बर्नियर
[[Category:]]barniyar / phraansvaan barniyar ek fraansisi vidvanh d aauktar the. satrahavian sadi mean phraans se bharat ae freansis barniyar videshi yatri the. us samay bharat par mugaloan ka shasan tha. barniyar ke agaman ke samay mugal badashah shahajahaan apane jivan ke antim charan mean the aur unake charoan putr bhavi badashah hone ke mansoobe baandhane aur usake lie udyog karane mean jute hue the. barniyar ne mugal rajy mean ath varshoan tak naukari ki. us samay ke yuddh ki kee pradhan ghatanaean barniyar ne svayan dekhi thian.
sankshipt parichay
- 'barniyar ki bharat yatra' pustak mean barniyar dvara likhit yatra ka vrittaant us kal ke bharat ki chhavi hamare samaksh ujagar karata hai.
- bharat mean vah 1656 ee. se 1668 ee. tak rahe, barniyar ne sare desh ka bhraman kiya aur shahajahaan tatha aurangazeb ke madhyavarti shasanakaloan mean usane bharat mean jo kuchh dekha usaka rochak vivaran prastut kiya hai.
- usane mugal darabar ke pramukh darabari danishamand ki naukari kar li thi.
- vah dilli mean us samay maujood tha, jab dara shikoh ko rajadhani ki s dakoan par ghumaya ja raha tha aur aurangazeb ke sainik use ghasit rahe the.
- shahajada dara ke pichhe-pichhe bhari bhi d chal rahi thi, jo ki usake durbhagy par vilap kar rahi thi. phir bhi bhi d mean se kisi vyakti ko apani talavar nikalakar dara ko chhu dane ka sahas nahian hua.
- is prakar barniyar ne videshi hone par bhi sattadhariyoan ke sammukh bharatiy janata ki nishkriyata tatha asahayavastha ko lakshit kar liya tha.
- barniyar ne shahajahaan tatha aurangazeb ke rekhachitr bhi prastut kie haian.
- bangal ki samriddhi se vah bahut prabhavit hua tha, parantu janasadharan ki nirdhanata ne use atyadhik dravit bhi kiya tha.
- darabar ki shan-shauqat tatha vishal sena ka kharch nikalane ke lie praja par karoan ka bhari bojh lad diya jata tha.
- barniyar ke anusar is vishal sena ka upayog janata ko dabaye rakhane ke lie kiya jata tha.
chikitsak, darshanik evan itihasakar
barniyar ek chikitsak, rajanitijn, darshanik tatha itihasakar tha. kee aur logoan ki tarah vah bhi mugal samrajy mean avasaroan ki talash mean yahaan aya tha. varsh 1668 tak bharat mean raha aur mugal darabar se najadiki roop se ju da raha pahale samrat shahajahaan ke jyeshth putr dara shikoh ke chikitsak ke roop mean aur bad mean ek arminiyaee amir danishamand khana ke sath ek buddhijivi tatha vaijnanik ke roop mean. bad mean usi dara shikoh ke katl aur sarvajanik numaish ka jikr bhi usane byorevar kiya hai. barniyar ne desh ke kee bhagoan ki yatra ki aur jo dekha usake vishay mean vivaran likhe. lagabhag pratyek drishtaant mean barniyar ne bharat ki sthiti ko yoorop mean hue vikas ki tulana mean dayaniy bataya. usaka akalan hamesha satik nahian tha phir bhi usake vrittaant lokapriy siddh hue. barniyar ke vritaant phraans mean 1670-1671 ee. mean prakashit hue the aur 5 varshoan ke bhitar hi aangrezi, dach, jarman tatha 48 bhashaoan mean anuvad ho gaya tha. barniyar ke vivaranoan ne pashchimi itihasakaroan ko bahut prabhavit kiya. barniyar mugalakalin shaharoan ko ‘shivir nagar’ kahata hai jisase usaka ashay un najaroan se tha jo apane astitv aur bane rahane ke lie rajakiy shivir par nirbhar the. usaka vishvas tha ki yah rajakiy darabar ke agaman ke sath astitv mean ate the aur isake kahian aur chale jane ke bad tezise patanonmukh ho jate the.
vastav mean tab sabhi prakar ke nagar astitv mean the- utpadan keandr, vyaparik nagar, bandaragah nagar, dharmik keandr, tirth sthan adi. vyapari apani jati tatha vyavasayik sansthaoan ke madhyam se sangathit rahate the. pashchimi bharat mean aise samooh ko mahajan kaha jata tha aur unake mukhiya ko seth. ahamadabad jaise shahari keandroan mean sabhi mahajanoan ka samoohik pratinidhitv vyaparik samuday ke mukhiya dvara hota tha jise ‘ nagar seth’ kaha jata tha. any shahari samoohoan mean vyavasayik varg, jaise- chikitsak, hakim athava vaidy, adhyapak, pandit ya mulla, adhivakta, vakil, chitrakar, vastuvid, sangitakar, sulekhak adi sammilit the.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ aha! zindagi | aprail 2018 | prishth sankhya- 71
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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