वैदिककालीन आर्थिक जीवन

rrigved mean aryo ke mukhy vyavasay ke roop mean pashupalan evan krishi ka vivaran milata hai jabaki poorv vaidik aryo ne pashupalan ko hi apana mukhy vyavasay banaya tha. rrigvaidik sabhyata gramin sabhyata thi. is ved mean ‘gavy evan gavyati shabd charagah ke lie prayukt hai. is kal mean gay ka prayog mudra ke roop me bhi hota tha. avi (bhe d), aja (bakari) ka rrigved mean anek bar zikr hua hai. hathi, bagh, batakh,giddh se ary log aparichit the. dhani vyakti ko gopat kaha gaya tha. raja ko gopati kaha jata tha yuddh ke lie gavisht, gesoo, gavy or gamy shabd prachalit the. samay ki map ke lie godhul shabd ka prayog kiya jata tha. doori ka man ke lie gavayatu.

rrigved mean krishi ka ullekh matr 24 bar hi hua hai, jisamean anek sthanoan par yav evan dhany shabd ka ullekh milata hai. 'go' shabd ka prayog rrigved mean 174 bar aya hai. gay ko pavitr mana jata tha aur use adhany kaha jata tha. gay vinimay ka mukhy sadhan thi, isalie isaka dharmik evan samajik ki apeksha arthik mahatv adhik tha. rrigved mean sampati ka mukhy roop godhan tha. yuddh ka pramukh karan gayoan ki gaveshana arthath 'gavishti' tha. purohitoan ko gayean aur dasiyaan dakshina ke roop mean di jati thian. dan ke roop mean bhoomi n dekar das-dasiyaan hi di jati thi.

krishi

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

rrigvaidik kal mean raja bhoomi ka svami nahian hota tha. vah vishesh roop se yuddhakalin svami hota tha. rrigved mean do prakar ke sianchaee ka ullekh hai-

1. khanitrima (khodakar prapt kiya gaya jal)
2. svayanja (prakritik jal)

udyog

rrigvaidik kal mean vastr dhulane vale, vastr banane vale (vay), lak di evan dhatu ka kam karane vale evan bartan banane vale shilpoan ke vikas ke barean me vivaran milata hai. charmakar evan kumhar ka bhi ullekh milata hai. sambhavatah 'ayas' shabd ka upayog rrigved mean karagha ke lie, 'ot' evan tantu shabd ka prayog tane-bane ke lie evan 'shudhyav' shabd ka prayog oon ke lie kiya jata tha. rrigved mean kapas ka ullekh nahian milata hai. rrigved mean hirany evan suvarn shabd ka prayog sone ke lie kiya gaya hai. 'nishk' sone ki mudra thi. takshan v tasht shabd ka prayog badhee ke arth mean kiya gaya hai. aryo ke samajik jivan mean rathoan ka adhik mahatv hone ke karan 'taksha' samajik pratishtha adhikar badhi huee thi. 'anas' sadharan ga di ko kaha jata tha. 'nad' (narakat) ka prayog rrigved kal mean striyaan chataee bunane ke lie karati thian. 'charmagn' cham da sijhane valoan ka kaha jata tha.

vyapar

rrigvaidik kal mean vyapar mean kray-vikray hetu vinimay pranali ka shubharambh ho chuka tha. is pranali mean vastu vinimay ke sath-sath gay, gho de evan svarn se bhi kray-vikray kiya jata tha. vinimay ke madhyam ke roop mean `nishk ka ullekh hua hai, kintu isaka samikaran vivadagrast hai. sanbhavatah yah praranbh mean har jaisa koee svarnabhooshan tha, kalantar mean sikke ke roop mean prayukt hone laga. rrigvaidik kal mean vyapar karane vale vyapariyoan evan vyapar hetu sadooravarti pradeshoan mean bhraman karane vale vyakti ko 'pani' kaha jata tha. rrigved mean ek sthan par devataoan tatha paniyoan ke bich sangharsh tatha devataoan dvara unake sanhar ka varnan milata hai. vyapar sthal evan jal donoan rastoan se hota tha, antarik vyapar bahudha ga diyoan, rathoan evan pashuoan dvara hota tha. aryo ko samudr ke vishay mean janakari thi ya nahian yah bat abhi tak aspasht hai. phir bhi rrigved mean sau patavaroan vali nauka se yatra karane ka vivaran prapt hota hai. ek sthan par tugr ke putr bhujy ki samudr yatra varnan hai jisane marg mean jalayan ko nasht ho jane par atmaraksha ke lie ashvinikumaroan se prarthana ki thi. ashvini kumaroan ne unaki raksha ke lie 100 patavar vala jahaz bheja tha. is kal mean rrin dekar vyaj lene vale varg ko 'bekanat' (soodakhor) kaha jata tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh