मलिक अम्बर

malik ambar, ek habshi gulam tha, vah taraqqi karake vazir ke pad tak pahuancha tha. usane pahali bar 1601 ee. mean nam qamaya, jab usane mugal sena ko haraya. malik ambar ek abisiniyayi tha aur usaka janm ithiyopiya mean hua tha. usake prarambhik jivan ki vishesh janakari upalabdh nahian hai. aisa anuman hai ki usake nirdhan mata-pita ne use bagadad ke gulam-bazar mean bech diya tha. bad mean use kisi vyapari ne kharid liya aur use dakkan le aya, jahaan ki samriddhi us kal mean bahut logoan ko akarshit karati thi. 1626 ee. mean usaki mrityu huee.

vyaktitv

malik ambar ahamadanagar mean bas gaya tha. chaand sultan ki mrityu ke bad vah taraqqi karake ahamadanagar ke vazir ke pad par pahuanch gaya. vahaan ka rajy prabandh anek varshoan tak usake hath mean raha. vah jitana yogy sipahasalar tha, utana hi yogy rajaneta bhi tha. usamean netritv ke sahaj gun the aur madhyayugin bharat ke sabase b de rajanitijnoan mean usaki ganana ki jati thi.

shasan vyavastha

usane ahamadanagar rajy ki uttam shasan vyavastha ki. isake alava usane rajy mean malaguzari ki vyavastha bhi b de sundar dhang se ki. sari krishi yogy bhoomi ko urvarata ke adhar par char shreniyoan mean vibhajit kar diya aur lagan sthayi roop se nishchit kar diya gaya, jo naqad liya jata tha. lagan ki vasooli rajy ke adhikari gaanv ke patel se karate the.

malik ambar ki niti

malik ambar ne murataza nizamashahi ke prabhavashali saradar changez khaan ke yahaan kafi taraqqi ki thi. jab mugaloan ne ahamadanagar par akraman kiya to malik ambar apana bhagy azamane ke lie bijapur chala gaya. lekin jaldi hi vah vapas a gaya aur chaandabibi ke virodhi habshi (abisiniyayi) dal mean sammilit ho gaya. ahamadanagar ke patan ke bad ambar ne ek nizamashahi shahajade ko dhooandh nikala aur bijapur ke shasak ki madad se use murataza nizamashah dvitiy ke nam se gaddi par baitha diya. vah svayan usaka peruba ban gaya. peshava ka pad ahamadanagar ki riyasat mean pahale se prachalit tha. maliq ambar ne kafi b di marathi sena (baragi) ikatthi kar li. marathe tez gati vale the aur dushman ki rasad katane mean kafi hoshiyar the. yah gurilla yuddh pranali dakkan ke marathoan ke lie paramparagat thi, lekin mugal isase aparichit the. marathoan ki sahayata se malik ambar ne mugaloan ko barar, ahamadanagar, aur balaghat mean apani sthiti sudridh karana kathin kar diya.

mugaloan se yuddh

mugal sena daulatabad par adhikar karana chahati thi, jo ki ahamadanagar saltanat ki rajadhani thi. 1601 ee. mean rajadhani yahian sthanantarit kar di gee thi. usi ke udyog se ahamadanagar par qabza karane ke jahaangir ke sare prayatn viphal ho ge. usane ahamadanagar ko badashah jahaangir ke panje se bachane ki ji to d koshish ki. lekin 1616 ee. mean jab bahut b di mugal sena ne ahamadanagar par chadhaee ki to malik ambar ko atm samarpan karana p da. us samay shahazada khurram mugal sena ka netritv kar raha tha.

mrityu

malik ambar ne b de samman ke sath jivan bitaya aur 1626 ee. mean bahut vriddh ho jane par usaki mrityu huee. usaki mrityu ke bad hi ahamadanagar saltanat ko mugal samrajy mean sammilit kiya ja saka.

ahamadanagar ke patan aur mugaloan dvara bahadur nizam shah ki giraphtari ke bad is bat ki poori sambhavana thi ki ahamadanagar riyasat ke tuk de ho jate aur p dosi riyasatean unhean hastagat kar letian, kintu maliq ambar ke roop mean ek yogy vyakti ke uday ki vajah se aisa nahian hua.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

(pustak 'bharatiy itihas kosh') prishth sankhya-15 aur 350