दक्षिणा

yajn karane vale purohitoan ko diye gaye dan (shulk) ko dakshina kahate haian. aise avasaroan par 'gay' hi pray: shulk hoti thi. danastuti tatha brahmanoan mean isaka aur bhi vistar hua hai, jaise gay, ashv, bhaians, ooant abhooshan adi. isamean bhoomi ka samavesh nahian hai, kyoanki bhoomi par sare kutumb ka adhikar hota tha aur bina sabhi sadasyoan ki anumati ke isaka dan nahian kiya ja sakata tha.

atev bhoomi adey samajhi gayi. kiantu madhy yug ate-ate bhoomi bhi raja dvara dakshina mean di jane lagi. phir bhi isaka arth tha bhoomi se rajy ko jo ay hoti thi, usaka dan. pratyek dharmik athava maangalik krity ke aant mean purohit rritvij athava brahmanoan ko dakshina dena avashyak samajha jata hai. isake bina shubh kary ka suphal nahian milata, aisa vishvas hai. brahmachary athava adhyayan samapt hone par shishy dvara achary ko dakshina dene ka vidhan grihmasootroan mean paya jata hai.

ekalavy ki dakshina

hiranyadhanu namak nishadaraj ka putr ekalavy dhanurvidya sikhane ke uddeshy se dronachary ke ashram mean aya kintu nimn varn ka hone ke karan dronachary ne use apana shishy banana svikar nahian kiya. nirash hokar ekalavy van mean chala gaya. usane dronachary ki ek moorti banaee aur us moorti ko guru man kar dhanurvidya ka abhyas karane laga. ekagrachitt se sadhana karate huye alpakal mean hi vah dhanurvidya mean atyant nipun ho gaya.

ek din sare rajakumar guru dron ke sath akhet ke liye usi van mean gaye jahaan par ekalavy ashram bana kar dhanurvidya ka abhyas kar raha tha. rajakumaroan ka kutta bhatak kar ekalavy ke ashram mean ja pahuancha. ekalavy ko dekh kar vah bhauankane laga. isase krodhit ho kar ekalavy ne us kutte par apana ban chala-chala kar usake muanh ko banoan se se bhar diya. ekalavy ne is kaushal se ban chalaye the ki kutte ko kisi prakar ki chot nahian lagi kintu banoan se biandh jane ke karan usaka bhauankana band ho gaya.

kutte ke lautane par jab arjun ne dhanurvidya ke us kaushal ko dekha to ve dronachary se bole, "he gurudev! is kutte ke muanh mean jis kaushal se ban chalaye gaye haian usase to yah pratit hota hai ki yahaan par koee mujhase bhi b da dhanurdhar rahata hai." apane sabhi shishyoan ko le kar dronachary ekalavy ke pas pahuanche aur pooanchha, "he vats! kya ye ban tumhian ne chalaye haian.?" ekalavy ke svikar karane par unhoanne punah prashn kiya,'tumhean dhanurvidya ki shiksha dene vale kaun haian?' ekalavy ne uttar diya, 'gurudev! maianne to apako hi guru svikar kar ke dhanurvidya sikhi hai.' itana kah kar usane dronachary ko unaki moorti ke samaksh le ja kar kh da kar diya.

dronachary nahian chahate the ki koee arjun se b da dhanurdhari ban paye. dronachary ekalavy se bole, 'yadi maian tumhara guru hooan to tumhean mujhako gurudakshina deni hogi. 'ekalavy bola, 'gurudev! gurudakshina ke roop mean ap jo bhi maangeange maian dene ke liye taiyar hooan.' is par dronachary ne ekalavy se gurudakshina ke roop mean usake dahine hath ke aangoothe ki maang ki. ekalavy ne saharsh apana aangootha de diya. is prakar ekalavy apane hath se dhanush chalane mean asamarth ho gaya to apane pairoan se dhanush chalane ka abhyas karana arambh kar diya.

raja harishchandr ki dakshina

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vishvamitr ne brahman hone ke nate raja se usaka samast danasvaroop le liya. tadanantar use us rajy ki simaean chho dakar chale jane ko kaha aur yah bhi kaha ki ek mah ke uparaant harishchandr unake rajasooy yajn ke lie dikshasvaroop dhan (dakshina) bhi pradan kare. raja apani patni taramati (shaivya) tatha putr rohitashv ko sath le paidal hi kashi ki or chal diya. taramati dhire-dhire chal rahi thi, atah kruddh muni ne us par dande se prahar kiya. kalaantar mean ve log kashi pahuanche. vahaan vishvamitr dakshina lene ke nimitt pahale se hi vidyaman the. koee aur marg n dekh raja ne shaivya aur rohitashv ko ek brahman ke hathoan bech diya. dakshina ke lie dhan paryapt n hone ke karan svayan chaandal ke hathoan bik gaya. vastav mean dharm ne hi chaandal ka roop dharan kar rakha tha. harishchandr ka kary shavoan ke vastr adi ekatr karana tha. use shmashan bhoomi mean hi rahana bhi p data tha. kuchh samay uparaant kisi sarp ne rohitashv ka danshan kar liya. usaka shav lekar shaivya shmashan pahuanchi. harishchandr aur shaivya ne paraspar pahachana to apane-apane kasht ki gatha kah sunayi. tadanantar chita taiyar karake balak rohitashv ke sath hi harishchandr aur shaivya ne atmadah ka nishchay kar kiya. dharm ne prakat hokar unhean pran tyagane se roka.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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