मानव पर्यावरण स्टॉकहोम सम्मेलन

manav paryavaran par st aaukahom sammelan 1972 mean sanyukt rashtr sangh ke svidan ke st aaukahom shahar mean 5 joon, 1972 se praranbh hokar 16 joon, 1972 ko samapt hua tha.

uddeshy

is sammelan ka pramukh uddeshy aantarashtriy star par manaviy paryavaran ke sanrakshan tatha sudhar ki vishvavyapi samasya ka nidan karana tha. paryavaran ke sanrakshan ke sanbandh mean aantarrashtriy star ka yah pahala prayas tha. is sammelan mean 119 deshoan ne pahali bar 'ek hi prithvi' ka siddhaant svikar kiya. isi sammelan mean sanyukt rashtr paryavaran karyakram (UNEP) ka janm hua. sammelan mean manaviy paryavaran ka sanrakshan karane tatha usamean sudhar karane ke lie rajyoan tatha aantarashtriy sansthaoan ko disha-nirdesh diye gaye. pratyek varsh 5 joon ko vishv paryavaran divas manane ki ghoshana isi sammelan mean ki gee.

st aaukahom ghoshanapatr 1972

st aaukahom sammelan mean parit sanvidhan st aaukahom ghoshanapatr 1972 ke nam se prasiddh hai. is ghoshana patr mean 26 siddhaant svikar kiye gaye. unamean se kuchh mahattvapoorn siddhant nimn haian.

1. manaviy paryavaran ki ghoshana
2. manaviy paryavaran ke lie kary yojana
3. vishv paryavaran divas ghoshit kiye jane ke lie prastav
4. nabhikiy shastroan ke parikshan par prastav
5. doosara sanyukt rashtr manaviy paryavaran sammelan bulane ke lie sipharish

manaviy paryavaran par ghoshana

manaviy paryavaran par ghoshana ko do bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai -

pratham bhag

ghoshana ka pratham bhag paryavaran ke sambandh mean manushy ke bare mean sat satyoan ka ullekh karata hai. in satyoan mean pramukh haian - manushy apane paryavaran ka nirmata tatha dhalane vala donoan svayan hai, jo use sharirik roop se jivit rakhata hai evan use bauddhik, naitik, samajik tatha adhyatmik vikas ka avasar upalabdh karata hai. manaviy paryavaran ka sanrakshan evan vikas ek ganbhir mamala hai, jisaka prabhav janamanas ki unnati evan sampoorn vishv ke arthik vikas par p data hai tatha yah sare vishv ki janata ki tatkalin akaanksha evan sabhi sarakaroan ka kartavy haian.

dvitiy bhag

ghoshana ke doosare bhag mean 26 siddhantoan ko pratipadit kiya gaya hai, jisamean se pahala, doosara, satavaan, athavaan, ikkisavaan evan chhabbisavaan siddhant mahattvapoorn haian.

siddhant 1

is siddhant ke tahat yah upalabdh hai ki manushy ka achchhe paryavaran mean jivan ki samuchit sthiti ka maulik adhikar prapt hai, jo use gauravamayi evan samriddh jivan ki anumati deta hai aur vartaman tatha bhavi pidhi ke lie paryavaran ki raksha karane evan usamean sudhar karane ka uttaradayitv adhiropit karata hai.

siddhant 2

isamean yah upabandh kiya gaya hai ki prithvi ke sathi sanghatak, jinamean vayu, jal, bhoomi, vanaspati aur visheshataya paristhitik tantr shamil haian, ko vartaman tatha bhavi pidhiyoan ke lie samuchit yojana evan prabandh ke madhyam se sanrakshit kiya jana chahie.

siddhant 7

yah siddhant yah upabandh karata hai ki rajy un padarthoan dvara samudr ke pradooshan ko rokane ke lie sabhi sambhav qadam uthayeangean, jo manav svasthy ke prati khatara paida karane, jivit sansadhanoan evan samudrik jivan ko kshatikarit karane ya samudr ke vaidh prayogoan mean hastakshep karane ke lie uttaradayi haian.

siddhant 8

yah siddhant yah upabandh karata hai ki manushy ke lie anukool jivan ke sunishchayan ke lie tatha uchit paryavaran banane ke lie arthik tatha samajik vikas avashyak hai tatha prithvi par aisi dashaean utpann karana avashyak hai jo jivan ke star ka sudhar karane ke lie zaroori hai.

siddhant 21

yah siddhant yah upabandh kiya gaya hai ki rajyo ko apani paryavaraniy niti banane ka prabhutv sampann adhikar hai aur yah sunishchit karane ka un par dayitv hai ki unaki adhikarita ke adhin kary any rajyoan ke paryavaran ko ya unaki rashtriy adhikarita ki sima ke bahar ke kshetroan ko paryavaraniy kshati nahian pahuanchayegean.

siddhant 22

is siddhant mean upabandh kiya gaya hai ki rajy pradooshan tatha any paryavaran sambandhi kshati jo rajyoan dvara apani adhikarita ke bahar kiya jata hai, ke pi ditoan ke lie dayitv tatha pratikar ke sambandh mean antarrashtriy vidhi ke vikas ke lie sahayog kareange.

siddhant 26

antim siddhant yah upabandh karata hai ki manushy tatha usake paryavaran ko nabhikiy shastroan tatha any sabhi prakar ke jan vinash ke sadhanoan ke prabhavoan se bachakar rakha jayean.

manaviy paryavaran par karyayojana

is kary yojana ko tin bhagoan mean baanta gaya hai-

vishv paryavaran nirdharan program

ise bhoomi nirikshan program ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. is karyakram ka uddeshy antarrashtriy mahatv ki samasyaoan ko jana hai jisase antarrashtriy paryavaraniy samasyaoan ke viruddh chetavani di ja sake.

paryavaran prabandh ke kary

isaka tatpary un kriya-kalapoan ko vyavahar mean lagoo karana hai jo paryavaran ke sambandh mean apekshit evan avashyak hai.

antarrashtriy sahayata upay

nirdharan tatha prabandh ke rashtriy athava antarrashtriy karyoan ko sahayata pahuanchane vale antarrashtriy upay karana. udaharanarth - shiksha, prashikshan, sarvajanik soochana tatha vitt ke upay karana.

vishv paryavaran divas ghoshit karane ke lie prastav

sammelan dvara sarvasammati se yah prastav parit kiya gaya ki pratyek varsh 5 joon ko vishv paryavaran divas manaya jay. parinamasvaroop pratyek varsh 5 joon ko vishv paryavaran divas manaya jata hai.

sansthagat tatha vittiy prabandhan ka prastav

paryavaran sanrakshan ke lie sammelan dvara nimn sansthayean sthapit karane ki sanstuti ki gayi-

1. paryavaran karyakram ke lie shasi parishad - sankshep mean ise yoo.en.ee.pi. kaha jata hai.
2. paryavaran sachivalay
3. paryavaran kosh
4. paryavaran samanvay parishad

nabhikiy shastroan ke parikshan par prastav

sammelan mean nabhikiy shastroan ke parikshan ki katu ninda ki gayi. prastav mean kaha gaya ki aise parikshanoan se paryavaran pradooshit hota hai, isalie rajyoan se yah nivedan kiya jata hai ki ve nabhikiy sh़stroan ka parikshan karane se apane ko alag rakhean. st aaukahom sammelan ke bad bharat mean 'projekt taigar' chalane ke nirnay lie gaye tatha vayu pradooshan sean sanbandhit qanoon banaye gaye.

paryavaran karyakram shasi parishad ka yogadan

parishad ka pahala sammelan joon 1973 mean jeneva mean hua. mee, 1975 mean isaka tisara sammelan nairobi (kenya) mean hua. parishad ka chautha sammelan 30 march 1976 mean shuru hua tha tatha 14 aprail, 1976 ko samapt hua. parishad ki kuchh any upalabdhiyaan nimnalikhit haian -

haivitat sammelan 1976

is sammelan mean ghoshana ki gee ki rashtr ko jivanamandal aur mahasagaroan ko pradooshan se bachana chahie tatha sabhi paryavaraniy sansadhanoan ko anuchit shoshan samapt karane ke lie sabhi rajyoan ko milakar prayas karana chahie.

registan ko door karane ke sammelan, 1977

parishad dvara registan ko door karane ke lie ek sammelan nairobi mean bulaya gaya, jo 29 agast, 1977 ko arambh hua tatha 9 sitambar 1977 ko samapt hua. sammelan mean ek aisi kary yojana svikar ki gayi jisake tahat 26 sipharishean svikar ki gee.

vyapak madhyam avadhi paryavaran karyakram pranali

1982 mean is pranali ka udbhav hua.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh