सांख्य दर्शन और उपनिषद
dva suparna sayuja sakhaya samanan vrikshan parishasvajate.
tayorany: pippalan svadvattyanashnannanyo abhichakashiti॥
samane vrikshe purushoan nimagnoanashaya shochati muhyaman:.
jushtan yada pashyatyanyamishamasy mahimanamiti vitashok:॥
yada pashy: pashyate rukmavarnan kartaramishan purushan brahmayonimh.
tada vidvanpunyapape vidhooy niranjan: paraman samyamupaiti॥ - mundakopanishad 3/1/1-3
- do sundar varn vale pakshi ek hi vriksh par sakha-bhav se sada sath-sath rahate haian. unamean se ek to phal bhog karata hai aur doosara bhog n karate hue dekhata rahata hai. ek hi vriksh par rahane par bhi vriksh par 'eeshatv' n hone se mohit hokar chintit rahata hai. vah jis samay apane se bhinn eeshvar aur usaki mahimavan shokarahit pakshi dekhata hai, jab jagatkarta eeshvar purush ko dekhata hai tab vah vidvan puny-pap tyag kar usake saman shuddh aur param samy ko prapt ho jata hai.
- alankarik kavyamay roop se mahabharat mean prastut traitavadi saankhy ka is mantr mean spasht niroopan dikhata hai. vriksh(prakriti) par baithe do pakshi haian. ek vriksh ke phaloan ka bhog kar raha hai. (jivatma) doosara shok rahit bhav se dekh raha hai paramatma. is tarah prakriti aur paramatma-jivatma niroopan hi vastav mean kapil saankhy ka adhar bana. is trait ko shvetashvatar upanishad mean is prakar prastut kiya gaya- 'yahaan do chetan tattvoan ka ullekh hai ek anish aur bhokta hai aur doosara vishv ka eesh, bharta hai. ek prakriti hai jo jivatma ke bhog ke lie niyukt hai. is tarah tin aj avinashi tattv haian, shashvat tattv (brahm) hai inhean janakar (vyaktavyaktajnavijnanath) mukti prapt hoti hai. shvetashvatar mean is prasang mean ek any roop se saankhy sammat traitavad ka ullekh hai-
ajamekaan lohitashuklkrishnaaan vahvi: praja srijamanaan saroopa:.
ajo hi eko jushamanoanushete jahatyenaan bhuktabhogamajoany:॥[1]
yahaan lohit shukl krishna varn kramash: rajas, sattv tatha tamas-trigun ke lie prayukt hai. in tin gunoan se yukt ek aja (ajanma) tattv hai. isaka bhog karata hua ek aj tattv hai tatha bhog rahit ek aur aj tattv (paramatma) hai. is prakar yah upanishadavaky trigunatmak prasavadharmi (srijan karane vali) prakriti ka ullekh bhi karati hai. paramatma ko mayavi kahakar prakriti ko hi maya kaha gaya hai.[2] is prasang mean pun: mayavi aur maya se bandhe hue any tattv jivatma ka ullekh bhi hai.[3]
- saankhyasammat tattvoan ka saankhy parampara ki padavali mean hi 'kathopatishad' is prakar varnan karati hai.[4]
indriyemy: paran mano manas: sattvamuttamamh.
sattvadadhimahanatma mahatoavyaktamuttamamh.
avyaktattu par: purusho vyapakoaliang ev ch॥
yan jnatva muchyate janturamritattvan ch gachchhati. (kathopanishad- 2.3.7-8)
- in samast indriyoan se yukt atma-jivatma-ko bhokta kaha gaya hai. saankhy darshan mean to purush ke astitv hetu di gee yuktiyoan mean bhoktritv ko purush ka lakshan bhi mana gaya hai. in shabdoan ke prayog se tatha ukt varnan se in upanishadoan par saankhyadarshan ke prabhav ka pata chalata hai.
- chhandogyopanishad mean srishti rachana ke sandarbh mean kaha gaya hai ki pahale sat hi tha. usane eekshan kiya- 'maian bahut ho jaooan' y usane tez ka srijan kiya. isi tarah tez se aph tatha aph se ann ke srijan ka varnan hai. is varnan se yah bat spasht ho jati hai ki sath tez ya aph nahian ho gaya varanh sath srijan kiya. at: use hi upadan man lene ka koee thos adhar nahian hai. vastav mean sath mean avyakt bhav se sthit tez aph ann ka srijan kiya- aisa bhav hai. tez aph, ann kramash: saankhyokt sattv, rajas v tamas hi hai. is prasang mean bataya gaya tejas agniroop rakt varn ka, aph shukl varn ka tatha ann krishna varn ka hai. pratyek padarth mean ye tinoan hi saty haian. shesh vacharammanan vikar matr haian. in tin ka srijan karake vah jivatma se usamean pravisht hua. pravesh se chetan-achetan dvait ki saankhyasammat manyata ki sthapana hi hoti hai.
- achary udayavir shastri ne is prasang ko 'anen tatha anupraveshy' shabdoan ke adhar par paramatma tatha jivatma do chetan tattvoan ka arth grahan kiya.[5] isi prasang mean jis 'trivrit' ki charcha ki gee hai vah trigun ki paraspar kriya ke roop mean hi samajhi ja sakati hai.
- maitryupanishad mean to saankhy tattvoan ka unhian shabdoan mean ullekh hai. purushashcheta pradhananant:sth: s ev bhokta prakritamannan bhunakta iti... prakritamann trigunabhed parinamatmanmahadadyan visheshantan liangamh, adi upanishadoan mean saankhy siddhantoan ka milana is bat ka soochak hai ki saankhy par upanishat prabhav hai aur saankhy shastr ka upanishadoan par prabhav hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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