आपदा

apada ka matalab hai, kisi bhi ilake mean prakritik ya manavajanit karanoan se ya durghatana ya upeksha ki vajah se aee aisi koee mahavipatti, anisht, tabahi adi jisase mananav jivan ki bhari hani ya sanpatti ko bhari nukasan aur vinash ya paryavaran ko bhari kshati pahuanche aur yah itane b de paimane par ho ki jisase sthaniy samuday ke lie nipatana sanbhav n ho.

prakritik aur manav janit apada

bhookanp, badh, bhooskhalan, chakravat, sunami, shahari ilakoan mean badh, loo adi ko 'prakritik apada' mana jata hai jabaki nyookliyar, bayol aaujikal aur kemikal apadaoan ko 'manav janit apada' mana jata hai.

'rashtriy apada' kya hai?

bharat mean ek prakritik apada ko ‘rashtriy apada’ ghoshit karane ke liye koee pravadhan ya kanoon upalabdh nahian hai. rajy apada pratikriya nidhi (esadiareph)/rashtriy apada pratikriya nidhi (enadiareph) ke maujooda disha-nirdesh bhi kisi apada ko 'rashtriy apada' ke roop mean ghoshit karane par vichar nahian karate haian.

prishthabhoomi

• varsh 2001 mean emoes (krishi) shripad nayak ne sansad ko bataya tha ki sarakar ne varsh 2001 ke gujarat bhookanp aur odisha mean varsh 1999 ke bhishan chakravat ko "abhootapoorv ganbhirata ki apada" ke roop mean mana tha.
• varsh 2001 mean tatkalin pradhanamantri ki adhyakshata mean apada prabandhan par rashtriy samiti ke liye rashtriy apada ko paribhashit karane vale manakoan ko dekhana anivary kiya gaya tha. halaanki, samiti ne koee nishchit manadand ka sujhav nahian diya tha.
• rajyoan ki prakritik apadaoan yatha- 2014 mean uttarakhand mean aee badh, 2014 mean aandhr pradesh mean chakravat hudahud aur 2015 mean asam mean aee badh ko ‘rashtriy apada’ ghoshit karane ki maang ki gee thi.

sarakar dvara vargikaran

10vean vitt ayog (1995-2000) ne ek prastav ki jaanch ke adhar par paya gaya ki ek apada ki "durlabh ganbhirata ko rashtriy apada" tab kaha jata hai, jab yah rajy ki ek-tihaee abadi ko prabhavit karati hai. painal ne "durlabh ganbhirata ki apada" ko paribhashit nahian kiya tha, kiantu yah kaha ki durlabh ganbhirata ki apada ko kes-too-kes adhar par any batoan ke sath-sath apada ki tivrata aur pariman ko bhi dhyan mean rakhana hoga. isamean samasya se nipatane ke liye rajy ki kshamata, sahayata aur rahat pradan karane ki yojanaoan ke bhitar vikalp aur lachilepan ki upalabdhata shamil hai. gauratalab hai ki uttarakhand aur chakravat hudahud phlaish badh ko bad mean "ganbhir prakriti" ki apadaoan ke roop mean vargikrit kiya gaya.

apada ghoshana ke labh

• jab ek apada "durlabh ganbhirata"/"ganbhir prakriti" ke roop mean ghoshit ki jati hai, to rajy sarakar ko samarthan rashtriy star par pradan kiya jata hai. isake atirikt keandr enadiareph ki sahayata bhi pradan kar sakata hai.
• apada rahat nidhi (siareph) ko sthapit kiya ja sakata hai, yah kosh keandr aur rajy ke bich 3:1 ke sajha yogadan par adharit hota hai.
• isake alava siareph mean sansadhan aparyapt hone ki avastha mean rashtriy apada akasmik nidhi (enasisieph) se atirikt sahayata par bhi vichar kiya jata hai, jo keandr dvara 100% vittaposhit hoti hai.

phandiang ka nirnay

apada prabandhan ki rashtriy niti-2009 ke anusar, kaibinet sachiv ki adhyakshata mean gathit rashtriy sankat prabandhan samiti ka sanbandh ganbhir aur rashtriy star par vidhvansak pramukh sankatoan se hai. ganbhir prakriti ki apadaoan ke liye prabhavit rajyoan ke nukasan aur rahat sahayata ke akalan ke liye aantar-mantralayi keandriy timoan ko niyukt kiya jata hai. keandriy grih sachiv ki adhyakshata mean ek aantar-mantralayi samooh moolyaankan ka adhyayan karata hai aur enadiareph/rashtriy apada akasmik nidhi (enasisieph) se sahayata ki matra ke liye bhi sipharish karata hai. isake adhar par ek uchch stariy samiti jisamean vitt mantri aur adhyaksh, grih mantri, krishi mantri tatha yojana ayog ke upadhyaksh shamil haian, jo keandriy sahayata ko manzoori dete haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh