean begam akhtar parasi thiyetar se ju d geean. natakoan mean kam karane ke karan unaka riyaj chhoot gaya jisase unake guru mohammad ata khan kaphi naraj huye aur kaha jab tak tum natak mean kam karana nahi chho dati maian tumhean gana nahian sikhauanga. unaki is bat par begam akhtar ne kaha ap sirph ek bar mera natak dekhane a jaean usake bad ap jo kaheange, maian karooangi. us rat mohammad ata khan begam akhtar ke natak turki hoor dekhane gaye. jab begam akhtar ne us natak ka gana 'chal ri mori naiyya' gaya to unaki aankhoan mean aansoo a gaye aur natak samapt hone ke bad begam akhtar se unhoanne kaha bitiya too sachchi adakara hai jab tak chaho natak mean kam karo.[1]
sine kairiyar ki shuruat
natakoan mean mili shoharat ke bad begam akhtar ko kalakatta ki eest iandiya kanpani mean abhinay karane ka mauka mila. bataur abhinetri begam akhtar ne 'ek din ka badashah' se apane sine kairiyar ki shurooat ki lekin is philm ki asaphalata ke karan abhinetri ke rup mean vah kuchh khas pahachan nahian bana paee. varsh 1933 mean eest iandiya ke bainar tale bani philm 'nal damayanti' ki saphalata ke bad begam akhtar bataur abhinetri apani kuchh pahachan banane mean saphal rahi. is bich begam akhtar ne amina, mumataj begam, 1934, javani ka nasha, 1935, nasib ka chakkar jaisi philmoan me apane abhinay ka jauhar dikhaya. kuchh samay ke bad vah lakhanu chali gee jahaan unaki mulakat mahan nirmata -nirdeshak mahaboob khan se huee jo begam akhtar ki pratibha se kaphi prabhavit huye aur unhean muanbee ane ka nyota diya. varsh 1942 mean mahaboob khan ki philm 'roti' mean begam akhtar ne abhinay karane ke sath hi gane bhi gaye. us philm ke lie begam akhtar ne chhah gane rikard karaye the lekin philm nirman ke dauran sangitakar anil vishvas aur mahaboob khan ke apasi anaban ke bad rikard kiye gaye tin ganoan ko philm se hata diya gaya. bad mean unake inhian ganoan ko gramophon disk ne jari kiya gaya. kuchh dinoan ke bad begam akhtar ko muanbee ki chakachauandh kuchh ajib si lagane lagi aur vah lakhanoo vapas chali geean.[1]
vivah
varsh 1945 mean begam akhtar ka nikah vakil ishtak ahamad abbasi se ho gaya. donoan ki shadi ka kissa kaphi dilachasp hai. ek karyakram ke dauran begam akhtar aur ishtak mohammad ki mulakat huee. begam akhtar ne kaha, "maian shoharat aur paise ko achchhi chij nahian manati hooan, aurat ki sabase b di kamayabi hai kisi ki achchhi bivi banana" yah sunakar abbasi sahab bole kya ap shadi ke liye apana kairiyar chho d deangi. is par unhoanne javab diya haan yadi ap mujhase shadi karate hai to maian gana bajana to kya apake liye apani jan bhi de dooan. bad mean shadi ke bad unhoanne gana bajana to door gunagunana tak chho d diya. shadi ke bad apane pati ki ijajat nahi milane par begam akhtar ne gayaki se mukh mo d liya. gayaki se beiantaha mohabbat rakhane vali begam akhtar ko jab lagabhag paanch varsh tak avaj ki duniya se rookhasat hona p da to vah isaka sadama bardasht nahian kar sakian aur hamesha bimar rahane lagi. hakim aur vaidyoan ki davaiyaan bhi unake svasthy ko nahi sudhar pa rahi thian. ek din jab begam akhtar ga rahi thian tabhi unake pati ke dost sunil bos jo lakhanoo rediyo ke steshan dayarektar the ne unhean gate dekhakar kaha, abbasi sahab yah to bahut naiansaphi hai. kam se kam apani begam ko rediyo mean to gane ka mauka dijiye. bad mean apane dost ki bat manakar abbasi sahab ne begam akhtar ko gane ka mauka diya. jab lakhanoo rediyoan steshan mean begam akhtar pahali bar gane geean to unase thik se nahian gaya gaya. agale din samachar patr mean nikala ki begam akhtar ka gana big da. begam akhtar ko yah bat nahian jami aur begam akhtar ne riyaj karana shuroo kar diya aur bad mean unaka agala karyakram achchha hua.[1]
filmoan mean vapasi
rediyo mean gana shuroo hua to sangit sammelan aur isi bich filmoan mean bhi vapasi huee. mahan sangitakar madan mohan ke kahane par begam akhtar ne 1953 me pradarshit philm 'danapani' ke git 'ai ishk mujhe aur kuchh yad nahi' aur 1954 mean pradarshit philm 'ehasan' ke git 'hamean dil mean basa bhi lo' gakar shrotaoan ko mantramugdh kiya. pachas ke dashak mean begam akhtar ne philmoan me kam karana kuchh kam kar diya. varsh 1958 mean satyajit ray dvara nirmit philm 'jalasa ghar' begam akhtar ke sine kairiyar ki aantim philm sabit huee. is philm mean unhoanne ek gayika ki bhoomika nibhakar use jivant kar diya tha. is dauran vah rangamanch se bhi ju di rahi aur abhinay karati rahi.[1]
svabhimani svabhav
begam akhtar bahut svabhimani gayika thian. ek bar kashmir mean vah karyakram karane ke liye gee thian. vahaan ke rajyapal ne unhean chay par amantrit kiya tha. jab vah vahaan pahuanchi to rajyapal ne kaha pahale ap gana sunaye usake bat maian apako chay pilata hooan. unaki is bat se begam akhtar kaphi naraj huee aur kaha apane mujhe chay par bulaya hai n ki gana sunane aur vah vahaan se chali geean. bad mean rajyapal ne unase is bat ke liye maphi bhi maangi.
samman aur puraskar
- san 1968 mean padm shri
- varsh 1972 mean sangit natak akadami puraskar
- san 1975 mean padm bhooshan
nidhan
apani jaduee avaj se shrotaoan ke diloan ke tar jhankrit karane vali yah mahan gayika 30 aktoobar 1974 ko is duniya ko alavida kah gee. apani maut se sat din pahale begam akhtar ne kaifi azami ki gazal gaee thi.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh