मुर्दहिया- डॉ. तुलसीराम

murdahiya- d aau. tulasiram
murdahiya ka avaran prishth|150px|center
lekhak	d aau. tulasiram
mool shirshak	murdahiya
prakashak	rajakamal prakashan, nee dilli
prakashan tithi	1 janavari, 2010
ISBN	9788126719631
desh	bharat
bhasha	hindi
vidha	atmakatha
vishesh	d aau. tulasiram ne 'murdahiya' ke tisare aansh 'akal mean aandh vishvas' ke madhyam se samajik kuritiyoan ko prastut kiya hai. rachanakar ne apane atm ke sath-sath samaj, usaka rahan-sahan, aandhavishvas, ooanch-nich ka bhedabhav jaisi anek samasyaoan ko ubhara hai.

murdahiya dalit sahityakar d aau. tulasiram ki atmakatha hai, jisake madhyam se lekhak ne kee varshoan se dalit atmakathaoan mean sahity jagath ke bandhe-bandhaye manadandoan ko to dakar apane jivan se ju de us sachche aur k dave yatharth ko sabake samane ujagar karane ka prayas kiya hai, jise unhoanne svayan jhela tha. tulasiram ne is atmakatha ke doosare aansh 'murdahiya tatha skooli jivan' mean shiksha ke lie kiya ja raha sangharsh aur usamean gaanv se tho da door sthit murdahiya ki chauankane vali ghatanaoan ko udatt roop mean prastut kiya hai, jabaki 'murdahiya' ke tisare aansh 'akal mean aandh vishvas' ke madhyam se samajik kuritiyoan ko prastut kiya hai.

prishthabhoomi

kee varshoan se dalit atmakathaoan ne sahity jagath ke bandhe-bandhaye manadandoan ko to dakar apane jivan se ju de us sachche aur k dave yatharth ko sabake samane ujagar karane ka prayas kiya, jise unhoanne svayan jhela. d aau. tulasiram ne apani is atmakatha ko sat up-shirshakoan ke madhyam se apane jivan ke ek-ek p dav ko pathakoan ke samane rakha hai. tulasiram ki yah atmakatha dalit samaj ko aur us samay ki paranpara ko prakat karati hai. unhoanne apane pratham khand 'bhutahi parivarik prishthabhoomi' ke madhyam se yah dikhaya hai ki kis prakar samaj mean bhoot-pret aur aandhavishvas ka k da mayajal samaj mean ek n thik hone vale rog ki tarah paphaila hua tha aur aise hi samay mean isi dalit samaj mean unaka janm hua. kahate haian vyakti jis parivesh mean pala-badha hota hai usaka asar us par avashy dikhaee deta hai, phir is uparyukt kahe hue moorkhatajany aur aandhavishvas se tulasiram kaise achhoote rah sakate the. unhoanne apane is pratham khand mean yah spasht kar diya ki dalit aur savarn ke bhagavan alag-alag hote haian aur unaki pooja, archana, prasad aur har vidhi apana alag sthan rakhati hai. ve devi-devata ke sath bhootoan ko bhi bahut manate haian aur dar ke vashibhoot hokar jane-anajane apana aur apanoan ki kshati kar dalate haian. unhean is bat ka bilkul jnan nahian hota ki kya uchit hai ya kya anuchit? jisake chalate tulasiram ko chechak jaisi bhayanak bimari se apani ek aankh ganvani p dati hai jisake chalate samaj unhean apashagun manane laga. tulasi ne 'murdahiya' atmakatha ki bhoomika mean hi yah spasht kar diya hai ki 'yah sahi mayanoan mean hamari dalit basti ki ziandagi thi.' is ziandagi ko atmakatha ke madhyam se maianne bahar nikala. unhoanne b de vismayakari dhang se apani skooli shiksha ke bare mean bataya hai ki kis prakar brahmanoan dvara kisi ki ayi chitthi ko padhane ke dauran kaisi apamanajanak batoan ka samana karana p data tha, jisase oobakar gharavaloan ne unaka nam praimari vidyalay mean likhavaya tha ki kam se kam kisi ki chitthi-patri ko padhane ke lie brahmanoan ki gali-galauj ka samana to nahian karana p dega. yahian se praranbh hoti hai tulasiram ki kashtakari shiksha yatraa.

dvitiy aansh

d aau. tulasiram ne is atmakatha ke doosare aansh 'murdahiya tatha skooli jivan' mean shiksha ke lie kiya ja raha sangharsh aur usamean gaanv se tho da door sthit murdahiya ki chauankane vali ghatanaoan ko udatt roop mean prastut kiya. us samay shiksha mean brahmanoan ne ek kshatraraj sthapit kar liya tha aur yadi koee dalit ya nich jati ke vyakti ko skool mean dakhila mil bhi jata tha to use jatisoochak shabd ya bhaddi galiyoan se pukara jata tha. 'shuroo-shuroo mean adhikatar bachche 'upasthit' shabd ka uchcharan nahian kar pate the, jis par muanshi ji avilamb galiyoan ki bauchhar kar dete the. visheshakar dalit bachchoan ko ve 'chamarakit' kah kar apana gussa prakat karate the.' ajamagadh zila ke dharamapur gaanv ki samajik aur us zile ki rajanitik mahaul ka tulasiram ke vyaktitv par bahut gahara asar drishtigat hota hai. yahi unake vyaktitv ke nirman mean sahayak siddh hua. ek din tulasiram ne apane munnar chacha ko yah kahate hue suna ki "ab bharat mean samohi kheti hoee, aur sab kamaee sab khaee, neharoo ji karakhanna kholihian a paanch sal mean yojana banihian. pahale hakabat hoee piphar chakabat."

tulasiram is bat ko spasht karate hue kahate haian ki "sari batean to mujhe samajh mean nahian aee, kiantu 'hakabat' tatha 'chakabat' aur 'sab kamaee sab khaee' mujhe achchhi tarah samajh mean aya tha tatha yah bhi ki yah sab roos ki den hai." aisa mana jata hai ki vartaman, atit ke vicharoan aur karmoan se milakar taiyar hota hai. isalie atmakatha mean vyakti aur samaj donoan ka itihas dikhaee p data hai.

tritiy, chaturth tatha pancham aansh

d aau. tulasiram ne 'murdahiya' ke tisare aansh 'akal mean aandh vishvas' ke madhyam se samajik kuritiyoan ko prastut kiya hai. rachanakar ne apane atm ke sath-sath samaj, usaka rahan-sahan, aandhavishvas, ooanch-nich ka bhedabhav jaisi anek samasyaoan ko ubhara hai. kah sakate haian ki 'atmakatha mean kee bar atm mahatvapoorn nahian rah jata. usake bahane samay aur samaj ki kahani kahi jati hai, unake vikas kram ka chitran kiya jata hai. is atmakatha ke chauthe aansh 'murdahiya ke giddh tatha lok jivan' aur paanchavean aansh 'bhutaniya nagin' mean tatha uparyukt tinoan aansh mean akal ke samay ki pareshaniyoan ko prastut kiya hai tatha yah bhi dikhaya hai ki gramin parivesh ke in anapadh logoan mean phaila bhoot-pret ka dar kis kadar inake samany jivan ko prabhavit karata hai. jisake karan inaka jivan bad se badatar ho jata hai. 'ek aandhavishvas ke chalate log battakh namak palatoo pakshi ko bachche ke oopar baithane par majaboor karate haian. isamean manyata yah thi ki chu dail bhag jaegi. in bimar bachchoan ko koee dava nahian di jati. is tarah kee bachche mar jate, phir hull d mach jata ki chu dail ne bachchoan ko kha liya. in sabake alava tulasiram ne dalit samaj ki sanskriti, riti-rivaj, tij-tyohar ke madhyam se unake samaj ko prastut kiya hai. in sari kuritiyoan, aandhavishvasoan ke bich tulasiram ki shiksha dhire-dhire age badh rahi thi. jisamean a dachanean to bahut thian, lekin padhaee mean hoshiyar hone ki vajah se unhean usaka phal bhi mil raha tha.

chhathavaan aansh

'murdahiya' atmakatha ka chhathavaan aansh 'chale buddh ki rah' aur satavaan aansh 'ajamagadh ki phakakashi' ne tulasiram ke jivan mean ek naya mo d la diya. rachanakar ne nauvian kaksha mean gautam buddh, abraham liankan, gaandhi, neharoo adi mahapurushoan ke bare mean jana. par tulasiram buddh se itana prabhavit hue ki unaka balaman hamesha vaisi hi kalpana karane laga. 'bas ek hi dhun haradam savar thi ki haeeskool samapt ho aur maian buddh ki tarah ghar se bhag jaooan. is prakriya mean maian ekaantavasi hone laga. vah bhi shiksha ke lie ghar tyagate haian, lekin paristhiti se majaboor vapas a jate haian. inhian sari pareshaniyoan se joojhate hue tulasiram buddh, ambedakar aur marks se prabhavit apane jivan se sangharsh karate hue age badhate haian. shiksha, sahity aur bhoomi adi sadhanoan se vanchit aur samajik gatividhiyoan se alag-thalag dalitoan ko majadooroan ki shreni mean rakha gaya. tulasiram ne is atmakatha mean dalit jivan ki us sashakt bhoomi ko apani lekhani ka madhyam banaya. is atmakatha mean marksavadi chiantan ka prabhav drishtigat hota hai.

nisandeh d aau. tulasiram ne is atmakatha mean virodhi paristhitiyoan mean adamy jijivisha aur jivan sangharsh ki jhalak dikhaee hai. atmakatha samaj parivartan ki maang karati hai. yah koee manabahalav ki pustak nahian hai balki is par gaharaee se sochana hoga. isake sath hi 'murdahiya' ke agale aank ki pratiksha bhi hai. tulasiram ne apani is atmakatha ki bhoomika mean yah aankit kiya hai ki 'jahir hai, ab pahale jaisi unaki pooja nahian hoti. badhate hue shaharikaran ne har ek ke jivan ko prabhavit kiya hai. bhoot bhi isase achhoote nahian haian.' dalit chiantan ki aur bhi batean is atmakatha ke agale aank mean hamare samane prastut hoangi. 'murdahiya' ke lie kaha ja sakata hai ki yah un alochakoan ke lie karara javab hai jo dalit sahity mean manaviy moolyoan ki upeksha karate haian. yah atmakatha poore dalit samaj ke adamy jivan sandarbh ke sath age badhane ka sandesh deti hai tatha yah bhi batati hai ki jo narakiy ya dasatapoorn jivan dalitoan ko mila hai, usamean vyakti vishesh ka nahian balki vyavastha ka aparadh hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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