सूरत
thumb|220px|parale p aauiant, soorat soorat gujarat rajy ka prasiddh shahar hai. yah zile ka prashasanik mukhyalay bhi hai. soorat dakshin-poorvi gujarat rajy, pashchim bharat mean sthit hai. yah 'khanbhat ki kha di' par tapti nadi ke muhane par sthit hai. kaha jata hai ki 1516 ee. mean ek hindoo brahman 'gopi' ne ise basaya tha. soorat mukhyat: kap da udyog aur hire ki katiang aur p aaulishaiang adi ke karyoan ke lie prasiddh hai. yahi karan hai ki is shahar ko 'silk siti' aur 'dayamand siti' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai.
itihas
12vian se 15vian shatabdi tak soorat shahar muslim shasakoan, purtagaliyoan, mugaloan aur marathoan ke akramanoan ka shikar hua. 1514 ee. mean purtagali yatri duarate barabosa ne soorat ka varnan ek mahattvapoorn bandaragah ke roop mean kiya tha. yahaan fraansisiyoan ne apani pahali kothi 'fraikoan kairo' dvara 1668 ee. mean sthapit ki. golakunda riyasat ke sultan se adhikar patr prapt karane ke bad fraansisiyoan ne apani doosari vyaparik kothi ki sthapana 1669 ee. mean masulipattam mean ki thi. 18vian shatabdi mean dhire-dhire soorat ka patan hone laga tha. us samay aangrez aur dach, donoan ne hi soorat par niyantran ka dava kiya, lekin 1800 ee. mean aangrezoan ka hi is par poornat: adhikar ho gaya.
karobariyoan ki nagari
gujarat ki arthik rajadhani soorat pichhale kuchh saloan mean hire aur teksatail sektar mean bharat aur duniya ke any shaharoan ki tulana mean kafi age badh gee hai. in donoan karobaroan ki vajah se soorat ne sirf gujarat hi nahian, doosare rajyoan se bhi b di tadad mean logoan ko akarshit kiya hai. soorat ko qarib 400 varsh pahale se hi karobariyoan ki nagari mana jata raha hai. jari ke karobar se shuruat kar soorat ne teksatail karobar mean bhi apana nam duniya bhar mean bana liya hai. aj soorat mean qarib 7.5 lakh looms aur qarib 450 teksatail prosesiang haus haian. isake alava 70000 embr aauyadari ki yoonit haian. hire ke karobar mean soorat mean chhoti-b di qarib 90000 dayamand katiang aur p aaulishiang yoonit haian. in donoan iandastrij mean b di tadad mean logoan ko rojagar mil raha hai, jisamean soorat ke bahar se akar base logoan ki sankhya adhik hai. aj duniya bhar ke p aaulish kiye ge hire mean 80 phisadi soorat mean taiyar hote haian. dayamand aur teksatail iandastrij ke alava soorat ke hajira sthit iandastriyal eriya mean diggaj kanpaniyaan, jaise- 'oenajisi', 'rilayans iandastrij', 'essar' aur 'shel' bhi haian. is vajah se yahaan ke karobariyoan ki ek b di maang hai- havaee kanektiviti badhane ki. doosari suvidhaoan ki bat karean to soorat desh ke sabase saph-suthare shaharoan mean ek hai. muanbee-ahamadabad k aauridor ka aham hissa soorat duniya ke sabase tezise badhane vale shaharoan mean chauthe nanbar par hai.[1]
hira udyog
soorat ka hira karobar mashahoor to hai hi, ab ye uchchastariy vyavasthaoan sahit haeetek bhi hota ja raha hai. mazadooroan ki kami se nipatane ke lie yahaan ke hira karobariyoan ne adhunik mashinean lagava di haian. yahi nahian, soorat ke najadiki gaanv ke logoan ko hire ki tarashane v usaki p aaulishiang ki treniang bhi de rahe haian.[[chitr:Diamond.jpg|thumb|220px|left|hira]] soorat mean hire ka karobar shuroo hue qarib 50 varsh hi hue haian, lekin aj ye shahar hire ko tarashane aur p aaulishiang mean duniya mean avval ban chuka hai. duniya bhar mean pahane jane vale har 100 hiroan mean se 80 ki katiang aur p aaulishiang soorat mean hoti hai. hire ki qarib ek lakh chhoti yoonit soorat mean haian, jabaki aisi qarib 300 b di yoonit haian, jo eksaport bhi karati haian. apane karobar ko aur badhava dene ke lie soorat ke hira karobari adhunik takanik bhi apana rahe haian. soorat ka hira udyog ekadam uchchastar ka ho gaya hai. jis hire ki katiang pahale hath se hoti thi, ab vahi kary lejar mashin se ho raha hai.
soorat ke udyogakar chahate haian ki unake karmachari bhi haeetek hoan, isake lie unhoanne gujarat ki sarakar ko anurodh kiya hai ki vah hire ki katiang, p aaulishiang aur marketiang ke diploma kors shuroo kare. soorat ke hira karobariyoan ne soorat ke as-pas ke 50 kilomitar ilake mean base gaanv ke logoan ko treniang dene ka kam shuroo kar diya hai. isaki vajah ye bhi hai ki keandr sarakar ki 'narega yojana' ki vajah se inhean hire ki katiang-p aaulishiang ka kam karane vale karigaroan ki kami bhi ek varsh tak jhelani p di thi. soorat ke hira udyog mean aj is udyog ke jarie das lakh logoan ko rojagar mil raha hai. yahaan ka hira duniya bhar ke deshoan mean niryat kiya jata hai. varsh 2010-2011 mean bharat se 1,28,000 karo d rupaye ke p aaulishd hire niryat kie ge the, jabaki 2011-2012 mean ye niryat qarib 1,11,000 karo d rupaye ka raha tha. isaka adhikaansh hissa soorat ka hi hai, aur isi vajah se 'soorat dayamand siti' kahalane laga hai.[2]
hajira audyogik kshetr
thumb|250px|shayar h aaul, soorat thumb|250px|shri ram chauk, soorat soorat ko 'fyoochar siti' banane mean yahaan ki dayamand aur teksatail iandastrij ke alava ek aur chij ne aham bhoomika nibhaee hai, jo hai- 'hajira audyogik kshetr'. soorat se qarib 25 kilomitar door hajira ek aham bandaragah bhi hai aur is ilake mean desh ki kee b di kanpaniyoan ke plaant haian. aj yah mana jata hai ki ane vale dinoan mean hajira aur tezise vikasit hone ja raha hai. desh ke b de bandaragahoan mean ek hajira soorat metrop aaulitan rijan ki sabase b di khoobi hai. soorat se 25 kilomitar ki doori par samudr kinare base hajira mean bharat ki kee b di aur nami kanpaniyaan haian, jinamean 'rilayans iandastrij', 'eleandati', 'oenajisi', 'gel', 'adani', 'essar grup', 'kribhako', 'shel' aur 'jiesapisi' shamil haian. pichhale 25 varshoan mean is ilake ne din-dooni-rat chauguni taraqqi ki hai. hajira bandaragah najadik hone ka b da phayada soorat ko mila hai, kyoanki isi vajah se diggaj kanpaniyoan ne apane plaant yahaan lagae haian.
in kanpaniyoan mean kam karane vale karmachariyoan ki sankhya 2 lakh se bhi adhik hai aur b di sankhya mean ye karmachari apane parivar ke sath hajira mean hi base haian. is vajah se ab soorat aur hajira ke sampark ko behatar karane ki maang ho rahi hai. hajira ka ek aur phayada soorat ko mil raha hai, skil devalapameant ke taur par, kyoanki yahaan ke b de udyogapati soorat ke dayamand aur teksatail ke karigaroan ko prodakt kvaliti behatar karane ki treniang dete haian. hajira ko prastavit dilli-muanbee ke dediketed rel phret k aauridor se jo dane ka prastav hai. yahi nahian, dilli-muanbee iandastriyal k aauridor ke tahat hajira iandastriyal eriya ke b de paimane par vikas ki bhi yojana hai.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
yatayat aur parivahan
poore bharat mean aj apani ek khas pahachan bana chuka soorat shahar s dakamarg, relamarg aur havaee margoan se poori tarah ju da hua hai. yahaan pahuanchana ab adhik kathin kary nahian hai. is shahar mean bhi yatayat ke sabhi sadhan upalabdh haian, jaise- bas, aauto, taiksi adi.
krishi aur khanij
soorat ke as-pas ke ilake mean krishi hoti hai. kapas, bajara, dalahan aur chaval yahaan ki mukhy paidavar haian. vastrodyog soorat shahar mean hi keandrit hai. 1990 mean ganna, aangoor aur kele jaise nakadi fasaloan ki krishi ki shuruat yahaan ki gee thi. zile mean ausat varshik varsha 1,071 mimi hai.
udyog aur vyapar
purtagaliyoan dvara varsh 1512 evan 1530 ee. soorat ko jala die jane ke bad yah ek b da vikray keandr bana, jahaan se kap de aur sone ka niryat hota tha. vastrodyog aur jahaz nirman yahaan ke mukhy udyog the. aangrezoan ne 1612 mean pahali bar apani vyaparik chauki yahian par sthapit ki thi. yahaan ke sooti, reshami, kimakhab (jaridar kap da) ke vastr tatha sone v chaandi ki vastuean prasiddh haian. soorat ke hire par p aaulish ke udyog ne pravasi mazadooroan koan apani aur b di sankhya mean akarshit kiya hai.
janasankhya
19vian shatabdi ke madhy mean soorat ek gatihin nagar tha, jisaki abadi 80,000 thi, lekin bharatiy relave ki shuruat ke sath soorat phir se samriddh hone laga. 2001 ki janaganana ke anusar nagar ki janasankhya 24,33,787 hai. soorat zile ki kul janasankhya 49,96,391 hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ karobariyoan ki nagari, soorat (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 14 mee, 2013.
- ↑ dayamand siti soorat hai phyoochar siti (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 14 mee, 2013.
sanbandhit lekh