एक्वाइनस संत तोमस
ekvainas, sant tomas ka janm rokaseka mean sanh 1225 mean hua tha. inake pita nepals rajy mean ekvainoan ke kauant the aur maan thiyodora sisali ke purane narasan shasakoan ke vansh ki thian. sanh 1253 mean tomas ne apane parivar ki ichchha ke viruddh sant dominik math mean pravesh kiya. sanh 1244 mean ve dominiki vyavastha ke adhyaksh johanas tyootonikas ke sath albartas magnas ke nirikshan mean shiksha prapt karane kolon ge. sanh 1252 mean unhoanne peris se digri prapt ki, phir vah varsho adhyapan kary karate rahe. sanh 1273 mean liyoan ki kauansil mean sammilit hone ke lie jate samay marg mean unhean asvasthata ke karan fosanova ke ek math mean rukana p da jahaan 7 march, sanh 1274 ko unaka dehaant ho gaya. dehaant ke lagabhag ek shatabdi bad tak dominiki aur sistarki mathoan mean tomas ke avashesh prapt karane ke lie dvandv chalata raha. aantat: nirnay dominiki math ke paksh mean hua. sanh 1567 mean pancham piyas ne tomas ko pancham charch ka 'daktar' ghoshit kiya.
tomas dvara likhit granthoan mean mukhy haian, samma thiyolajika, samma koantra jeantils tatha arastoo ke 'paanlitiks' par tippani.
tomas ke darshan ki mukhy visheshata samanjasy hai. eeshvar aur prakriti ke kshetr itane vyapak haian ki ve apane mean asim astitv ki anaginat vibhinnataean samet lete haian. samast jnan ek ikaee hai jisake nimnatam star par vishisht vishayoan se sanbandhit vibhinn vijnan haian, unake oopar bauddhik darshan hai jo sarvabhaum siddhaant pratipadit karata hai. buddhi se oopar eesaee dharmashastr hai jo jnan ki paripoornata hote hue bhi shrut (ilaham) par ashrit hai. shrut yadyapi buddhi se pare haian, tathapi vah buddhivirodhi nahian; shraddha buddhi ki paripoornata hai.
srishti ki vyavastha mean samast brahmaand ek ikaee hai jisake uchchatam star par eeshvar tatha nimnatam par jiv hai. pratyek jiv apane svabhav ki prerana se apana hit khojata hai. uchchatar staravala nimn staravaloan par shasan karata hai. prakriti ki bhaanti manav samaj bhi uddeshyoan aur prayojanoan ki vyavastha hai jisamean uchchastar nimnatar ko nirdeshit karata hai. samaj sadguni jivan ki prapti ke lie sevaoan ka adan pradan hai jisamean pratyek apana upayukt kary karata hai. samany hit ki maang hai ki samaj mean usi prakar ek shasak varg ho jis prakar prakriti mean. parantu manushy sharir aur atma donoan hone ke karan duhari vyavastha se sanbaddh hai, prakritik tatha daivi. prakritik vyavastha ka sadasy hone ke nate vah laukik sanprabhu ke adhin hai jo use jivan ke uddeshyoan ki poorti ke lie avashyak sadhan pradan karata hai, daivi vyavastha ka sadasy hone ke karan vah pop ke adhin hai kyoanki paramarthik uddeshyoan ki poorti ke lie avashyak sadhan pop ke niyantran mean haian. samaj mean manushy ka lakshy hai sadguni jivan, parantu sadguni jivan paramarthik lakshy se nirdharit hota hai, isalie samaj ka uddeshy manushy ko keval sadguni jivan pradan karana hi nahian varanh use bhagavathkripa se bhi labhanvit karana hai. is uddeshy ki poorti daivi shasanavyavastha karati hai jisaka adhyaksh pop hai. doosara uddeshy pahale se adhik mahatvapoorn hone ke karan shasak pop ki satta svikar kare. parantu yah tark shasak ke karttavyoan ka nishedh nahian karata. shasak ka kartavy hai ki vah shaanti aur suvyavastha dvara manaviy sukh ki nianv dale aur sadguni jivan ki prapti mean upasthit honevali sanbhavit badhaoan ko door kare. charch rajyavirodhi nahian, usaki paripoornata hai.
shasan ke is naitik uddeshy ke karan shasan satta niyantrit hai. isaka prayog vidhananusar ho. jnan aur srishti ke staroan ke anukool vidhan ke char star haian: shashvat, prakritik, daivi, manaviy. shashvat niyam eeshvar ki buddhi hai jisase srishti sanchalit hoti hai. manaviy buddhi ise poornaroopen nahian jan sakati. phir bhi, apani prakritik kshamata ke anukool manushy eeshvariy jnan mean bhag leta hai. prakritik vidhan jivoan mean daivi buddhi ka pratibianb hai tatha achchhaee ki khoj aur buraee se bachav ki svabhavik prerana mean parilakshit hota hai. daivi vidhan shrut (ilahami) hai jise manushy eeshvar ki kripa se janata hai. manaviy vidhan manushy ke jivan ko vyavasthit karanevali prakritik vidhan ki vah vyutpatti hai jo prakritik vidhan ko manaviy jivan ki vishisht paristhitiyoan mean lagoo karati hai.[1]
sarakar ka adarsh roop aisa rajatantr hai jisamean kulinatantr tatha janatantr ke vishisht lakshanoan ka sammishran ho. log shasan ke pratiajnakari hoan, parantu atyachari shasan ka virodh karane ka adhikar bhi unhean hai. dasapratha yadyapi prakritik nahian varanh manaviy buddhi dvara jivan ki suvidhaoan ke lie sansthapit ki gee hai, phir bhi vah prakritik vidhan ke viruddh nahian hai. parantu sabhi prakriti se saman haian, isalie svami das ke prakritik adhikar nahian chhin sakata. sanpatti ka svamittv niji aur upabhog samoohik ho. daridrata avaanchhaniy hai kyoanki vah aparadhoan ke lie avasar pradan karati hai. vaiyaktik aur samajik hit ke lie aisi shiksha anivary hai jisake dvara manushy ki sabhi pravrittiyoan ka santulit vikas ho sake. santatinigrah prakritiviruddh hai, isalie anaitik hai. vivahavichchhed anuchit hai, kyoanki eesa ne isaka nishedh kiya hai.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 215 |
- ↑ san.gran.- karlail, ar. dablyoo aur karlail, e.je. : e histri aauv d medival politikal thiyari in d vest, landan, 1924; grebaman, martin (anu.bi. maikel): tamas ekvainas- hizap rsanailiti aiand th aaut, nyooyark, 1928; jilsaan, ee. (anu.el.ke.shook): d krishchiyan kilasaphi aauv seant tamas ekvainas, landan, 1957; jilsaan, ee. : rijan aiand revilishan in d midil ejez, landan, 1954; maikhilaven, si. ech. : d groth aauv politikal that in d vest, landan, 1951; marfi, ee. eph. : seant tamasaz politikal daktrin aiand dimakresi, vashiangatan, 1921; sebain, ji.ech. : e histri aauv politikal thiyari, landan, 1951; harnashaan, eph.je.si. (san.) : d soshal aiand politikal aidiyaz aauv sam gret medival thiankars, landan, 1923